scholarly journals EMPREGO DA DIMENSÃO FRACTAL PARA SEPARAR CLASSES DE TEXTURA PRESENTES NUMA AEROFOTO DA CIDADE DE PORTO ALEGRE

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Hirã Arruda Martins ◽  
Robin Thomas Clarke ◽  
Vitor Haertel
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aerial Photograph ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Triangular Prism ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Spatial Attributes

Neste estudo, é investigada a utilização de uma medida chamada dimensão fractal para fins de classificação de imagens digitais. A dimensão fractal é capaz de quantificar as características espaciais das superfícies geradas a partir das imagens de sensoriamento remoto, especialmente a textura destas superfícies. Os valores de dimensão fractal são calculados pixel a pixel, segundo o método dos Prismas Triangu-lares e posteriormente organizados num formato matricial ou raster, em uma estrutura similar a uma ima-gem digital, podendo ser denominados de bandas fractais. Estas bandas fractais podem ser utilizadas de forma semelhante às tradicionais bandas espectrais em classificadores convencionais. Esta hipótese foi testada com uma aerofoto digitalizada da cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. Observou-se que as imagens fractais, embora apresentem qualidade visual inferior, proporcionam maior separabilidade entre as classes presentes e possibilitam a obtenção de índices de acerto maiores nas classificações, quando comparadas com a imagem espectral. USE OF FRACTAL DIMENSION TO SEPARATE TEXTURAL CLASSES IN AN AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OF THE CITY OF PORTO ALEGRE Abstract Interest is currently growing in the use of spatial attributes for automatic classification of digital images, as is clearly demonstrated by the increasing number of scientific papers on the topic. The reason for this interest is that some classes in natural scenes are not easily distinguished by the spectral features (urban areas, for instance). Urban areas, in particular, are better defined by spatial attributes, such as texture. This research explores the use of fractal dimension to characterize and separate textural classes present in an aerial photograph of Porto Alegre, capital city of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The fractal dimension can be considered as a measure of the spatial complexity of surfaces generated from remotely-sensed images and it is calculated here over moving windows with 7x7 and 9x9 pixels, using the Triangular Prism method. By using a moving window, it was possible to organise the data in a format similar to that used in spectral bands, thus obtaining fractal-dimension bands, which were converted to digital counter values (between 0 and 255). The Bhattacharya distance was used to estimate the separability between pairs of classes, and Gaussian maximum likelihood was used to classify pixels in the images composed of both fractal and spectral bands. The stronger differentiation between classes, together with the high percentage of successes in test samples, shows that the fractal approach can be useful in automatic classification procedures and in situations where the spectral information alone is not sufficient to distinguish the classes successfully.

scholarly journals Uso do solo e dinâmica de conflitos, na bacia do Rio dos Sinos - municípios de Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo e São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Robaina ◽  
Adriano Severo Figueró ◽  
Sandro Sidnei Vargas de Cristo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Advance Production

The regional occupation has its origin dating back to the start of German immigration. The European settlers that arrived from the state of Rio Grande do Sul brought with them relatively more advance production techniques. Thus, there was rapid regional economic growth, based on agricultural products supplying Porto Alegre, the state's capital city. Capital accumulation in the region brought about industrialization which was also linked to the development of cattle raising activities due to abundance of laborpower and related raw materials. Urban occupation was divided in three categories, according to their intensity: high, medium and low as determined by building patterns, urban equipment and available services Non-urban areas are considered as being latent urban development grounds. Both the small farms used primarily for leisure activities and those with some agricultural and cattle raising activities seem to have little future.

The City of Oslo in Jan Erik Vold’s Poems

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Raluca-Daniela Duinea
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Social Critical ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

"The City of Oslo in Jan Erik Vold’s Poems. The aim of this paper is to examine, from a cultural and social perspective, the Norwegian urban areas and everyday situations in Jan Erik Vold’s (b. 1939) poems. Our close-reading technique reveals important social aspects, different places and streets, located in the capital city of Norway, Oslo. These urban poems written by the contemporary Norwegian poet Jan Erik Vold contribute to the reconstruction of a new Norwegian cultural identity as it is reflected in a selection of poems taken from Mor Godhjertas glade versjon. Ja (Mother Goodhearted’s Happy Version. Yes, 1968), followed by the poet’s wanderings in the city of Oslo in En som het Abel Ek (One Named Abel Ek, 1988), and concluding with his bitter social criticism in Elg (Moose, 1989) and IKKE. Skillingstrykk fra nittitallet (Not: Broadsides from the Nineties, 1993). Vold’s urban poems emphasise the transition from nyenkle (new simple), friendly and descriptive poems which present closely the city of Oslo on foot, to short, political and social critical poems from the 90s. Thus, it is of great importance to traverse various urban ‘landscapes’ in different periods of time, beginning with the 1960s, followed by the 80s and the 90s. Keywords: Jan Erik Vold, urban poems, social criticism, Norwegian urban areas, the city of Oslo "

scholarly journals Parasites of Zoonotic Interest Detected in Felis catus domesticus in Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ballatore Holland Lins ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Cavalheiros Dorval ◽  
Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes ◽  
Ana Paula Antunes Nogueira ◽  
Eduardo de Castro Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Interactions between humans and animals can be considerably beneficial to human well-being, and the demand for domestic cats as pets has increased in recent years. Despite these benefits, however, cats may  contribute to environmental dissemination of zoonotic pathogens, with potential risks to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of feline parasites of zoonotic interest in Campo Grande, the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Midwestern Brazil, where studies on feline parasitic fauna remain scarce. Fecal samples from 210 male and female cats of varying ages, sheltered at the local Center for Zoonosis Control, were examined. Spontaneous and ether centrifugal sedimentation were used to detect the parasites, found in 149 animals (71.0%), 93 (62.4%) of which were infected with a single parasitic species and 56 (37.6%) with two or more species. Ten parasitic species were detected, where Ancylostoma sp. was the most frequent (65.2%), followed by Platynosomum concinnum (21.0%), Cystoisospora sp. (7.1%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (1.9%), Strongyloides sp. (1.9%), Dipylidium caninum (1.4%), Giardia sp. (1.0%), Toxocara sp. (1.0%), Physaloptera praeputialis (1.0%), and Sarcocystis sp. (0.5%). The results obtained are relevant to human and veterinary public health policies and demonstrate the cats’ role in the transmission chain of parasitic zoonoses, particularly in urban areas. The findings can also serve to raise awareness among veterinarians and cat owners on the importance of preventive interventions to ensure healthier cohabitation with pets by reducing human exposure to cat borne parasites in urban areas.   Keywords: Zoonoses. Felines. Helminths. Protozoa. One Health. Resumo As interações entre humanos e animais podem ser consideravelmente benéficas para o bem-estar humano, e a demanda por gatos domésticos como animais de estimação aumentou nos últimos anos. Apesar desses benefícios, no entanto, os gatos podem contribuir para a disseminação ambiental de patógenos zoonóticos, com riscos potenciais para a saúde humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência e diversidade de parasitos de interesse zoonótico em felinos de Campo Grande, capital do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, onde estudos sobre a fauna parasitária felina permanecem escassos. Foram examinadas amostras fecais de 210 gatos machos e fêmeas de idades variadas, abrigados no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses local. Sedimentação espontânea e sedimentação por centrifugação em éter foram utilizadas para detectar os parasitos, encontrados em 149 animais (71,0%), 93 (62,4%) dos quais foram infectados com uma única espécie parasitária e 56 (37,6%) com duas ou mais espécies. Foram detectadas dez espécies parasitárias, sendo Ancylostoma sp. o mais frequente (65,2%), seguido por Platynosomum concinnum (21,0%), Cystoisospora sp. (7,1%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (1,9%), Strongyloides sp. (1,9%), Dipylidium caninum (1,4%), Giardia sp. (1,0%), Toxocara sp. (1,0%), Physaloptera praeputialis (1,0%) e Sarcocystis sp. (0,5%). Os resultados obtidos são relevantes para as políticas de saúde pública humana e veterinária e demonstram o papel dos gatos na cadeia de transmissão das zoonoses parasitárias, principalmente nas áreas urbanas. As descobertas também podem servir para conscientizar os veterinários e donos de gatos da importância de intervenções preventivas para garantir uma coabitação mais saudável com animais de estimação, reduzindo a exposição humana a parasitos transmitidos por gatos em áreas urbanas.   Palavras-chave:  Zoonoses. Felinos. Helmintos. Protozoários. Saúde Única.

scholarly journals Housing Resources and Needs in Light of Modern Urban Transformations: the Case of Poznan

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Sławomir Palicki
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Urban Transformations

Abstract Polish cities have been at the stage of a dynamic suburban development for over a decade (which has led to the phenomenon of urban sprawl beyond any control). The population of big urban areas, together with their agglomerations is continuously increasing; however, migration tendencies towards suburban areas are strong as well. In such a situation, the question arises regarding the possibilities and the methods of suppressing the outflow of people to the neighboring communities, and once again, making the city an attractive place to live. The attempt to explain such an issue requires research into both the housing infrastructure and its inhabitants. Poznan has been severely affected by suburbanization. The diagnosis and assessment of Poznan housing resources and the preferences of its inhabitants are the starting point for taking further steps in making the housing conditions more attractive. The article shows the initial results of widespread research regarding housing in the capital city of the Wielkopolska Province (comprising over 2,500 households). A similar study for the entire agglomeration (Poznan County) is due to be completed soon. It will allow for a comparative analysis and formulating recommendations regarding the conditions and the direction of changes on the real estate market which would increase the attractiveness of central cities suffering from suburbanization. In a wider context, the publication might be seen as an analysis of one of the elements of modern urban changes, such as either market driven, or free and spontaneous processes of urban sprawl, and conscious actions taken by local governments (together with developers) regarding the integrated urban revitalization policy.

scholarly journals Urban greenhouse gas emissions from the Berlin area: A case study using airborne CO2 and CH4 in situ observations in summer 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Klausner ◽  
Mariano Mertens ◽  
Heidi Huntrieser ◽  
Michal Galkowski ◽  
Gerrit Kuhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mixing Ratios

<p>Urban areas are recognised as a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). The total amount of urban GHG emissions, especially for CH<sub>4</sub>, however, is not well quantified. Here we report on airborne in situ measurements using a Picarro G1301-m analyser aboard the DLR Cessna Grand Caravan to study GHG emissions downwind of the German capital city Berlin. In total, five aircraft-based mass balance experiments were conducted in July 2018 within the Urban Climate Under Change [UC]<sup>2</sup> project. The detection and isolation of the Berlin plume was often challenging because of comparatively small GHG signals above variable atmospheric background concentrations. However, on July 20<sup>th</sup> enhancements of up to 4 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> and 21 ppb CH<sub>4</sub> were observed over a horizontal extent of roughly 45 to 65 km downwind of Berlin. These enhanced mixing ratios are clearly distinguishable from the background and can partly be assigned to city emissions. The estimated CO<sub>2</sub> emission flux of 1.39 ± 0.75 t s<sup>-1 </sup>is in agreement with current inventories, while the CH<sub>4</sub> emission flux of 5.20 ± 1.61 kg s<sup>-1</sup> is almost two times larger than the highest reported value in the inventories. We localized the source area with HYSPLIT trajectory calculations and the high resolution numerical model MECO(n) (down to ~1 km), and investigated the contribution from sewage-treatment plants and waste deposition to CH<sub>4</sub>, which are treated differently by the emission inventories. Our work highlights the importance of a) strong CH<sub>4</sub> sources in the surroundings of Berlin and b) a detailed knowledge of GHG inflow mixing ratios to suitably estimate emission rates.</p>

scholarly journals URBAN GROWTH AND WATER QUALITY IN THIMPHU, BHUTAN

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandu Giri ◽  
O. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data

Detailed study was undertaken in 2008 and 2009 on assessment of water quality of River Wang Chhu which flows through Thimphu urban area, the capital city of Bhutan. The water samples were examined at upstream of urban area, within the urban area and its downstream. The water samples were analyzed by studying the physico-chemical, biological and benthic macro-invertebrates. The water quality data obtained during present study are discussed in relation to land use/land cover changes(LULC) and various ongoing human activities at upstream, within the each activity areas and it’s downstream. Analyses of satellite imagery of 1990 and 2008 using GIS revealed that over a period of eighteen years the forest, scrub and agricultural areas have decreased whereas urban area and road network have increased considerably. The forest cover, agriculture area and scrub decreased from 43.3% to 42.57%, 6.88% to 5.33% and 42.55% to 29.42%, respectively. The LULC changes effect water quality in many ways. The water temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, total coliform, and biological oxygen demand were lower at upstream and higher in urban area. On the other hand dissolved oxygen was found higher at upstream and lower in urban area. The pollution sensitive benthic macro-invertebrates population were dominant at upstream sampling sites whereas pollution tolerant benthic macro-invertebrates were found abundant in urban area and its immediate downstream. The rapid development of urban infrastructure in Thimphu city may be posing serious threats to water regime in terms of its quality. Though the deterioration of water quality is restricted to a few localized areas, the trend is serious and needs proper attention of policy planners and decision makers. Proper treatment of effluents from urban areas is urgently needed to reduce water pollution in such affected areas to check further deterioration of water quality. This present study which is based on upstream, within urban area and downstream of Thimphu city can be considered as an eye opener.

scholarly journals A CRIANÇA QUE ESCUTA NA PROFESSORA QUE GINGA:

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 562-579
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Knowledge Mobilization ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Social Mediation ◽  
Black Teacher ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Black Educator ◽  
South Brazil

O artigo analisa a trajetória de uma professora negra na periferia de uma capital do sul do Brasil e tem como objetivo explicitar como valores e memórias de uma certa formação étnico-racial podem influir no processo de “tornar-se professora”. O estudo se baseia em uma entrevista direta, realizada durante a atividade de uma disciplina de um curso de pós-graduação e tem como instrumental teórico-metodologico a autobiografia, concebida como uma ‘tipologia das mediações sociais” (NÓDOA e FINGER, 1988), construída a partir de “saberes distintos” (TARDIF, 2002). Recorremos, ainda, aos conceitos de Conscientização em FREIRE (1979) e outras referências em J. CANDAU e M.C. PASSEGI. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Autobiografia, Saberes, Práticas.   THE CHILD’S LISTENING TO THE TEACHER’S GINGA STYLE: the knowledge mobilization of a black educator from the outskirts of Porto Alegre on "becoming a teacher" ABSTRACT This article analyzes the pathway of a black teacher from a capital city in South Brazil and aims to explain how memories and values of a certain ethnic- racial education may influence the “becoming a teacher” process. The study, carried out during a postgraduate course activity, is based on a direct interview and its theoretical and methodological tool is autobiography, which was conceived as “typology of social mediation”(NÓDOA e FINGER,1988) and built from “distinct knowledge”(TARDIF, 2002). We have yet used the Critical Consciousness approach by Freire (1979) and other references in. Candau and M.C. PASSEGI. KEYWORDS Autobiography, Knowledge, Practices.

Rejecting Ethnic Pandering in Urban Africa: A Survey Experiment on Voter Preferences in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110405
Author(s):  
Hye-Sung Kim ◽  
Jeremy Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Urban Africa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Ethnic pandering, in which candidates promise to cater to the interests of coethnic voters, is presumed to be an effective strategy for increasing electoral support in Africa’s emerging multiethnic democracies. However, ethnic political mobilization may be disdained by citizens for its divisive and polarizing effects, particularly in urban areas. As a result, pandering may fall on deaf ears among Africa’s urban voters. This study examines how voters in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, respond to ethnic pandering using data from a vignette experiment conducted in 2015 and a replication study implemented in 2016. Results show that respondents are more supportive of candidates who make ethnically inclusive rather than targeted appeals, regardless of whether the candidate is identified as a coethnic. We propose that the results are driven by a broad distaste among urban voters for parochial politics, rather than by strategic calculations related to candidate viability.

Multiple Dimensions of Impoverishment in Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hosnieh Mahoozi ◽  
Jeurgen Meckl
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Dimensions

Concerning the demands of Sen’s (1984) Capability Approach to the assessment of human well-being, we estimate multidimensional poverty and compare the results with traditional measures of income poverty in Iran. We detect poverty in urban and rural Iran over 1999-2007, a period with relatively high GDP growth. The results reveal that the pace of income poverty reduction is much faster than the pace of multidimensional poverty alleviation. The pace of poverty reduction is much slower in rural areas than in urban areas and the capital city, Tehran. Hence, inequality between rural and urban areas increased over the time. We also show how policymakers may benefit from applying the multidimensional approach in targeting the subgroups by the most deprived aspects.

Enslaved in Porto Alegre

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
João José Reis ◽  
Flávio dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Marcus J. M. de Carvalho ◽  
H. Sabrina Gledhill
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Police Chief ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
The City ◽  
At Home

In 1831, Rufino’s young master, an army cadet, took him to the province of Rio Grande do Sul, where he was sold to a merchant from the capital city of Porto Alegre. When his new master went bankrupt, Rufino was auctioned and bought by the police chief of the province. He worked as a cook at home and probably as a hire-out worker in the streets as well. Rio Grande received scores of slaves imported from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1819, 30 percent of Porto Alegre’s population were slaves. As the city grew, daily conflicts between slaves and the police and maroon activity became a major problem.

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