scholarly journals TRABALHOS DE CAMPO NAS DISCIPLINAS DE GEOLOGIA INTRODUTÓRIA: CURSOS DE GEOGRAFIA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto SCORTEGAGNA
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Geology ◽  
Field Works

A pesquisa busca analisar as atividades de campo na disciplina de Geologia Introdutória nos cursos de Geografia no Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com os professores responsáveis pela disciplina, nas instituições de ensino que mantêm o curso de Geografia no Estado. A análise dos resultados possibilitou caracterizar a prática dos professores nas atividades de campo, desde a preparação até a execução, além de constatar as diferentes visões de ensino dos diferentes profissionais que atuam nesta disciplina. Os depoimentos dos professores foram examinados a partir de duas categorias de análise: as características das saídas de campo e as concepções sobre a disciplina de Geologia Introdutória. A análise demonstrou que não há diferenças significativas entre os professores no que diz respeito aos trabalhos realizados em campo, independentemente da formação, titulação e instituição onde atuam. As diversas alternativas de trabalhos de campo ainda estão distantes da prática da maioria dos professores, que optam por atividades voltadas ao reconhecimento no campo de conteúdos desenvolvidos em sala de aula. Entretanto, revelaram-se duas concepções distintas quanto ao papel da disciplina no curso e os conteúdos que deve abranger: a visão do professor geólogo e a visão do professor geógrafo. Em que pese tais diferenças, as concepções de ambos os profissionais não são, de modo geral, compatíveis com as características e conteúdos dos trabalhos de campo que promovem. Fieldwork on the Courses of Introductory Geology: Courses of Geography in the State of Paraná Abstract The research aims at analyzing the activities of field in courses of Introductory Geology in the Geography Schools in the State of the Paraná. The data had been collected by means of interviews with the responsible professors for the course, in the educational institutions that keep the course of Geography in the State. The analysis of the results made possible to characterize the practical one of the professors in the activities of field, since the red tape until the execution, besides evidencing the different visions of education of the different professionals who act in this discipline. The professors ´ interviews were examined from two categories of analysis: the features of the field outputs and the conceptions in courses of Introductory Geology. The analysis demonstrated that there aren´t significant differences between the two kinds of professors in respect to the works carried through in field, independently of the formation, titulation and institution where they work . The diverse alternatives of field works are still distant from the practical one of the majority of the professors, who choose activities directed to the recognition in the field of contents developed in classroom. However, two conceptions had different views concerning the role of the subject in the Geography course and the contents that it must contain: the vision of both geology and geography professors. In spite of these differences, the conceptions of both the professionals are not, generally speaking, compatible with the features and contents of the field works that promote.

Shariʿa and State in the Modern Muslim Middle East

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The Islamic shariʿa is central to Islam in the minds of most Muslims and non-Muslim scholars. In many ways, the centrality of the Islamic shariʿa has increased in recent decades. Yet despite—or perhaps because of—this centrality, the precise, even the general, role of the shariʿa in Islamic societies is the subject of contentious debate among Muslims. Outside of and underlying such debates are more subtle and rarely articulated differences about the meaning of the Islamic shariʿa. In this essay, I will put forward a general intellectual map for those varying meanings. More critically, I will suggest that important shifts in the meaning of the Islamic shariʿa have taken place in the Muslim world, and that these shifts are closely connected to the nature and viability of legal and educational institutions associated with the Islamic shariʿa in the past. As the Islamic shariʿa has become disconnected from these institutions, its meaning has changed in some fundamental ways. Most important, the shariʿa is approached less for its process than for its content. And because the shift in institutions and understanding has received much less attention from Muslims, widespread attempts to re-create older relationships (particularly involving the relationship between the Islamic shariʿa and the state) in fact involve a deepening rather than a counteracting of the transformation in the Islamic shariʿa.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI BLORA TENTANG DUALISME KEPENGURUSAN YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM KARTAYUDA YANG AKTA PENDIRIANNYA DIBUAT OLEH DAN DIHADAPAN NOTARIS (Studi Kasus Putusan Perkara PN Blora No. 34/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bla)

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Muslim Ansori ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Right

With the enactment of the Education System Act no 20 of 2003 (better known as the Sisdiknas Act), the State has determined that educational institutions should have a legal umbrella in the form of a legal entity, or better known as the Legal Entity Education. As a non-profit organization, the Foundation is the right legal entity that becomes a place for educational institutions, especially private schools. Therefore, of course, Notary has a very crucial role in making notary deed in the form of establishment and deed of change, such as example how in making the right basic budget and not multi interpresatasi for stake holders in the foundation. Therefore, the role of function and authority of the organ of the foundation must be clearly stated in the articles of association, so as not to cause a dispute in the future.KEYWORDS: Notaries, Foundation, Organ Foundation,

Human Rights Activities as a Function of the Prosecutor’s Office

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
K.N. Golikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law

The subject of this article is the problems of the nature, essence and purpose of prosecutorial activity. The purpose of the article is to study and justify the role of the human rights function in prosecutorial activities in the concept of a modern legal state. At the heart of prosecutorial activity is the implementation of the main function of the Prosecutor’s office – its rights and freedoms, their protection. This means that any type (branch) of Prosecutor's supervision is permeated with human rights content in relation to a citizen, society, or the state. This is confirmed by the fact that the Federal law “On the Prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation” establishes an independent type of Prosecutor's supervision-supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. It is argued that the legislation enshrines the human rights activities of the Prosecutor's office as its most important function. It is proposed to add this to the Law “On the Prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation”.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Socio-cultural Development of the Yakut Region in the Second Half of XIX – Early XX Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Agrafena Innokentyevna Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
State Educational

Based on archival documents and previously pub-lished materials, an attempt is made to show the role of the pre-revolutionary education system in the socio-cultural development of the Yakut region. Si-beria was a place of exile for a long time and the state was in no hurry to develop education here. But the liberal reforms of 1860–1870 created the prereq-uisites for the development of the education system. The paper shows the formation and development of educational institutions in the region, provides in-formation on the number of schools and the number of students. The role of political exiles in raising the general cultural level of the local population is also revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Yakut region, thanks to the state educational policy on education of foreign suburbs and public initiative, primary and then secondary educational institutions begin to open, which have had a signifi-cant impact on the socio-cultural life of the region.

ARBITRARY WITHHOLDING OF CONSENT TO HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN SITUATIONS OF DISASTER

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandesh Sivakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
The Subject

AbstractFollowing a large-scale disaster, such as a major earthquake, tsunami or cyclone, tens of thousands of persons are often displaced, suffer from food shortages and in need of medical assistance. In situations in which the State affected by the disaster does not meet the needs of the affected persons itself, humanitarian assistance from outside the State might be required. This article considers the role of consent to external humanitarian assistance on the part of the affected State. As there is no single overarching treaty in the area of humanitarian assistance in situations of disaster, the article explores the role of consent in the various disaster-specific, subject-specific and region-specific treaties as well as in the soft law instruments in the area. Although the instruments take seemingly different approaches to the subject, a common standard is identified, namely that consent on the part of the affected State is required before external assistance can be provided but that consent cannot be arbitrarily withheld. The article then goes on to give content to the arbitrary withholding standard, breaking it down into its substantive and procedural elements. These include the meaning of the term ‘arbitrary’; the requirement to provide a reason for the withholding of consent; legitimate grounds for withholding consent; and the actor that assesses the justification. Regard is had for State practice in the context of disasters as well as other areas of the law in which similar tests are used.

“A Trespass against the Whole Species”: Universal Crime and Sovereign Founding in John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-585
Author(s):  
Sinja Graf
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

This essay theorizes how the enforcement of universal norms contributes to the solidification of sovereign rule. It does so by analyzing John Locke’s argument for the founding of the commonwealth as it emerges from his notion of universal crime in the Second Treatise of Government. Previous studies of punishment in the state of nature have not accounted for Locke’s notion of universal crime which pivots on the role of mankind as the subject of natural law. I argue that the dilemmas specific to enforcing the natural law against “trespasses against the whole species” drive the founding of sovereign government. Reconstructing Locke’s argument on private property in light of universal criminality, the essay shows how the introduction of money in the state of nature destabilizes the normative relationship between the self and humanity. Accordingly, the failures of enforcing the natural law require the partitioning of mankind into separate peoples under distinct sovereign governments. This analysis theorizes the creation of sovereign rule as part of the political productivity of Locke’s notion of universal crime and reflects on an explicitly political, rather than normative, theory of “humanity.”

Women under Italian Fascism

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander De Grand
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
General Impression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Work Done

Perhaps because the subject seemed so obvious, there has been little work done on women under fascism. This omission is unfortunate not only because Fascist policy was more complicated than the general impression of it but also because it offered an interesting example of the interaction between propaganda and reality in an authoritarian society. Women played an important role in several major propaganda campaigns of fascism, such as the ruralization policy and the battle to increase the birth rate. Concern for the role of women was at the heart of the conservative and stabilizing nature of fascism and, in so far as it meant the subjugation of the private lives of citizens to the demands of the State, policy towards women reflected the totalitarian and imperialistic side of fascism as well.

Sex-Equity Legislation in Education: The State as Promoter of Women’s Rights

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly P. Stromquist
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Sex Equity

This study examines core federal legislation addressing gender inequalities in education (Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972, the Women’s Educational Equity Act [WEEA], and several vocational education acts). It discusses the objectives of these laws and assesses the influence of this legislation on six elements of the educational system, ranging from educational access to the presence of women in administrative positions. The evidence indicates that women made significant gains in access to educational institutions as students rather than as educational administrators or university professors. Field of study choices still reflect unequal gender distributions; curriculum content and teacher training have been mildly affected. While it is difficult to isolate impacts of legislation from those of parallel social forces over a period of 20 years, shortcomings common to each of these equity-focused laws, such as their limited funding, weak enforcement, and reliance on voluntary efforts by educational institutions, have hindered the achievement of dramatic shifts toward the anticipated goals. As a key mediator between women’s demands and the practices of educational institutions, the federal government has played a reluctant and primarily symbolic role in efforts to attain gender equity. The study concludes with an identification of the types of studies, along with their methodologies and research designs, that remain to be conducted to further explicate the role of the State in gender structuring and sexual politics.

The Role of Covert Policing and the Use of Its Results in Criminal Proceedings Involving Unlawful Restraint for Ransom

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-0
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Niemczyk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
High Level

The article is concerned with the subject matter of covert policing involving cases where a hostage is unlawfully taken and detained with the purpose of forcing other persons to act in a specific manner. Such activities, being among the most difficult procedures relevant to the work of law enforcement agencies, are usually conducted in conditions determined by a rapidly changing factual situation, high level of criminal conspiracy and the state of permanent risk to the hostage’s life, the saving of which is the ultimate objective of public officers. Due to these factors, covert policing related to this kind of cases — given its nature and its investigative potential — becomes extremely important. The author’s aim is to determine the essence and functions of covert policing, and in particular to present conditions which must be met to adequately process covertly obtained intelligence for the needs of criminal proceedings.

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