Ս. ԴԱՎԻԹ ԱՆՈՒՆԸ ԿՐՈՂ ՍՐԲԱՎԱՅՐԵՐԸ ՊԱՏՄԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՏԱՐԱԾՔՈՒՄ

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-304
Author(s):  
Karen Hovhannisyan
Keyword(s):  
Xvii Century ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Village

SANCTUARIES BEARING THE NAME OF ST. DAVID ON THE TERRITORY OF HISTORICAL ARMENIA A group of sanctuaries are known thus far bearing the name of St. David. There are about ten sanctuaries of the kind but often it is impossible to clear up who that St. David was, to whom the given sanctuary is devoted. The most prominent sanctuary of Western Armenia devoted to St. David (the monastery Apranits, XVII century, known as St. David of Dvin) was in the historical region Derjan, on the territory of which two well-known huge (5-6 m of height) khachkars were erected. Within the boundaries of the contemporary RA there are two most popular sanctuaries named St. David. One of them is situated in the vicinity of the village Getazat of Ararat region and is devoted to St. David of Dvin. This is one of the rare cases when it is certain who the saint of the sanctuary is. The second one is in the village Nor Armavir (Armavir region). That is a prominent pilgrimage site and is mentioned since the beginning of the XIX century. The both over mentioned sanctuaries are significant and beloved pilgrimage sites both for Armenians and for Assyrians of Armenia. The pilgrimage holiday for the both is the Sunday following Easter. In our days these sanctuaries maintain their mass pilgrimage in the frame of which versatile rites having special purposes are executed. A different case is the chapel Ardar (Righteous) David of the village Parpi, in the case of which it is not quite clear if it bears the name of the ogre described in legends. Nevertheless, in Parpi a different legend is told about the brave warrior Righteous David.

scholarly journals EPITAPHIES AS A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF VILLAGES. DAGBASH/AKHWAKH, SHAMIL DISTRICT, REPUBLIC OF DAGHESTAN)

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Shakhban Magomedovich KHAPIZOV ◽  
Magomed Gadzhievich SHEKHMAGOMEDOV
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Informative Part ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Village ◽  
Written Sources

Based on analysis of the information contained in the newly discovered Arabic language epitaphs, the article shows the efficiency of the integrated approach in historical and ethnographic researches. This study was carried out by the authors on the example of the village of Dagbash (Akhwakh), the Shamil district of the Republic of Daghestan. The epitaphs of the late XV – early XIX centuries have been studied. They were found on the grave steles of the settlement cemetery and on a stone inserted in the wall of the mosque. The informative part of the epitaphs is analyzed together with the oral traditions, ethnographic observations, as well as data from the Arabic-language written sources. Such an integrated approach made it possible for the authors to date the formation of this rural community, as well as to trace the geography of the migration processes that accompanied this phenomenon. The authors conclude that this community formed before the XV century, as a result of the unification of three more similar settlements located nearby the existing Akhwakh settlement. Later, several more clans (tukhums) formed in Akhwakh, which arose during the sprawl of families of immigrants from other settlements. The clan structure of Akhwakh apparently had formed by the beginning of the XIX century. This approach is quite applicable to studies of similar examples of synoecism in medieval Daghestan. Also, the analysis of epitaphs made it possible to trace the evolution of anthroponomy in the given microregion, as well as its dependence on a change in the religious affiliation of its population. The authors also managed to identify in written sources the original name of the village, which was changed in the 1932 (Akhwakh to Dagbash).

scholarly journals Precious framing of the bestowed royal figures during the time of Peter the Great

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Iuliia Igorevna Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Western European ◽  
Xix Century

The goal of this research is the comprehensive examination of precious framing of the bestowed royal figures in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great. The author explores the circumstances of emergence of such awards in Russia and creation of precious frames of this time, possible “prototypes” of the diamond frame pattern that are similar to Western European awards, the masters who design these frames, etc. The article is based on the combination of art criticism and historical-cultural approaches. The object of this research was the award badges – royal figures of the first quarter of the XVIII century (enamel and graphic miniature portraits of Peter the Great, as well as minted medals). The research employs the written (unpublished archival documents) and visual sources (portraits of the grandees of the Petrine period with such awards; images of the royal figures on lithographs of the mid XIX century). It is established that precious frames of the bestowed royal figures of the first quarter of the XVIII century had the same pattern. Most likely, in design of the framing of award badges in Russia, the masters relied on the appearance of the royal figures brought by Peter I from England and Holland after the Great Embassy. These Western examples, in turn, had the “design” characteristic to similar royal awards of the XVII century. The article list the names of the jewelers who manufactured diamond frames of the bestowed royal figures in Russia of that time. These are the "foreigners" J. Westfahl, K. Boldan, I. Jasper. A significant part of such frames (over a hundred) was created by J. Westfahl. The design of precious frame for the royal figures of the Petrine period remained in similar awards of the Russian rulers and in XVIII – XIX centuries.

scholarly journals Początki Kolegium Polskiego w Rzymie w XVI i XVII w. oraz działania zmierzające do jego utworzenia w XIX w.

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 299-314
Author(s):  
Marek Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Xix Century

After the Council of Trent during the pontificate of the Pope Gregory XII (15721585), the numerous colleges, the seminaries for priests educating future clergy, were being established in Rome. During those times the established colleges were as follows: German-Hungarian in 1552, Greek in 1577, English in 1579, Marians in 1584 (marionickie). Polish college was established after receiving papal approval at 1 September 1582 by Philippe Nereusz and existed only by the end of 1586. In the middle of the XVII century Polish King Jan Kazimierz created with papal approval Polish-Swedish college. The new institution remaining under the Polish King supervision from Waza dynasty and was destined for Polish and Swedes. Unfortunately, after the death of Jan Kazimierz the college was supervised by the Swedish Queen Kristina, who decided that the college would be destined only for Swedes. Through the following two hundred years there were not any centre educating Polish clergy. In the middle of the XIX century Bogdan Jański together with his friends and monks Peter Semeneka and Hieronim Kajsiewicz, the founders of the Congregation of the Ressurectionist Fathers, started the efforts leading to reestablishing the Polish College in Rome, that would educate and prepare the candidates for priesthood. The funds were gathered remembering about convincing the Pope to this initiative.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE REFORMED HOUSE MANAGEMENT IN THE WORKS OF A.N. ENGELGARDT AS A TOOL FOR SOLUTIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Lilia Sargu ◽  
Yulia Valeeva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of the socio-economic life of the post-reform landowner economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of the contribution of A. N. Engelhardt to the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, how strong, in the opinion of local residents, is the role of the memorial source «Letters from the Village» in modern agronomy how they see the concept of «mining» in modern realities, is their definition similar to the definition of the second half of the 19th century. Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of socio-economic life of the post-reform landlord economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of AN’s contribution. Engelhardt in the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, as, according to local residents, a strong role of the source memoir «Letters from village» in modern agriculture, as they see the concept of «practicing» in the current situation, is similar whether their definition with the definition of second half of the XIX century.

scholarly journals Church Murals Based on G. G. Gagarin’s Sketches and an Appeal to the «Builders of Russian Сhurches»

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Инесса Николаевна Слюнькова
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Teaching Artists ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Church Art ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена русскому религиозному искусству второй половины XIX в., вопросам смены художественных формаций от классицизма к историзму и византийскому стилю. Объектом исследования становится творческое наследие вице-президента Императорской Академии художеств князя Г. Г. Гагарина. Предпринята попытка раскрыть его теоретические взгляды на иконографию евангельской темы в украшении храмов, на методы обучения художников, на будущее русского церковного искусства. Рассматриваются авторские проекты Г. Г. Гагарина по убранству и росписям храмов в византийском стиле: Сионский собор в Тбилиси, церковь Мариинского дворца в Санкт-Петербурге, церкви в имении Ореанда в Крыму и селе Сучки на Волге. Часть представленных проектов публикуется впервые. The article is devoted to Russian religious art of the second half of XIX century. It answers some questions of changing artistic formations from classicism to historicism and the Byzantine style. The object of the research is the creative heritage of the vice-president of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Prince G. G. Gagarin. An attempt was made to reveal his theoretical views on the iconography of the gospel theme in decorating churches, on the methods of teaching artists, and on the future of Russian church art. There are some G. G. Gagarin’s projects on church murals in the Byzantine style such as the Zion Cathedral in Tbilisi, the church of the Mariinsky Palace in St. Petersburg, the churches in the Oreanda estate in the Crimea and the village of Suchki on the Volga. Some of the submitted projects are firstly published.

scholarly journals Assimilation of the Chulym Turkic People by the Russians in the First Half of the XIX Century: the case of the Kolmogorov Family from Chumay Village

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village

The article deals with the assimilation of Siberian indigenous peoples by the first Russian settlers in the north of the Kemerovo region. The research was based on the historical and genealogical methods and featured a microhistorical analysis of a particular settlement of the Chulym Turkic people who lived in the Kiya river basin in the first half of the XIX century. The paper introduces the case of the Kolmogorov family of old-timers from the village of Сhumay (Chebulinsky municipal district of the Kemerovo region). The author studied memoirs and parish documents to trace the changes in the status of the Kolmogorovs: from representatives of the indigenous peoples who paid a regular tribute in furs (yasak) to peasants. The research also helped to define the borders of the yasak territories and establish the conditions that encouraged the yasak-payers to settle down as peasants. The exposure to peasantry and Russification was a long stage: it took the Kolmogorovs 25 years to enter the peasant community of Сhumay village. Moreover, the process was small-scale and random in the period under review.

scholarly journals Afanasy Fet’s essays “From the Village” and Pavel Medvedev’s article “Dreams and Reality”: to the history of polemics

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Viktorovna Tselikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic School ◽  
The Right ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village

This article meticulously analyzes the views of the representative of aesthetic school and school of democratic poetry of the Russian literature of the XIX century upon the designation of art and science. The essays “From the Village” by A. A. Fet, which depict the poet’s outlook upon the role and tasks of poetry, science, and art as a whole, serve as the materials for this research. Opinion of the opponents from democratic school is demonstrated on the example of the article “Dreams and Reality” by the author of the satirical magazine “Iskra” Pavel Medvedev. The article examines polemical dialogue between the two schools, analyzes and compares the arguments provided by its representatives. The article describes various mechanisms that allow using aesthetic beliefs as the foundation for creating a parodistically distorted personality and as a method for exposing the true views. The cycle by P. A. Medvedev “Dreams and Reality”, which combines the attributes of satirical parody and satire itself, was created as an instrument that is able to discredit publicizing of A. A. Fet in his essays “From the Village”, and thus unveil not only his aesthetic, but also sociopolitical position, ideology of the right-winger and advocate of serfdom. The parodist was trying to achieve such effect solely through interpretation and commenting of the statements of A. A. Fet himself.

scholarly journals Tolerance in Akaki Tsereteli’s Poems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Shioshvili ◽  
Nino Kakhashvili
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Given

XIX century Georgian literature is quite versatile and diverse. It is the transitional period from Romanticism to Realism that is continuously accompanied by the national motive. Though, many other topics were also emphasized in literature of the mentioned period. Georgian literature beginning with its first works guards the morality. Works of XIX century Georgian creators are distinguished in that regard as well. Different ideal characters created by them are the special examples for society even today. This time the given work deals with Akaki Tsereteli’s poems. It is worth of interest as how the ideology of realist, warrior poet is compatible with the tolerant approaches, when Akaki Tsereteli is tolerant and if their characters can forgive and gain a victory over themselves. Tolerance as the moral phenomenon and its philosophical definition are also emphasized in the given work in an interesting way. All of the abovementioned matters are quite acceptable for Akaki. Great humanism and tolerance are revealed in poet’s words. After analyzing the poems given in the work it becomes clear that the poet is tolerant not only with neighbors, but also he turns out to be the most gracious one with enemies. His characters find ways for showing courage even in the war. His characters are not only heroic warriors, the poet also gives them quite a tender temper and that is the reason for becoming worthy brave man. His characters are separated from the natural things, defeat selfish forces and make such decisions in a specific moment that helps them remain humans with morality, they are right with their own conscience and it is the expression of their free will. The given work allows to conclude that Akaki Tsereteli’s poems reveal the greatest examples of tolerance and offer society the samples of humanism and morality.

scholarly journals The strategy of the Development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) - Based Agriculture in the District Juli Bireuen

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Teuku Qadarisman ◽  
Zakiah Zakiah ◽  
Suyanti Kasimin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
National Economic ◽  
National Economic Development ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Village

Rural economic development is an important thing to do given the national economic development should start from the village. One of the efforts that can be done to develop the economy of the village is through entrepreneurship village, which can be the strategy in the development and growth of the welfare of the village community. Entrepreneurship village can be developed through the establishment of Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Rural regions that can not be separated from the agricultural sector, with the importance of the role of agricultural sector to the economy of the country, then the business BUMDes needs to be directed or developed with the activities of the agriculture-based businesses. The results obtained from this research is that BUMDes-based agriculture in the Juli District, Bireun District is in quadrant IV (diversify activities). In this quadrant the position of the organization is in the market is very small and the growth rate is low, therefore it is necessary to diversify the business. This position indicates an organization is weak and facing a big challenge. The recommendations of the given strategy is a survival strategy, meaning that the internal conditions of the organization is on the choice of a dilemma. Therefore, organizations are advised to use a defensive strategy, control of the performance of the internal so not getting mired. This strategy is maintained while continuing to attempt to fix themselves.

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