Antimicrobial Activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum on Some Selected Clinical Isolates.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I A Ibikunle
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum obtained through cold maceration, were screened for their antibacterial activities against selected multi-drug resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts at concentrations ranging from 100mg/ml to 25mg/ml. The ethanol extract was the most reactive while the aqueous extract showed lesser antibacterial activity. Ofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic in the antibiotic susceptibility profiling of the test organisms. It was however evident that the ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum has higher antibacterial efficacy on the test organisms than Ofloxacin. Bacteriostatic and -cidal activities were exhibited by the plant extracts against the organisms ranging from 25 – 100 × 103 µg/ml. Succinctly, Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses biologically active constituents with explorable pharmacological potentials.

scholarly journals Study and comparison of antibacterial activities of extracts of Zataria multiflora and Teucrium polium on Penibacillus alvei

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
E. REZVANNEJAD ◽  
E. NASIRIFAR ◽  
S. LOTFI ◽  
M. ABDOLINASAB
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Paenibacillus Alvei ◽  
Teucrium Polium

In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol and methanol extracts of Zataria multiflora and Teucrium polium was determined against Paenibacillus alvei by disc diffusion method. Paenibacillus alvei is one secondary bacterium for the European foulbrood disease in honey bee. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. For this, Z. multiflora and T. polium are collected from different areas of Iran then they are dried and extracted in lab. The antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Z. multiflora and T. polium was lower than usual standard antibiotics (P<0.01), but the ethanol and methanol extracts of Z. multiflora at a concentration of 60mg/ml, have inhibitory and lethal effects on P. alvei. Also, 100mg/ml concentrations of ethanol extract of T. polium has inhibitory and lethal effects on this bacterium. But, the no one of used concentrations of its methanol extract has inhibitory and lethal effects. Results indicated that used extracts of Z. multiflora have the higher antibacterial effects than extract of T. polium on Paenibacillus alvei. It can be concluded that regarding the high antibacterial power of Z. multiflora, it is necessity to work on how they can be used in control and treatment of bacterial honey bee diseases.

scholarly journals Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terhadap Salmonella Typhi Resisten Kloramfenikol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ika Trisharyanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

<em><span lang="EN-US">Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, antibiotic chloramphenicol can be use to treatment, but S. typhi resistant with antibiotic choramphenicol so need to alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ten leaves against Salmonella typhi, and knowing the compounds contained in extracts of leaves that have the best antibacterial activity. The leaves was extracted with  ethanol 96% by maceration method. Screening antibacterial activity used disk diffusion method with 10% extract concentration. The best antibacterial activity was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration used liquid dilution method, identification test of compounds with thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC), and bioautografi test. There were six extracts had antibacterial activity against S. Typhi, Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, Acalypha siamensis leaves, cherry leaves, clove leaves, tea leaves, and Eugenia polyantha leaves. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration from clove leaf extract was 2,5%. The results of identification by TLC compounds were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Based on bioautografi test,  phenolic can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.</span></em>

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cobalt(III) Complexes of 4-(2-Substituted Phenylimino)-2-(4-Substituted Phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 2015-2021
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Singh ◽  
Suresh K. Patel ◽  
Asif Jafri
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Paper Disc

A series of eight Co(III) complexes [CoL1-8(H2O)2Cl] (I-1 to I-8) incorporating 4-(2-substituted phenylimino)-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol, as a tridentate imino flavone ligands (L1 to L8, 2-sub. = NH2, SH, 4-sub. = OMe, OH, Cl, NMe2) have been synthesized, characterized and the geometry of the complexes were optimized by DFT. The chemical structure of synthesized imino flavone ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-visible, IR, ESI-mass spectral data, conductometric and magnetic measurements. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities against bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and antifungal activities against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus by paper disc diffusion method. The complexes I-3, I-4, I-7 and I-8 showed good antimicrobial activities against pathogens.

scholarly journals Screening of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Lasimorpha senegalensis for Antibacterial Activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anumudu Obinna H. ◽  
Akaniro Ifunanya R. ◽  
Ofonegbu Mercy N. ◽  
Ibediala John Kennedy C.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Stem Extract

Traditional medicine, though an old practice in disease prophylaxis and therapy, is still widely employed globally to treat various human ailments. In this study conducted at the Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria between October 2018 and January 2019, methanolic and aqueous extracts of an aquatic plant Lasimorpha senegalensis were evaluated for antibacterial activities against human pathogens; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the potency of L. senegalensis against the test organisms at different concentrations. Also, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by tetrazolium chloride microtiter dilution assay. Results showed that; inhibition zone diameters ranging from 0-14 mm for both test organisms using the plant extracts was less than that of the control (septrin and chloramphenicol) ranging from 0-26 mm. MIC ranged from 62.5 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml, lowest MIC was obtained with methanolic stem extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids responsible for the antibacterial activity. Therefore, L. senegalensis should be considered medicinally important as they contain biologically active compounds with curative potentials against infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida Plant Leaves’ Extracts Against Some Selected Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arnaba S Chaity ◽  
Tamanna Nasrin ◽  
Khandker J Ferdouse ◽  
Md. Fazlul Haque ◽  
Md. Asadul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

There is an alternative approach to control the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially resistant bacteria. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial activities of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida plants’ extracts against some selected bacterial strains. K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves were extracted in methanol. In vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against 12 bacterial strains including, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicola, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, and Vibrio rotiferianus. Antimicrobial activities were screened by the disk diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth dilution method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. In antimicrobial screening, both the plant extracts showed highest inhibition (15 mm zone diameter) against S. gallinarum at the concentration of 20 μg/disk and 15 μg/disk, respectively. In the MIC test, both K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves’ extracts showed the lowest MIC value of 100 μg/ml on V. rotiferianus and S. iniae, respectively. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the extracts may be used as a natural antibacterial agent for the treatment of some bacterial diseases. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients are warranted.

Antimicrobial activities of Dillenia indica Linn. (Dilleniaceae) and Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceae) extracts on selected pathogenic organisms.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
N, Ezeoku ◽  
◽  
O. Fakayode ◽  
O. Aina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dillenia Indica

Background: The prevalence of increasing bacterial resistance against antibacterial agents in the past decade has spurred the search for substitutes. This necessitates the need to identify new compounds as alternatives to common synthetic antimicrobial compounds. Objectives: To establish and evaluate the antimicrobial potentials of Dillenia indica and Spondias mombin against strains of some selected pathogens. Method: Concentrations of the extract (methanol and dichloromethane) were prepared and the susceptibility of the test organisms to the antimicrobial effect of the plant extracts was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Various culture media were used for this experiment and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. Results: Extracts of D. indica fruit, leaves and stembark as well as S. mombin leaf and stembark showed significant antimicrobial activity. Activity was dose dependent and the methanol extracts had better and wider activity than the dichloromethane extracts. Spondias mombin bark had the greatest activity against most of the test organisms while the positive control drugs had better activity than the extracts. Conclusion: The leaves and stembark of Spondias mombin and the leaves, fruit and stembark of Dillenia indica have antimicrobial properties thus justifying their ethnopharmacological use in prevention and treatment of infections.

Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts of Apocynum venetum Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2544-2547
Author(s):  
Ming Hua Li ◽  
Guang Ting Han ◽  
Yuan Ming Zhang ◽  
Jian Yong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Bacillus Lentus ◽  
Apocynum Venetum

The total content of flavonoids of extracts of Apocynum venetum (AV) fibers were determined by UV spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activities of AV extracts were also tested using agar plate diffusion method. The results showed that the total content of flavonoids of extracts of AV fibers was 0.76 mg/g. The ethanol extract of AV fibers were partitioned by EtOH, n-BuOH and H2O. Each part was screened for antibacterial activities. The EtOH faction of extract was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccus edidernidis,Bacillus lentus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The fractions of n-BuOH and H2O did not show any inhibitory effect on the tested bacterial and fungi. The present work is the foundation for further isolating and purifying the bioactive components in AV fibers.

Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Analyses of Sida acuta Leaf Extracts on Selected Wound Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausat Abimbola Jimoh ◽  
Wakili Tope Aborisade
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds

Medicinal plants have been intensively screened for their bioactivity in order to treat various diseases in human. This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Sida acuta leaf extracts against selected wound microbes. The plant extracts were obtained sequentially using n-hexane, aqueous and acetone respectively in order of increasing polarity. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar-well diffusion method. The sensitivity of the test organisms to the extracts was represented by zones of inhibitions (mm) at different concentrations. There was corresponding increase in the zones of inhibitions (mm) on the test organisms as the concentration of the extracts increased from 64 mg/ml – 512 mg/ml. Among the plant extracts, the aqueous extract of Sida acuta leaf revealed significantly higher zones of inhibitions (mm) from 7.50±2.12 - 25.00±1.40 on all isolates. This was closely followed by the acetone extract while the n-hexane extract produced the lowest zones of inhibitions (mm) on all the test organisms except for Acinetobacter baumannii which has 9.80±0.42 at the concentration of 512 mg/ml. Results obtained on the phytochemical analyses of the aqueous and acetone extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Hence, the antimicrobial effects of Sida acuta leaf extracts has been revealed in this study, therefore its controlled use should be encouraged in the treatment of wounds and other infections caused by these microorganisms.   Keywords: Antimicrobial properties, Isolates, Phytochemical analyses, Sida acuta

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations on various parts of Sida acuta Burm. f.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Chinelo A. Ezeabara ◽  
◽  
Miracle O. Egenti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Of Significance

Sida acuta Burm. f. belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae. The study investigated the quantitative phytochemical contents and in vitro antimicrobial activities of S. acuta at different concentrations using standard techniques. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for the absolute concentrations were determined by Agar well diffusion method. Test of significance was measured using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. There were presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, cardiac glycosides, terpenoid, anthraquinone and steroid in the leaf, stem and root of the plant at varying levels. Alkaloid at 2.31±0.03mg/100g was the highest and it was detected in the leaf. All the plant parts exhibited inhibitory activities against all the test organisms but were dose-dependent. At 500 mg/ml, the leaf extract gave highest inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus varians, Candida albicans while the root extract gave highest inhibition of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus flavus. Findings of this study, therefore, showed that all parts of S. acuta, particularly the leaf and the root, possessed antimicrobial properties which can be pharmaceutically harnessed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gynandropsis gynandra on some Pathogenic Enteric Bacterial Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Gynandropsis Gynandra

Plants contain many biologically active compounds that have potential for development as medicinal agents. The study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Gynandropsis gynandra (leaves and stem) and its major bioactive constituents (phytochemicals). The aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem of the plant was tested using well Diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against some members Enterobacteriales family (Escherichia coli, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp and Salmonella typhi) isolated from diarrheic stool sample from Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital, Kano. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that both stem and leaf extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoid, Anthraquinones, reducing sugar, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resin and phenols. The result shows that the extracts demonstrated higher antibacterial activity against the isolates tested with the average zone of inhibition of 16.60 mm, 16.54 mm, 14.73 mm and 13.95 mm for Shigella sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp and S. typhi respectively. The result also demonstrated that leaf extract is more effective than the stem extract. The ethanolic extracts of the plant showed higher zones of inhibition against test organisms (17.74 mm) compared to aqueous extracts (13.15 mm). There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms tested against the extracts at p

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