Antinociceptive activities with the possible mechanisms of action of hydroethanol leaf extract of Eclipta prostrata Hassk (Astraceae) in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 036-044
Author(s):  
Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje ◽  
Odunayo New Year Ashimolowo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Channel Opening ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Eclipta prostrata belongs to the family of plants known as Astraceae. It is a species of plant in the sunflower family, popularly known as "false daisy" in English. The whole plant contains the alkaloids nicotine and ecliptine; and used locally for treating bruises, cuts, wounds, liver disorders and pain, among others. This study investigated the analgesic activities of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Eclipta prostrata in rodents, using standard laboratory protocols. Doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg were separately administered via oral route to the animals used in the various models - acetic acid-induced mouse writhing test, formalin - induced pain, hot plate-induced pain, and tail clip test. The effect of the extract was comparable to that produced by peripheral analgesics like aspirin and centrally acting analgesics like morphine used as positive control in the various models employed. The mechanism of action was elucidated through pre-treatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (1mg/kg), ondasetron (0.2 mg/kg), atropine (2 mg/kg), glibenclamide (2 mg/kg). The extract activity was significant in all the models employed; however, it was more intense via the peripheral than the central pathway. Glibenclamide and atropine antagonized the activity of the decoction, which suggests that the herbal drug’s antinociceptive effect is mediated via potassium ion channel opening and cholinergic receptor. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, phlobatanins, steroids, cardiac glycoside, and which probably contributed to the analgesic activity of the extract.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial, Hepatic and Nephritic Effects of Fractions of Methanol Leaf Extract of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tayo Micheal Anjuwon ◽  
Oluwafemi Abiodun Adepoju ◽  
Olufemi Adewale Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Positive Control Serum

This study evaluated the antiplasmodial, hepatic and nephritic effects of fractions of Glyphaea brevis methanol leaf extract in P. berghei infected mice. Mice weighing between 15-30 g were infested intraperitoneally with 0.2ml plasmodium infected blood and left for 3 hours before treatment. Infected test groups were treated via oral route of administration with varying doses (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of ethylacetate, N-butanol and residual aqueous portion fractions of the Glyphaea brevis methanol extract and Artemisinin (5 mg/kg b.wt) for four days. N-butanol fraction showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (76.64%), followed by residual aqueous portion (73.25%) and ethylacetate (72.99%); Artemisinin has 86.13%. Serum bilirubin (total and conjugated) concentrations of the untreated group (0.82 ± 0.20, 0.51 ± 0.12) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in the infected group treated with 300 mg/kg of the residual aqueous portion (1.36 ± 0.20, 0.76 ± 0.05) respectively. Serum albumin levels showed significant (P<0.05) increase in all the groups treated compared to the positive control. Serum total protein, urea and creatinine levels of test groups were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the positive control group. Conclusively, Glyphaea brevis has substantial antiplasmodial activity and could provide a lead for new antimalarial drug development.

In vitro Anthelminthic Activity of Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Bush mint) on Ascaris suum.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
O. S Salami
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Anthelminthic Activity ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens

Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in areas with poor hygiene and low standard of living in tropical countries. Hyptis suaveolens is been used traditionally around the world for various ailments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant on the three life cycle stages of Ascaris suum synonymous to Ascaris lumbricoides. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was evaluated. The in-vitro anthelminthic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens on the egg hatchability and larva inhibition of Ascaris suum were assessed using Bizimenyara inhibition method, where 100 eggs were counted and incubated in 5 different plate-wells containing positive control, negative control and 3 concentrations (50, 70 and 100 mg/ml) of extract. The plate wells were brought out after incubation and content examined under the microscope. The effect of the methanolic leaf extract and pyrantel pamoate on cuticle peeling, motility and mortality were evaluated using adult worms. The egg hatchability and larval development after incubation for 48 h and 21 days significantly (p<0.05 for both) inhibited with 98% unhatched eggs and 95% undeveloped larva of A. suum respectively. There was significant (p<0.05) visible peeling of cuticles, reduced motility and mortality of the adult worms after 30, 12 and 80 minutes respectively. It can be concluded that H. suaveolens has anthelminthic activity on A. suum which may be attributed to some of the phytochemical constituents.

scholarly journals The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of proteins extracted from Acacia farnesiana seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S.S. LEAL ◽  
R.O. SILVA ◽  
T.S.L. ARAUJO ◽  
V.G. SILVA ◽  
A.L.R. BARBOSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Analgesic Activities

ABSTRACT Seeds of Acacia farnesiana are commonly sold in the local markets of northeastern Brazil as a therapeutic agent. The present work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of proteins obtained from A. farnesiana seeds. Five different protein fractions (albumin, globulin, prolamin, acidic and basic glutelins) were obtained and investigated for the protein pattern, the presence of hemagglutinating and proteolytic activities. The globulin fraction (GLB) was also evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Globulins reduced the paw edema induced by carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied by a reduction of myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.05). Additionally, GLB reduced the neutrophil peritoneal migration induced by carrageenan. However, GLB was not able to inhibit the edema triggered by dextran. Pre-treatment with globulins reduced the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid as well as the paw licking time induced by formalin (69.1% at first phase). However, it did not produce a significant antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test (55-56 °C). Treating the GLB with heat (at 100 °C for 30 min) abolished its anti-edematogenic and hemagglutinating activities. Our results showed that seeds from A. farnesiana are a source of proteins with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yanna Rotua Sihombing ◽  
Debi Dinha Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Hypersensitivity Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.

Isolation of an Anti-fatigue Preparation from Cellulase-treated Maca by Hydroalcoholic Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Zhang Wen-Cheng ◽  
Wu Ze-Yu ◽  
Fu Chuan-Xiang ◽  
Gao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of maca hydroalcoholic extract (ME), which mainly contains macamides and polysaccharides. ME was prepared by circumfluence extraction with enzymatic pre-treatment. Anti-fatigue activity of ME was investigated in weight-loaded forced swimming mice, with pure macamides and commercially available maca tablet as positive control. Compared with normal group, pure macamides treatment group could prolong the swimming time to exhaustion, but there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); while ME (middle-dose and high-dose groups) could effectively prolong the swimming durations (P < 0.05). Supplementation with pure macamides significantly decreased blood lactic acid (BLA), whereas ME significantly increased hepatic glycogen (HG), decreased BLA, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with those in normal control (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of ME was better than that of pure macamides, which can be explained by the increase of glycogen storage and the reduction of metabolites accumulation.

scholarly journals Aristolochia trilobata: Identification of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dayana da Costa Salomé ◽  
Natália de Morais Cordeiro ◽  
Tayná Sequeira Valério ◽  
Darlisson de Alexandria Santos ◽  
Péricles Barreto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Skin Affection ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Aristolochia trilobata, popularly known as “mil-homens,” is widely used for treatment of stomach aches, colic, asthma, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and skin affection. We evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil (EO) and the main constituent, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate (sulcatyl acetate, SA). EO and SA (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated using chemical (formalin-induced licking) and thermal (hot-plate) models of nociception or inflammation (carrageenan-induced cell migration into the subcutaneous air pouch, SAP). The mechanism of antinociceptive activity was evaluated using opioid, cholinergic receptor antagonists (naloxone and atropine), or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). EO and SA presented a central antinociceptive effect (the hot-plate model). In formalin-induced licking response, higher doses of EO and SA also reduced 1st and 2nd phases. None of the antagonists and enzyme inhibitor reversed antinociceptive effects. EO and SA reduced the leukocyte migration into the SAP, and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 (TNF-α and IL-1β, respectively) produced in the exudate. Our results are indicative that EO and SA present peripheral and central antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Development of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Emulsion Formulations in Controlling Gray Mold Disease on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff ◽  
Farah Farhanah Haron ◽  
Norhayu Asib ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Emulsion Formulation

Postharvest fruits including tomatoes are commonly infected by gray mold disease resulting in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. Therefore, this study aimed to develop botanical fungicide derived from Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract to control gray mold on tomato. The emulsion formulation containing surfactant, oil carrier and water was optimized at different non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside surfactants through eleven combinations of oil to surfactant ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 and 10:0 w/w). From eight selected formulations, two formulations, F5 and F7 showed stable in storage, remarkable thermodynamic stability, smaller particle size (66.44 and 139.63 nm), highly stable in zeta potential (−32.70 and −31.70 mV), low in polydispersity index (0.41 and 0.40 PdI), low in viscosity (4.20 and 4.37 cP) and low in surface tension (27.62 and 26.41 mN/m) as compared to other formulations. In situ antifungal activity on tomato fruits showed F5 formulation had a fungicidal activity against B. cinerea with zero disease incidence and severity, whereas F7 formulation reduced 62.5% disease incidence compared to a positive control with scale 1. Based on these findings, F5 formulation exhibited pronounced antifungal activity and may contribute to the development of new and safe antifungal product against gray mold on tomato.

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