Investigation on sand-dune afforestation by Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill) in Patara-Antalya region

As a result of the measurements made in these afforestation works carried out with the Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill) species under the scope of Patara Sand-Dune Afforestation Works in Kas district of Antalya province, the average breast height growth was found to be between 32.4 and 46.5 cm, the average height growth was found to be between 15.2 and 24.6 m and the average growing stock per hectare was found be varying between 9.164 and 17.098 m3/ha. Moreover, it was found that outstanding results had been achieved with this sand-dune afforestation work carried out to prevent the threat of the sand-dune movements to the inner settlements and fertile agricultural lands, and that new fertile soil formations had been obtained. In addition to this, although the Eucalyptus species used in afforestation was an exotic species, it was also determined that the average adaptability varied between 71.8 and 86.3% and that it showed a great adaptation to the region.

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Results of 20 years old Douglas-fir provenance experiment established on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain in Bulgaria

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/14/2014-jfs ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 394-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E.B. Popov

Keyword(s):

Douglas Fir ◽

Average Height ◽

Provenance Trial ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Breast Height ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Seed Zone ◽

Stock Volume ◽

Mean Annual Increment

The purpose of this study is to facilitate the detection of provenances relevant to the reforestation practice in Bulgaria. Studies were carried out in a Douglas-fir provenance trial plantation established at an altitude of 800 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain. To establish the productivity, assess the stands and rank provenances biometric procedures, methods of descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used. The diameter at breast height, average height, dominant height, total growing stock volume, assortment timber structure and survival of trees were analyzed in the stands of 55 Douglas-fir provenances. The provenances were characterized in terms of productivity of forest stands at 20 years of age and their ability to produce high quality timber was evaluated. Provenances: Newhalem No. 4 (Seed zone 402), Darrington No. 7 (Seed zone 403), Parkdale No. 19 (Seed zone 661) and Idanha No. 29 (Seed zone 452) have been recommended. Among the recommended provenances are those with growing stock volume with branches from 296 to 354 m3·ha–1, mean annual increment from 14.8 to 17.7 m3·ha–1 and dominant heights of up to 17.9 m.

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Behavior of xylans from the Eucalyptus species. Part 2. Characterization of 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans isolated from black liquors of kraft pulping of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2012-0035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

Andréia S. Magaton ◽

Teresa Cristina F. Silva ◽

Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽

Dorila Piló-Veloso ◽

Flaviana Reis Milagres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Raw Material ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Exclusion Chromatography ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Black Liquors

Abstract 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans isolated from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla kraft black liquors (KBLs) were chemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Doses of alkali charge, expressed as active alkali (AA), were 16, 17, and 18% while the sulfidity was kept at 25%. Kappa numbers of 19.1, 17.5, and 16.1 for E. grandis and 20.4, 16.8, and 15.4 for E. urophylla were obtained. At higher alkali charges, the recovery of xylans from the KBLs was lower and the degree of substitution of xylans with uronic acids decreased. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the recovered xylans was greater under conditions of mild pulping, i.e., in the case of pulps with higher kappa numbers. Mw of xylans ranged from 16.1 to 19.1 kDa for E. grandis and from 15.4 to 20.4 kDa for E. urophylla. The xylans from KBL may be useful as pulp modifying agents or as a raw material for advanced applications.

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Stabilité phénotypique de la croissance en hauteur et cinétique journalière de la pression de sève et de la transpiration chez le pin maritime (Pinuspinaster Ait.)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x82-136 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 936-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. P. Guyon ◽

A. Kremer

Keyword(s):

Sand Dune ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Height Growth ◽

Coastal Sand Dune ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

Coastal Sand ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Physiologic Activity ◽

Response To Environmental Change ◽

Pin Maritime

A study of geographic variation of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ait.) 9 years old, regarding height growth, transpiration and sap pressure daily kinetics has been performed in two sites, one in coastal sand dune and the other one in a more interior well-drained sandy moor. Successive height increments were measured from the 4th to the 9th year of growth and the year × provenance interaction was investigated. Transpiration and sap pressure were measured on 2-year-old needle fascicles. Results show discriminant variations between provenances and suggest some hypotheses about the possible ways of natural selection concerning drought resistance. The provenances North Landes (France) and Leiria (Portugal) grow best and strongly react to any variation of environmental factors as reflected by the high value of the slope of their regression lines (regression of their annual mean on the overall annual mean). Such a genotypie instability coincides with an intense physiologic activity (large flux of water correlated with a strong loss of weight by transpiration, reaching after 3 min 2% of the total dry weight of the separated needles and associated with the lowest sap pressure when the sun is around zenith). On the contrary, the Morocan provenance Tamjoute shows a large stability; its daily curves of transpiration and sap pressure reach early their maximum and minimum and therefore express a stress avoidance. Between these two extreme behaviours, the provenances Cazorla (south Spain) and Porto-Vecchio (Corsica) have intermediate values of transpiration and sap pressure, and their height growth shows a relative stability of response to environmental change.

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Effect of Different Levels of I.B.A Concentration on Clonal Propagation of Eucalyptus Species in Ghana West Africa.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-126050/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nana Yaw Sarpong ◽

Frank Ofori Agyemang ◽

Daniel E.K.A Siaw ◽

Essakku Menason

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Field Performance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

P Value ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Four Levels

Abstract BackgroundIncreasing global wood demands have necessitated an overall push for cost-effective methods of vegetative propagation using cuttings. Vegetative plant propagation through cuttings although a breakthrough is mostly hampered with the inability of cuttings to root effectively to achieve maximum yield. Ten clones each of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (E. grandis x E. urophylla) and Eucalyptus pellita (E. pellita) were treated with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations of 0 ppm (control), 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 4000 ppm respectively.ResultsOverall mean survival of cuttings was low (< 50%) for all concentrations of IBA used in this research. Survival rates of individual clones however varied from clone to clone. E. grandis x E. urophylla cuttings had the highest mean survival (43.39%) when treated with 2000 ppm of IBA and lowest mean survival (37.86%) when treated with 0 ppm. Results from the survival rates of E. grandis × E. Urophylla and Eucalyptus pellita cuttings were subjected to an Analysis of Variance test to identify any significant differences between hormone concentration and cutting survival. ANOVA results indicated that differences between cutting–IBA concentrations for E. grandis × E. Urophylla were significant (p=1.85x10-08) which is lower than standard p value (p=0.05) used in the test.For E. pellita (P) cuttings the highest mean survival (27.14%) was achieved when treated with 2000 ppm of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Individual clones however showed significant differences in survival. E. pellita clone P2 achieved the highest survival (52.68%) in the control experiment (0 ppm). Some clones i.e P51 and P82 achieved survivals of less than 10% in all four levels of IBAConclusionThe best surviving Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clone (GH11) achieved a mean survival rate of 75% when the GH11 basal cutting was treated with 2000 ppm IBA. The results indicated that the production of clones with survival rates of less than 20% should be discarded since it makes no economic sense clones with survival rates of more than 40% should be planted out in the field to compare field performance with greenhouse survival.

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Predicting Logging Residue Volumes in Alaska

Forest Science ◽

10.1093/forsci/fxaa052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Erik C Berg ◽

Eric A Simmons ◽

Todd A Morgan ◽

Stanley J Zarnoch

Keyword(s):

Predictive Models ◽

Tree Species ◽

Timber Harvesting ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Prediction Tools ◽

Breast Height ◽

Logging Residue ◽

The Creation ◽

Forest Managers

Abstract Alaska forest managers seek information on how timber harvesting practices change the creation of postharvest woody residues. To predict residue volumes, researchers investigated how residue ratios—growing-stock residue volume per mill-delivered volume—related to readily available data on logging site and tree attributes in Alaska. Residue ratios were not related to logging site-level variables but were related to individual tree variables with predictive models. Ratios varied widely by tree species and were predicted to increase with larger stump height and larger small-end used diameters and decline exponentially with increasing diameter breast height (dbh) to approximately 25 inches. Ratios were then predicted to increase progressively in larger dbh trees. Results from this study update previous findings in other US Northwest states and can be used to produce or improve residue prediction tools for Alaska land managers.

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Modelling the Effect of Microsite Influences on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile Eucalyptus globoidea (Blakely) and Eucalyptus bosistoana (F. Muell) in New Zealand

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10100857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 857

Author(s):

Salekin ◽

Mason ◽

Morgenroth ◽

Bloomberg ◽

Meason

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Resource Competition ◽

Surface Profile ◽

Height Growth ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Silvicultural Treatments ◽

Wind Exposure ◽

Plantation Yield ◽

Survival Proportion

The effect of microsite on juvenile forest plantation yield is rarely explored. This is because juvenile plantation growth is considered to be reasonably homogenous due to a lack of resource competition between trees prior to canopy closure. However, models of juvenile plantation height growth and survival that are sensitive to microsite variation could aid decisions relating to site preparation, plantation establishment and early silvicultural treatments. In this study, juvenile Eucalyptus bosistoana and E. globoidea height growth and survival proportion were modelled against topographic and environmental microsite characteristics as independent variables. The experiment included three different sites situated in a sub-humid region of New Zealand. A total of 540 plots were planted with 18,540 trees in regular rows and columns. Micro-topographical variables significantly influenced height growth and survival proportion of both E. bosistoana and E. globoidea, but species differed in their responses. More sheltered microsites yielded greater height growth and survival for both species. The height of both species was influenced by wind exposure, morphometric protection, and distance from the nearest ridge. E. bosistoana height was also influenced by topographic position and surface plan curvature. Survival was affected by surface profile curvature for both species, while E. globoidea survival was also impacted by surface plan curvature and distance from the top ridge. This study identified microsite factors influencing juvenile height and survival of two Eucalyptus species.

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Site Index Curves for Norway Spruce in Southern Ontario1

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/6.1.23 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew M. Gordon ◽

Peter A. Williams ◽

Edward P. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Site Index ◽

Height Growth ◽

Stem Analysis ◽

Mean Values ◽

Breast Height ◽

Drainage Class ◽

The Mean

Abstract Four dominant or codominant Norway spruce trees from each of 55 sites were destructively sampled and the annual height growth determined by stem analysis. The sampled sites were stratified by soil textural class (coarse, medium, and fine) and depth to distinct mottling (0-16, 16-40, and 40 in.). Two sets of an-amorphic site index curves were constructed using a total age of 30 years (SI30), and breast height age of 25 years (SIBH25) as base ages. The mean SI30 from Ontario (53 ft) was found to be 17.8% higher than the mean values published from Vermont (45 ft) and currently used in Ontario. SIBH25 values had a range of 34.6 to 74.8 ft with a mean of 55.3 ft. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in SIBH25 due to soil texture and drainage class, and in years to breast height (BH) due to drainage class. SIBH25 was highest on sites with loamy soils and distinct mottling at 16-40 in. It took an average of 6.5 years for seedlings to reach BH with a range of 3 to 12 years. Years to BH was lowest on sites with sandy soils and those with distinct mottling below 40 in. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):23-26, March 1989.

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Age structure and response to fine-scale disturbances of Abiessachalinensis, Piceajezoensis, Piceaglehnii, and Betulaermanii growing under the influence of a dwarf bamboo understory in northern Japan

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x26-032 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 289-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Tsutom Hiura ◽

Junji Sano ◽

Yasuo Konno

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Residence Time ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Ring Width ◽

Height Growth ◽

Average Height ◽

Dwarf Bamboo ◽

Trade Off ◽

Canopy Trees ◽

Northern Japan

We studied regeneration patterns of the four canopy dominants, Abiessachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters, Piceajezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Cam, Piceaglehnii (Fr. Schm.) Masters, and Betulaermanii Cham., of an old-growth (>400 years) boreal coniferous forest in northern Japan. Age and size structure, height growth, and diameter growth of tree populations in a 40 × 40 m plot were analyzed. Seedling establishment was restricted to nurse logs and mounds (98%), where the influence of dwarf bamboo (Sasasenanensis (Franch. et Sav.) Rehd.) was limited. Abiessachalinensis had a high density (10 263/ha) but a high mortality (8.4%/year for saplings, 1.7%/year for canopy trees) and a short canopy residence time. It also showed a more rapid tree-ring width increase after disturbances. Piceaglehnii had a low density (1450/ha) but a low mortality (6.9%/year for saplings, 0.1%/year for canopy trees) and a longer residence time in the canopy. Piceajezoensis had an intermediate density (8206/ha) and its mortality rate for canopy trees (0.9%/year) was lower than that of A. sachalinensis, although its sapling mortality rate (8.1%/year) was similar to that of A. sachalinensis. Betulaermanii had a higher mortality (14.1%/year for saplings, 2.4%/year for canopy trees) than the conifers. On the other hand, B. ermanii had the highest height growth and P. glehnii had the lowest. The mortality and average height growth of saplings showed a trade-off relationship. The trade-off relation in life history strategy may contribute to the coexistence of these species. The proportion of the gap area created in the forest was 1.2–2.4%/year, and a forest turnover time calculated from aboveground volumes was 87–99 years. These values were similar to a weighted mean of the estimated life times of the constituent species, 71 years for A. sachalinensis, 123 years for P. jezoensis, and 49 years for B. ermanii.

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