scholarly journals U-3 Fundamental Position of Hadtih in Education Philosophy of Muslim Thinkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Rehana Kousar ◽  
Zahida Shabnam
Keyword(s):  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Education Philosophy ◽  
Great Stress ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Islam has presented a unique and different theory about the sources and essence of knowledge. This theory is linked with idea of oneness of god (Tawheed) presented by Islam. The omnipotent Allah is the source of knowledge. The prophet (PBUH) has laid a great stress on the importance of knowledge. His approach was the finest of all. He even declares a sort of emergency for the acquisition of knowledge. His views and sayings about the learned as reflect his educational thought. The step taken by khulfa Rashidecn for the dissemination of education also reflect. Their education of educational thought. If we analogy the views and theories of other experts and Muslim scholars we come to know that hadith holds a fundamental position of their educational thought. Hadith has a profound impact on their educational thought they focused on ijtihad/ legal reasoning rather than sticking to inertia. They explained Islamic educational thought. Which is imbued with the concept of cameras of god. The explored. The think between hadith and the Quran and played a vital role in organizing Islamic educational value. So this is the need of the brear to adopt the educational thought presented by the prophet.

Evolution of Islamic Law in the 20th Century: The Conception of Collective Ijtihād in the Debate Between Muslim Scholars

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-178
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gad Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Probative Value ◽  
Technical Work ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Abstract In order to meet the demands of modern life and its complexities, Muslim scholars developed in the 20th century a new instrument of Islamic legal finding, namely al-ijtihād al-jamāʿī [collective independent legal reasoning (ijtihād)]. The latter serves at present as a basis for the technical work within various institutions of contemporary Islamic law, in particular the fiqh academies. This article examines collective ijtihād as a newly developed concept of modern Islamic Law. By focusing on discussions among contemporary Muslim scholars about this concept, I aim to outline certain theoretical characteristics and a methodological framework for collective ijtihād. Furthermore, this article describes positions taken by Muslim scholars concerning the legitimacy and the probative value (ḥujjiyya) of collective ijtihād.

scholarly journals Confucius' Thought of Education and Insights for Today’s Moral Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Tran Quang Bao Phuc ◽  
Khalida Parveen ◽  
Ha Thi Minh Tran ◽  
Anh Quynh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
Education Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
Equality In Education ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Class Distinction

The present paper attempts to gain insights into Confucius' thought of education and to draw lessons for today’s education in the Industry 4.0 era. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, deserves the world recognition as ‘the great exemplary teacher for generations’ for his dedication and contributions to education with respect to the role, aim, contents, and pedagogical methods of education. As per Confucius, education should be a universal right and not a privilege only to a group of people in society. The theory of ‘no class distinction in education’ soon initiates a real revolution in ancient educational thought, availing education to the broad masses of ordinary people. This radical thought is the greatest of all, attesting the importance of equity and equality in education to people from all walks of life. A synthesis of Confucius' thought of education from prior studies, thus, extends the existing literature on education philosophy and expands global understanding of the greatest educational thoughts of all time. These insights have practical implications for today’s educational leaders and policymakers alike.

scholarly journals LOCAL WISDOM IN SIRIBAN AND THE IMPACT ON THE KADAZANDUSUN SOCIETY FORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosliah Kiting
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
National Education ◽  
Education Philosophy ◽  
Education Value ◽  
The Impact

Siriban or metaphor is one of the local wisdoms that is often used to provide education to the Kadazan community. Siriban is mostly still in the form of oral tradition and dominated by elderly people. Therefore this study was conducted to collect Siriban through fieldwork and then conducted an analysis to see local wisdom to focus on the values contained in Siriban education and impact on the formation of the younger generation of Kadazan. Analysis of the data found that Siriban have educational value of local wisdom that can provide awareness and consciousness to a person thus changing the negative attitude into a positive. As a result of this awareness and consciousness will have an impact on the formation of a generation that has humility, diplomacy, patience, tolerance, respect, courtesy, rational and wisdom. This makes Siriban suitable as teaching and learning materials because the education value is capable in realizing the goals of the National Education Philosophy to produce a generation with good character and personality as well as balanced in terms of physically and spiritually.

scholarly journals The plain packaging of tobacco products and its recognition by the WTO as a legitimate policy measure for the protection of public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-53
Author(s):  
Wolney Da Cunha Soares Junior
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
International Health ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Regulatory Approach

Introduction: the adoption by the WTO DSB of the Panel Reports that resolved the disputes against the Australian tobacco plain packaging scheme unveil important aspects of international health law intertwined with international trade law. Objectives: this paper aims at understanding the concept of plain packaging and the scope of the WTO decision for countries envisaging the adoption of similar measures in policymaking. The research questions are descriptive and encompass how the position expressed by the WTO DSB affects the WHO FCTC and what legal reasoning the referred decision used. Methodology: a historical method is employed to identify the origins of plain packaging and the main concerns and challenges surrounding it, whilst a discursive analysis of the Panel Reports allows an interpretation of its basic principles and possible implications for public health policies. Results and discussion: from a microeconomic policy analysis, the standardization of tobacco packets is a reasonable regulatory approach at a government’s disposal for addressing welfare losses due to externalities and internalities. Although there is no consensus on the empirical evidence supporting plain packaging, its assessment by the WTO Panel played a vital role in the decision rendered, notably with respect to Article 2.2 of the TBT Agreement and Article 20 of the TRIPS Agreement. Conclusion: Honduras and Dominican Republic have appealed and consequently a final ruling is still pending. Nonetheless, the decision is so far a recognition under WTO law of a State’s regulatory autonomy to implement the necessary measures on behalf of public health.

Sharīʿa, Sunna, and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter combines ethnography and textual analysis to examine the key concepts of Sharīʿa, Sunna, and ethics. It argues that these concepts can best be understood in terms of the relationship between mind and action, drawing on insights from hermeneutic theory and practice theory. Building on anthropological work in practice theory, the chapter explains how Islamic ethics is a type of virtue ethics. It also explains the place of the Sharīʿa and Sunna in Islamic ethics. Furthermore, it discusses the view of Muslim scholars that proper legal reasoning depends upon ethical living.

Local Authorities and the Burden of Safeguarding Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-852
Author(s):  
Noemia Rute Peres de Bessa Vilela ◽  
José Caramelo Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Constitution ◽  
The Eu

The role of Local Self-Government is essential for the promotion and protection of Human Rights. In the EU, regardless of all States being bind to the same sources of law in such matter, the intervention of the local authorities dependents on the functions to those attributed by the National Constitution.  The engagement with of Human Rights of the local authorities may be looked as an obligation, based on legal reasoning that links the local authorities to the broader State to act. Although the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of human rights rests with the State, the promotion of a human rights culture within local public services plays a vital role in promoting respect for and the realization of human rights in the society.

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

Rapid Critical Point Drying of Tissues in a Parr Bomb

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
C.A. Baechler ◽  
W. C. Pitchford ◽  
J. M. Riddle ◽  
C.B. Boyd ◽  
H. Kanagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Great Stress ◽  
Infiltration Techniques

Preservation of the topographic ultrastructure of soft biological tissues for examination by scanning electron microscopy has been accomplished in the past by using lengthy epoxy infiltration techniques, or dehydration in ethanol or acetone followed by air drying. Since the former technique requires several days of preparation and the latter technique subjects the tissues to great stress during the phase change encountered during air-drying, an alternate rapid, economical, and reliable method of surface structure preservation was developed. Turnbill and Philpott had used a fluorocarbon for the critical point drying of soft tissues and indicated the advantages of working with fluids having both moderately low critical pressures as well as low critical temperatures. Freon-116 (duPont) which has a critical temperature of 19. 7 C and a critical pressure of 432 psi was used in this study.

Three-Dimensional reconstruction of isolated centrosomes by automated electron tomography

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
M.B. Braunfeld ◽  
M. Moritz ◽  
B.M. Alberts ◽  
J.W. Sedat ◽  
D.A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Resolution Model

In animal cells, the centrosome functions as the primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC). As such the centrosome plays a vital role in determining a cell's shape, migration, and perhaps most importantly, its division. Despite the obvious importance of this organelle little is known about centrosomal regulation, duplication, or how it nucleates microtubules. Furthermore, no high resolution model for centrosomal structure exists.We have used automated electron tomography, and reconstruction techniques in an attempt to better understand the complex nature of the centrosome. Additionally we hope to identify nucleation sites for microtubule growth.Centrosomes were isolated from early Drosophila embryos. Briefly, after large organelles and debris from homogenized embryos were pelleted, the resulting supernatant was separated on a sucrose velocity gradient. Fractions were collected and assayed for centrosome-mediated microtubule -nucleating activity by incubating with fluorescently-labeled tubulin subunits. The resulting microtubule asters were then spun onto coverslips and viewed by fluorescence microscopy.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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