scholarly journals Afanasy Fet’s essays “From the Village” and Pavel Medvedev’s article “Dreams and Reality”: to the history of polemics

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Viktorovna Tselikova

This article meticulously analyzes the views of the representative of aesthetic school and school of democratic poetry of the Russian literature of the XIX century upon the designation of art and science. The essays “From the Village” by A. A. Fet, which depict the poet’s outlook upon the role and tasks of poetry, science, and art as a whole, serve as the materials for this research. Opinion of the opponents from democratic school is demonstrated on the example of the article “Dreams and Reality” by the author of the satirical magazine “Iskra” Pavel Medvedev. The article examines polemical dialogue between the two schools, analyzes and compares the arguments provided by its representatives. The article describes various mechanisms that allow using aesthetic beliefs as the foundation for creating a parodistically distorted personality and as a method for exposing the true views. The cycle by P. A. Medvedev “Dreams and Reality”, which combines the attributes of satirical parody and satire itself, was created as an instrument that is able to discredit publicizing of A. A. Fet in his essays “From the Village”, and thus unveil not only his aesthetic, but also sociopolitical position, ideology of the right-winger and advocate of serfdom. The parodist was trying to achieve such effect solely through interpretation and commenting of the statements of A. A. Fet himself.

Author(s):  
S.N. Korusenko

This paper aims at reconstructing the genealogy of Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs (Western Siberia), identifying the origins of their surname, which is not characteristic of the Tatars, and at analysis of the influence of socio-political and socio-economical processes in Russia in the 18th through 20th centuries on the social transformation of the family. The sources were represented by the materials of the Inventory Revision Book of Tarsky District of 1701 and census surveys of the end of 18th through 19th centuries, which allowed tracing the Knyazev family through the genealogical succession and identifying social status of its members. In this work, recordkeeping ma-terials of the 18th–20th centuries and contemporary genealogical and historical traditions of the Tatars have been utilized. In the research, the method of genealogical reconstructions by archival materials and their correlation with genealogies of modern population has been used. The history of the Knyazev family is inextricably linked to the history of modern village of Bernyazhka — one of the earliest settlements of the Ayalintsy (a group of the Si-berian Tatars) in the territory of the Tarsky Irtysh land which became the home to the Knyazevs for more than three centuries. The 1701Inventory Revision Book cites Itkuchuk Buchkakov as a local power broker of the Aya-lynsky Tatars in the village. During the 18th century, this position was inherited by his descendants who eventually lost this status in the beginning of the 19th century in the course of the managerial reforms by the Russian gov-ernment. Nevertheless, the social status of the members of the gens remained high. In the mid. 19th century, the village moved — the villagers resettled from the right bank of the River Irtysh onto the left one. As the result, the village was situated nearby the main road connecting the cities of Omsk and Tara. At the same time, the village became the center of the Ayalynskay region. That led to the strengthening of the social status and property en-richment of the descendants of Itkuchuk Buchkakov. The Knyzevs’ surname first appeared in the materials of the First All-Russia Census Survey of 1897. Some of the descendants signed up under this surname later in the Soviet period. During the Soviet years, members of the Knyzev’s gens had different destinies: some worked in the local government, whereas the others were subjected to political repressions and executed. Knyazevs took part in the Great Patriotic War and seven of them perished. Presently there are no descendants of the Knyazevs in Bernyazhka as they spread over the villages of the Omskaya Region, some living in Omsk and other towns of Russia and abroad.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A.V. Shmeleva

This publication reveals the tradition of Russian literature, based on the principles of historicism and nationalities. The connection of speech and outlook of the writer as an example of creativity one of the outstanding figures of the second half of the XIX century – K.P Pobedonostsev. Research subject is the basic thesis of Pobedonostsev which is addressed to the writers - "We should live the people's lives ...." Accumulation of the ideals of the people, which are elaborated throughout the history of Russia. It allows to preserve the culture of artistic expression and national historic appearance.


2020 ◽  

In collective scientific work the causes and dynamics of complex and contradictory processes of formation of Russian journalism in the first third of the XIX century are analyzed and the relationship of Russian journalism and literature of this period is studied on the basis of the analysis of publicistic texts of writers in periodicals and rare printed sources. The team of authors also sought to theoretically comprehend and practically study journalism as a special field of literature, to develop new conceptual foundations for analyzing the complex and multi-level interaction of journalism and other types and genres of Russian literature.


1919 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
A. M. Woodward

About eight miles south-west of Kilkish or Kukuš, on the right bank of the river Zensko, is the ruined village of Avret-Hissar. Facing the village, on the left bank of the stream, is a prominent rocky spur, rising steeply from the river and crowned by the remains of a remarkable mediaeval building.This was correctly identified by Leake, who does not appear to have visited the site, as the castle of Γυναικόκαστρο which played a prominent part in the history of this region in the fourteenth century. As I know of no published description of it, these notes seem to be worth publication in the hopes that a fuller study of the site may be made now that exploration in this area is more feasible.


Author(s):  
Tetiana Malaieva ◽  

This article is a deep study of the technical possibilities of the modern piano and the use of this knowledge in the musical and pianistic development of the personality. The history of the modern piano begins in the XIX century. In 1823, Sebastien Erar in Paris invented the mechanism of double rehearsal. It was a double rehearsal that marked the beginning of a new history of the modern piano. Its main task is to achieve the sensation of closing a fingertip with a string. Similarly, as the ligaments of the vocalist close or the bow with the string of the violinist. Double rehearsal is a thin spring mechanism that allows you to repeatedly press a key from half or a quarter of a key's stroke without lifting your finger from the key.This mechanism drives the hammer, and the damper remains motionless. This creates a pedal sound effect. Possession of a double rehearsal allows the pianist to understand that any touch to the keyboard affects the quality and color of the sound. Touching the keyboard is called Touche - unfortunately a forgotten professional concept. Frederic Chopin owned an excellent touche, for which he was called the "Singer of the piano." Famous musician, conductor, pianist, composer, music theorist, philosopher, human rights activist, Honored Artist of Russia Mikhail Arkadyev is considered a modern researcher of double rehearsal. Mastering a double rehearsal is achieved by repeating a single sound or akorda of three, four sounds on a legato without using the right pedal. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the very beginning and the first touch. There are many examples of the use of double rehearsal in music literature. It can be any repetition of the same sounds. She creates a variety of musical images. Possession of a double rehearsal contributes to the technical freedom of the pianist, aesthetic and physical support when playing the piano. The research of the ordered topic revealed that the sophisticated mechanism of the double rehearsal is the first and true "soul of the piano" (pedal - "friend") She (double rehearsal) contributes to the technical maintenance of the perfect performance of the musical work and requires a painstaking work as a music teacher, and his students. And this must be done from the beginning of education and education of music school students. As a conclusion of the study, it should be emphasized that today in education the personal-oriented pedagogy comes to the fore. Therefore, the upbringing, development, formation of individual and personal qualities in pupils with the means of music should occupy the current place in the work of musical schools. And this only confirms the relevance of the topic of research and requires its further development.


Author(s):  
N. V. Shevtsov

Grand uprising led by Pugachev seized a vast area from the middle reaches of the Volga, the Urals and the Kazakh steppes. Thousands of people from different classes and nationalities joined rebellious Ural Cossacks in 1773. From the beginning, the uprising was of antimonarchic, not noble character, although its leader, and posed as a resurrected Emperor Peter III. During two years since 1773 the rebels were holding at bay the entire Russian Empire, becoming a real threat to the power of Catherine II. Pugachev's Rebellion is a subject of numerous works of Russian historians, writers, articles, research journalists and ethnographers. But perhaps the most famous "History of Pugachev" is written by a classic of Russian literature Alexander Pushkin. His work became one of the first (if not the first) serious historical studies on Pugachev's Rebellion. The historical science of XIX century, especially its first half, doesn't know many writings on the uprising. The fact that historians did not dare to write about Pugachev and the events that took place in 1773-1775 years, as Catherine II prohibited even mention the uprising. The decree of the senate ordered even rename the place, where the described events took place, for example, the Yaik river and Yaitsk town in order "to bring all that has happened to eternal oblivion." The famous historian S.M. Solovyov did not have advance to write about Pugachev. Death interrupted his work when his 29 volume ws in process, which he planned to complete with the execution of the leader of the uprising. Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevskii did not write many pages devoted to Pugachev as well. The author of this article visited the places, where the events took place, and repeated the journey of A.S. Pushkin, who visited the region in 60years after Pugachev's Rebellion. By talking with the locals, visiting ancient towns and villages, I sought to find out what has now preserved since ancient times, whether it is possible today to see evidence of the uprising or the famous trip of A.S. Pushkin.


HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Asri Widiyasari ◽  
Ni Made Wiasti ◽  
Aliffiati .

Ngusaba Dangsil is one of the religious rituals performed by Bungaya Villages. Despite their different beliefs, they remain respectful of each other. Tolerance among religious people in Bungaya Village is one of them can be seen during Ngusaba Dangsil ritual, a small community living in Bungaya Village called as Islam Belalungan is also involved in the big ritual procession. The aims of this research are to know: (a) Why Islam Belalungan play a role in Ngusaba Dangsil ritual and (b) How does Ngusaba Dangsil ritual mean for Islam Belalungan. The involvement of Islam Belalungan in Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual is studied through role theory, while the meaning of Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual for Islam Belalungan can be studied through interpretative theory. The concepts used as a guideline in this research is the concept of role, the concept of Islam Belalungan, and the concept of Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual. Thus, this study uses ethnographic research methods that belong to qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, interview, and literature study. The results showed that the existence of Islam Belalungan in Bungaya Village can not be separated from the history of Islamic entry in Karangasem through several channels namely, government, trade, and kinship. The factors of involvement of Islam Belalungan in Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual are among others history and part of the village. In addition, the role of Islam Belalungan in Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual is at the time before, when the ritual, and after the ritual. Before the ritual begins, the Islam Belalungan participate to assist the preparation of making banten dangsil, when the ritual has taken place, Islam Belalungan are involved to help lift dangsil in the peak of the Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual. After Ngusaba Dangsil Ritual is completed, Islam Belalungan given the right to take or eat a surudan of banten that has been offered.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Sugiyarto Sugiyarto ◽  
Agustinus Supriyono ◽  
Endah Sri Hartatik

This article discusses apanage land belonging to the village heads, which is a legacy of the land system in the era of pre-colonial Surakarta and Yogyakarta kingdoms or what is termed as Vorstenlanden. This paper is aimed to find out how the feudal and nobility system in Java, which in the colonial era was very vulnerable to intervention and politics of splitting or fighting. To answering this question, a study will be conducted on the history of the Islamic Mataram kingdom until the era of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, en focusing on the analysis of the apanage and nobility systems. The method used is a historical method that consists of four steps, namely, heuristics, textual criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research shows high officials and royal aristocrats have the power and the right to collect land tax and labor. A decline in the degree of nobility in Java will also affect the extent or amount of apanage land obtained. In the other side, the peasant only enjoy a small portion of the results of working on land or rice fields. Artikel ini membahas tentang tanah apanage milik para kepala desa yang merupakan     peninggalan sistem pertanahan di era pra-kolonial kerajaan Surakarta dan Yogyakarta atau yang disebut dengan Vorstenlanden. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem feodal dan bangsawan di Jawa yang pada masa penjajahan sangat rentan terhadap intervensi dan politik perpecahan atau perkelahian. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, dilakukan studi tentang sejarah kerajaan Mataram Islam hingga era Surakarta dan Yogyakarta, dengan fokus pada analisis sistem bangsawan dan bangsawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik tekstual, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pejabat tinggi dan bangsawan kerajaan memiliki kekuasaan dan hak untuk memungut pajak tanah dan tenaga kerja. Penurunan derajat kebangsawanan di Jawa juga akan mempengaruhi luasan atau jumlah rata-rata tanah yang diperoleh. Di sisi lain, petani hanya menikmati sebagian kecil dari hasil menggarap lahan atau sawah. 


Author(s):  
Dmytro Pavliv

The old village of Ulvivok, located above the Bug River in Sokal district, Lviv region, is extremely rich with archaeological sites. Relief, favourable for living, fertile soils, large river have contributed to appearing of human settlements on this area since ancient times. This fact is witnessed by finds of numerous archaeological artifacts near Ulvivok and discovery of significant archaeological sites – cemeteries and settlements, which have an interesting history of research since the late XIX century and till nowadays, associated with many famous Lviv scientists. An important role in the preservation and study of local archaeological finds was played by Dzieduszycki Museum. The first references to finds from Ulvivok and the surrounding villages – Horodylovychi, Stargorod, Skomorokhy and Telyazh – are found at the works of local historian B. Sokalski and geologist A. Lomnitcki, published in 1899. J. Nykorovych – the owner of the village and amateur archaeologist contributed noticeably preservation and research of sites during XIX – beginning of XX century. The first extensive exploration in Ulvivok in 1923 was conducted by archaeologist and local historian, guardian of the prehistoric monuments of Lviv district B. Janusz, who discovered a tomb of Globular Amphorae culture and part of the burials of the most famous archaeological sites near Ulvivok – inhumation cemetery from the end of Bronze Age of “Ulvivok-Rovantsi type”. The same cemetery was investigated in 1931 by archaeologist T. Sulimirski, who published the results of excavations. Local archaeological finds were studied by famous Ukrainian archaeologist J. Pasternak, J. Bryk, K. Żurowski, J. Dąmbrowski, I. Sveshnikov, L. Krushelnytska. Nowadays, the exploration work was conducted by N. Wojceschuk, surveys in Ulvivok, Horodylovychi, Stargorod and excavation of Early Iron Age site were carried out by D. Pavliv. At least 14 archaeological sites (8 settlements and 6 cemeteries) and about 100 individual finds have been found on the territory of the village and surrounding area. This territory on the western part of Ukraine is extremely rich with archaeological sites of almost all epochs. It is witnessed by the great historical importance of this region and requires continuation of professional archaeological examinations and protective actions for the preservation of archaeological heritage. Key words: Ulvivok, archaeological site, Lviv scientists, Globular Amphorae culture, burial complex of Ulvivok-Rovantsi type.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Chodyła

Jednym ze znaczniejszych skupisk ludności żydowskiej w Wielkopolsce w XVIII w. było królewskie miasteczko Rogoźno, ośrodek starostwa niegrodowego w powiecie i województwie poznańskim W 1765 r. zamieszkiwało w nim około 448 Żydów tworzących własny kahał (gminę), na czele którego stali rabin i dwóch seniorów, a zarazem ławników sądu kahałowego, z których jeden pełnił zapewne funkcje pisarza i zarazem syndyka. Publikowany przywilej Antoniego Szołdrskiego starosty-tenutariusza rogozińskiego i grodowego łęczyckiego dla Maśka Lewka z Łęczycy, wydany 12 lutego 1765 r. we wsi Gościejewo, stanowi zgodę na wybór i zarazem nominację tegoż Żyda na rabinat rogoziński. Potwierdza on władzę administracyjną, a zwłaszcza sądową rabina, z możliwością apelacji od wyroku sądu, któremu przewodniczył, do starosty, jednakże tylko w tym samym dniu, w którym zapadł ów wyrok. Dalej zakazuje rabinowi oddalanie się od synagogi bez koniecznej przyczyny, nakazuje wobec niego szacunek członkom synagogi, dopuszczając możliwość dochodzenia przez każdego z nich wobec rabina pretensji na drodze sądowej, ale tylko swoim kosztem, bez mieszania w spór synagogi i sąsiadów, w przeciwnym wypadku starosta przyrzeka udzielić rabinowi swego poparcia, a ponadto obiecuje temuż swą obronę, gdyby kahał nie opłacał go zgodnie z zawartą umową i jeśliby był napastowany lub ktoś czynił mu szkodę. Przywilej ten, potwierdzony 6 stycznia 1775 r. przez Jakuba Szołdrskiego, brata Antoniego i jego następcę na starostwie rogozińskim, zostaje wydany z powtórnego urzędowego wpisu jego treści do księgi grodzkiej poznańskiej, dokonanego z inicjatywy Lewka Maśka 10 grudnia 1781 r. Zasługuje on na ogłoszenie drukiem ze względu na skromny stan źródeł do dziejów Żydów w tym miasteczku i rzadkie występowanie tego typu dokumentów. The privilege of Antoni Szołdrski, Rogoźno starost, in the Rogoźno rabbinate, for Lewko Maśko of February 12, 1765 In the 18th century, one of the largest Jewish centers in Greater Poland was found in a royal town, Rogoźno, the heart of non-resident starosty in the Poznań county and district. In 1765, 448 Jews who formed their own qahal (community) lived there. The community was headed by a rabbi and two elders. The latter were at the same time the members of the qahal court. One of them also held the function of a writer and a legal adviser. The privilege published – the privilege of Antoni Szołdrski, non-resident Rogoźno starost and resident Łęczyca starost for Maśko Lewko from Łęczyca, granted on February 12, 1765 in the village of Gościejewko is a permission to assign, and therefore nominate, this particular Jew to be the rabbi in the Rogoźno rabbinate. It confirms his administrative and, more importantly, judiciary powers. It provides the right to appeal from the rabbi-chaired court’s verdict to the starost, but only on the day the verdict was made. The privilege also forbids the rabbi to leave the synagogue unless absolutely necessary. Although it orders the members of the synagogue to respect the rabbi, it allows them to take the rabbi to court, but only at their own expense, without involving the synagogue and neighbors in the dispute. Otherwise, the starost promises that he will not only lend support to the rabbi, but also defend him if the qahal does not pay the rabbi as stipulated in the contract concluded, and if he is abused or harmed. This privilege was confirmed on January 6, 1775 by Jakub Szołdrski, Antoni’s brother and his successor to the Rogoźno starosty. The document is published based on its official re-entry to the Poznań municipal register, conducted from the initiative of Lewko Maśko on December 10, 1781. It deserves to be published due to the little amount of sources on the history of Jews in this town and the fact that this type of documents is quite rare.


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