NEUROREHABILITATION BY HIRUDOTHERAPY OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AFTER A CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
С.Ж. СЕРИКБАЕВА ◽  
Н.Ж. ОРМАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Positive Effect

В данной статье рассмотрены некоторые вопросы нейрореабилитации пациентов после коронавирусной инфекции (ПКВИ). Частыми осложнениями после перенесенного КВИ являются когнитивные расстройства, которые характеризовались снижением слухоречевой памяти, замедлением темпа интеллектуальной деятельности, уменьшением беглости речи, снижением концентрации внимания. Недостаточность регуляции произвольной деятельности, связанная с дисфункцией лобных долей является ведущим нейропсихологическим механизмом формирования когнитивных нарушений у пациентов после коранавирусной инфекции . Применение полного курса гирудотерапии оказывает позитивное влияние на умеренные когнитивные нарушения (УКН) у больных ПКВИ. This article discusses some issues of neurorehabilitation of patients after coronaviruses infection (PCWI). Frequent complications after CVI are cognitive disorders and harecterized by a decrease in auditoryspeech memory, a slowdown in the pace of intellectual activity, a decrease in fluency of speech, and a decrease in concentration. Lack of regulation of voluntary activity associated with frontal lobe dysfunction is the leading neuropsychological mechanism for the formation of cognitive impairment in patients with postcoranavirus infection . The use of a full course of hirudotherapy has a positive effect on moderate cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with PCVI.

Episodic hyperlibidinism in multiple sclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim ◽  
Florian P Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Background: Changes in sexual function are commonly associated with MS and occur in many forms. Hypersexual thought or behavior are rare, but can present on the background of persistent cognitive impairment or psychiatric conditions such as mania, whereas isolated hypersexuality is still rarer. Case Report: We describe the clinical neuropsychological electrodiagnostic neuroimaging and endocrine findings in a MS patient with episodes of greatly increased libido. Imaging and neuropsychological studies indicated frontal lobe dysfunction; hormone studies showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Episodic hypersexuality can be a recurrent transient manifestation of MS.

scholarly journals 548 - Cognitive aging and cognitive reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Alena Sidenkova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionThe aging processes are accelerating in all regions of the world. The involvement of older people in production and social processes determines the need to maintain a high level of social and psychological adaptation, despite the progressive pathology of the brain caused by its aging. This increases the relevance of research related to the study of biological reserves of the brain and psychological and social mechanisms of human adaptation in late adulthood. The risk of developing cognitive disorders is not fatal. According to some observations, even in the hippocampal type of UKR, despite the content of amyloid in the brain, the functional and social activity of the elderly remains high. Prospective studies show that people with high cognitive reserve have a lower risk of developing dementia. Cognitive reserve is the brain’s resistance to damage. Cognitive reserve is the ability of the brain to cope with the consequences of damage caused by external influences, brain stroke, chronic brain ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and age-related changes. Cognitive reserve is the brain’s ability to functionally compensate for and minimize clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment. The mechanisms of cognitive reserve in normal and Alzheimer’s disease are different. In healthy older adults, a higher cognitive reserve correlates with larger brain sizes and effective strategies for performing cognitive tasks. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, the size of the brain decreases. But high brain activity helps preserve cognitive resources. Excessive brain activity in dementia is a compensatory mechanism. This is confirmed by the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Of course, the degree of brain atrophy is a predisposing factor for dementia, but it is not a mandatory factor for cognitive decline. So, the symptoms of dementia do not appear until you have crossed the critical border of damage to the brain substance. Progressive brain atrophy underlies the clinical manifestations of dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, but the correlation between the degree of brain damage and cognitive impairment is not linear.Research materials and methodsAn observational 10-year longitudinal study was conducted. In 2006, moderate cognitive impairment was found in 66 patients. The group of patients included 49 women and 49 men. Their average age in 2006 was 59.3±5.2 years. In 2006, the severity of cognitive decline was 26.2±1.9 points on the MMSE scale. This corresponds to indicators of moderate cognitive impairment. Research methods: clinical and psychopathological, psychometric, statistical. Questionnaire “Loss and acquisition of personal resources” (N. Vodopyanova, M. Stein), MMSE scale.Research resultIn 2006, amyloid was detected in the spinal fluid of all patients selected for the study group. If a patient developed dementia, they were given specific therapy. The dynamics of cognitive functions in patients was different. Mild dementia was formed in 53% of patients. Moderate dementia was formed in 10.6% of patients. Moderate cognitive impairment (pre-dementia) persisted in 36.4% of patients. Hereditary burden of dementia in patients with moderate dementia was detected 2 times more often. Back in 2006, we identified the leading sensory systems of patients. The master sensor system determines the modality of the main information flow. This is the most important part of the information that a person interacts with. This is the basis of interaction with reality. This is the basis of cognitive functions. Correlations of age-specific lesions of the corresponding sensory systems with the severity of cognitive decline were found in patients with the corresponding sensory modality (Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient-r, p<0.05): presbyacoussis – auditory r=0.667, presbyopia-visual r=0.705. The influence of psychosocial factors on the condition of patients was studied. In dementia, significant history of psychotrauma was found in 35.7%. Moderate stress was detected in the group of patients with moderate cognitive impairment in 33.3%. Moderate stress was detected in the group of patients with dementia in 83.3%. Stress of loss of life meaning was detected more often in patients with dementia 76.7%. It is important not only what stresses a person endures, but how they can cope with them. Dementia patients were statistically more likely to have unproductive coping strategies that did not help them cope adequately with stress.ConclusionsThe concept of cognitive reserve suggests possible causes of heterogeneity in the dynamics of cognitive decline in the initial stages of atrophic-degenerative brain diseases: biological causes and psychosocial causes. The concept of cognitive reserve helps to study and develop individual programs for the prevention of severe cognitive disorders.

scholarly journals Involutive curable cognitive disorders in elderly people

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Fatenkov OV ◽  
Simerzin VV ◽  
Krasovskaya MA ◽  
Sytdykov IKh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Over Time

The review article describes the characteristics of curable involutive cognitive impairment in the elderly. It is noted that mild cognitive impairment is predominantly neurodynamic in nature, but over time it can transform into a syndrome of moderate cognitive impairment, which, sometimes, is a precursor of dementia. Special attention is given to the clinical manifestations of mild and moderate cognitive impairment, diagnostic criteria, the course of the disease, and its medical and social impact.

scholarly journals Physical activity as a factor influencing on cognitive disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ilia K. Chupryaev ◽  
Svetlana D. Ponomareva ◽  
Alexandra V. Yasakova ◽  
Elena V. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Positive Effect

The article presents the results of modern research regarding the mechanisms of the positive effect of physical activity on cognitive functions, the benefits of aerobic exercise, and recommendations on physical activity for older adults with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals 338 - Risk factors for moderate cognitive impairment and dementia in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz populations (preliminary results)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Saule T. Turuspekova ◽  
B. Demesinova ◽  
Z. Rayimzhanov ◽  
R. Nurzhanova ◽  
L. Bespalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Cardiac Ischemia ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment

The current demographic situation in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan is associated with pronounced processes of population aging. Today, about two million elderly people live in Kazakhstan, which makes up more than 10% of the population, which crosses a seven percent threshold for determining the “aging” country in the world.For Kyrgyzstan, an increase in the proportion of the elderly is a new phenomenon. At the beginning of 2016, there were 965,385 people over 50 in Kyrgyzstan, which is 16% of the total population, of whom 60 and over are 7.06%. According to the average version of the forecast, the relative number of people 60 years and older will almost triple by 2050. (M. B. Denisenko, 2011, Report of a statistical study, 2017) The aging of the population is the most significant social problem of the XXI st century and is associated with the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Moderate cognitive impairment, according to several authors are an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia (Brodaty H., 2013, Peterson, 2009).The cause of cognitive disorders in old age can be a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative. According to projections, it is expected that neurodegenerative diseases will surpass cancer as the leading cause of death by 2040 (Walter U., 2013). The Global prevalence pattern of dementia depends on several factors, from life expectancy to the health status, last but not least from the particular environment.Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the main risk factors for their occurrence among people over 60 in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz populations.Materials and methods.The screening was attended by 300 respondents (150 Kazakhs and 150 Kyrgyz) aged 60 to 90 years (average age 65.6). The material was collected using the Questionnaire for the Champ Clinic and the MOCA test (cut-off point <26) based on the city polyclinics of Almaty and Bishkek.Results:moderate cognitive impairment was detected - 39.9%, mild cognitive impairment - 33.4%, normal cognitive function - 26.7% in Kazakhs. In the Kyrgyz population, a moderate cognitive impairment was identified - 48.3%; pronounced cognitive impairment - 15.4%, dementia - 8.2%. Expected risk factors for cognitive impairment: 1) in Kazakhs, arterial hypertension - 86.89%, cardiac ischemia, angina pectoris - 70.21%, pathology of the thyroid gland and pancreas (diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) - 29.50%, atherosclerotic vascular diseases - 29.9%, brain injury - 18.22%, education level - 4.24%, depression - 0.6%, respectively. 2) in Kyrgyz: arterial hypertension - 49%, cardiac ischemia, angina pectoris - 13%, pathology of the thyroid gland and pancreas (diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) - 21%, low level of education - 11%, Bad habits of smoking and alcohol - 25 %, 20%, respectively.Conclusions:The transformation of the demographic burden can have important implications for the social security system.We have an urgent need to continue screening the population to identify the main risk factors for moderate cognitive impairment in individuals in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz populations.

PROGRESS OF RESEARCH IN NUTRITIONAL THERAPY FOR NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (NARRATIVE REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective: In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal nutrient status to strengthen the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis, focusing on the most relevant constituents that reduce inflammation and Provide a holistic perspective nutritional therapy the new coronavirus (covid-19) to assist researchers and improving areas for future response plans to deal with these diseases, and to provide a summary of the nutrients that help stop their development. Methods: This is a theoretical study conducted through a comprehensive review of the literature and research in the research engines (PubMed), (Read) and (ELSEVIER) and other new studies published in Chinese; we obtained information nutritional treatment who contributed to increasing the immunity of patients, due to the lack of treatment for this disease. Results: Until now no effective drug for the treatment of new coronavirus, pneumonia (covid-19) has been found. The development of vaccines is still in animal experiments. Recommendations and measures to control the spread of infection and nutritional therapy are still the only way to prevent the spread of covid-19 virus. Because, People relied only on treatments that were effective on previous viruses, for example those that have been used during the SARS and MERS epidemics. Discussion: The Covid-19 virus remains a global concern and more research is needed to control it. In addition, people need to know the nutrition ingredients that have a positive effect on increasing the immunity of the human body.

The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders associated with aging is expected to rise dramatically between now and year 2050, when the population of Americans aged 65 or older will nearly double. Cognitive impairment also commonly occurs in other neurologic conditions, as well as in non-neurologic medical disorders (and their treatments), idiopathic psychiatric illnesses, and adult neurodevelopmental disorders. Cognitive impairment can thus infiltrate all aspects of healthcare, making it necessary for clinicians and clinical researchers to have an integrated knowledge of the spectrum of adult cognitive disorders. The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders is meant to serve as an up-to-date, scholarly, and comprehensive volume covering most diseases, conditions, and injuries resulting in impairments in cognitive function in adults. Topics covered include normal cognitive and brain aging, the impact of medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary) and psychiatric illnesses (e.g., depression and bipolar disorder) on cognitive function, adult neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), as well as the various neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion). A section of the Handbook is also dedicated to unique perspectives and special considerations for the clinicians and clinical researchers, covering topics such as cognitive reserve, genetics, diversity, and neuroethics. The target audience of this Handbook includes: (1) clinicians, particularly psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists (including behavioral and cognitive neurologists), geriatricians, and psychiatrists (including neuropsychiatrists), who provide clinical care and management for adults with a diverse range of cognitive disorders; (2) clinical researchers who investigate cognitive outcomes and functioning in adult populations; and (3) graduate level students and post-doctoral trainees studying psychology, clinical neuroscience, and various medical specialties.

scholarly journals Differences in Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Sang-Hwa Lee ◽  
Yeonkyeong Lee ◽  
Minji Song ◽  
Jae Jun Lee ◽  
Jong-Hee Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological investigations have indicated that migraineurs exhibit frontal lobe-related cognitive impairment. We investigated whether orbitofrontal and dorsolateral functioning differed between individuals with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), focusing on orbitofrontal dysfunction because it is implicated in migraine chronification and medication overuse headache (MOH) in migraineurs. This cross-sectional study recruited women with CM with/without MOH (CM + MOH, CM − MOH), EM, and control participants who were matched in terms of age and education. We conducted neuropsychological assessments of frontal lobe function via the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We enrolled 36 CM (19 CM + MOH, 17 CM–MOH), 30 EM, and 30 control participants. The CM patients performed significantly (p < 0.01) worse on the TMT A and B than the EM patients and the control participants. The WCST also revealed significant differences, with poorer performance in the CM patients versus the EM patients and the control participants. However, the net scores on the IGT did not significantly differ among the three groups. Our findings suggest that the CM patients exhibited frontal lobe dysfunction, and, particularly, dorsolateral dysfunction. However, we found no differences in frontal lobe function according to the presence or absence of MOH.

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