scholarly journals THE CALCIUM LOOPING CYCLE STUDY FOR CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE APPLIED TO THE ENERGY GENERATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
I. Ávila ◽  
A. Mortari ◽  
A. M. Santos ◽  
P. M. Crnkovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Calcium Looping ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2 ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Co2 Sorbent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Activity Decay ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Cost

The calcium looping process (Ca-L) is a promising technology to reduce of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when applied in energy generation systems. Ca-based materials (usually limestone) are used in this process as CO2 sorbents. Thus, the CO2 capture occurs by the reversible reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and CO2, resulting in the calcium carbonate form (CaCO3). Compared to other technologies applied to carbon sequestration process, the Ca-L offers additional advantages such: the use of fluidized bed technology that is already well established; this process occurs at high temperature, and the excess of heat generated can be recovered; the cost of limestone sorbents is low because of its wide availability. However, in the applying the Ca-L process is essential to understand the mechanism and the effect of partial pressure of CO2 in both, calcination and carbonation processes; to investigate the effect of sintering and to evaluate the sorbent activity decay. In this paper, empirical technique such as thermogravimetry is applied to investigate the reactivity of dolomite as CO2 sorbent. The effect of CO2 high concentrations in both calcination/carbonation processes is also investigated.

Behaviour of Releases of Carbon Dioxide From Pipelines and Vents

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Allason ◽  
Keith Armstrong ◽  
Julian Barnett ◽  
Phil Cleaver ◽  
Ann Halford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A large Research and Development programme has been executed by National Grid to determine the feasibility of transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) by pipeline. Such pipelines would be required to form a transportation system to take the CO2 from its place of capture at an emitter’s site to a place of safe storage within a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) scheme. This programme received financial support from the European Union. As part of this programme, National Grid commissioned a series of experimental studies to investigate the behaviour of releases of CO2 mixtures in the gaseous and the liquid (or dense) phase. This has included simulating accidental releases in the form of punctures or ruptures of a buried pipeline and deliberate releases through different venting arrangements. This work is required, as CO2 has the potential to cause some harm to people if they are exposed to it for long enough at high concentrations. This paper gives an overview of the findings from this work and shows how the data has been used to help develop a number of the more pragmatic, predictive models for outflow and dispersion. This work complements the more theoretical studies carried out using state of the art advanced computational fluid dynamic models, employed by other UK based participants (University College London, University of Leeds, Kingston University and the University of Warwick) in the research programme.

scholarly journals Synergism Between Phosphine (PH3) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Implications for Managing PH3 Resistance in Rusty Grain Beetle (Laemophloeidae: Coleoptera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1999-2006
Author(s):  
Myrna Constantin ◽  
Rajeswaran Jagadeesan ◽  
Kerri Chandra ◽  
Paul Ebert ◽  
Manoj K Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Very High

Abstract Strong resistance to phosphine (PH3) in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Laemophloeidae: Coleoptera) poses a serious risk to stored-grain biosecurity. Resistant populations hold risk of surviving in PH3 fumigation, particularly in storage structure that limits achieving very high concentrations of PH3, demanding the need for alternative fumigation strategies. Cofumigation with PH3 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is one alternative approach that has the potential to be used widely. CO2 fumigation of adults of strongly PH3-resistant reference strain of C. ferrugineus, for 48 h, showed that the effective concentration (LC50) of CO2 was 30.99%. This 30% level of CO2 in combination with PH3 decreased the LC50 of PH3 from 6.7 mg/liter to 0.84 mg/liter, an eightfold increase in PH3 efficacy relative to PH3 fumigation in normal air. The LC99.9 decreased from 16.2 mg/liter to 5.8 mg/liter, a 2.8-fold increase in PH3 efficacy. Comparison of mortality response data of PH3 alone and the PH3 + CO2 mixture confirmed that CO2 enhances the toxicity of PH3 synergistically in addition to exerting its own toxicity. These results were validated against three independently field-derived strains of strongly resistant C. ferrugineus that confirmed that observed enhancement in toxicity with the PH3 + CO2 mixture was consistent, irrespective of differences in resistance phenotypes and inherent tolerance levels. Results of the current study provide further opportunities to develop new commercially viable strategy to control strongly PH3-resistant C. ferrugineus.

scholarly journals HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF RADON AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN ENERGY-EFFICIENT FAMILY HOUSES WITHOUT HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor GÉCZI ◽  
József BENÉCS ◽  
Krisztina KRISTÓF ◽  
Márk HORVÁTH
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The most significant factors of indoor air quality – besides temperature and humidity – are the concentrations of carbon-dioxide (CO2) and radon (222Rn). Radon seepage is caused by and affected by the materials used in walls and floors, the quality of insulation, cracks and even the amount of pipes running through the walls. The amount of CO2 is predominantly affected by the biological processes of the inhabitants, and possibly by potentially faulty HVAC systems. The energy efficiency related upgrades to family homes, which often only extend to window replacements and better insulation have a significant effect and could potentially increase concentrations of both radon and CO2 which has a significant effect on the well-being of the inhabitants. Our tests conducted in Hungary have proven that by using automated heat recovery ventilation (HRV) both energy efficient operation and low concentrations of radon and CO2 are achievable. Our results prove the significance and prevalence of the issue of higher concentrations of these pollutants, and offer a viable solution.

PERANCANGAN PROTEKSI KEBAKARAN OTOMATIS PADA KAPAL BERBASIS ARDUINO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dody Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fire Extinguisher ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja salah satunya dapat terjadi di alat transportasi air yakni kapal. Kebakaran selalu menyebabkan hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan baik kerugian material maupun ancaman keselamatan jiwa manusia. Seiring dari kejadian tersebut musibah kecelakaan kapal yang disebabkan oleh bahaya kebakaran sangatlah mungkin terjadi. Salah satu yang dapat mencegah kejadian kebakaran pada kapal haruslah dapat mendeteksi dini kebakaran tersebut. Untuk mendeteksi dini terjadinya kebakaran dikapal maka dirancanglah sebuah alat proteksi kebakaran otomatisberbasis adruino. Dimana Arduino merupakan board yang memiliki sebuah mikrokontroller sebagai  otak kendali sistem. Sistem otomatisasi atau controller tidak akan terlepas dengan apa yang disebut  dengan ‘sensor’. Sensor adalah sebuah alat untuk mendeteksi atau mengukut sesuatu yang digunakan untuk mengubah variasi mekanis, magnetis, panas, sinar dan kimia menjadi tegangan dan arus listrik. sistem yang dirancang ini dilengkapi dengan beberapa sensor diantaranya adalah sensor apiUV-Tron R2868, sensor asap MQ-2 dan kemudian sensor suhuDS18B20. Mikrokontroller sebagai pengendali akan merespon input yang berupa sensor tersebut ketika data yang dibaca oleh sensor mendeteksikebakaran diantaranya mendeteksi adanya asap, kemudian api dan suhu. Sebagai output dari sistem berupa racun api (fire extinguisher)dimana kandungan yang ada pada racun api tersebut berupa Dry Chemical Powder dan Carbon Dioxide (CO2) yang fungsinya digunakan untuk memadamkan api serta dilengkapi buzzer sebagai alarm peringatan jika terjadi kebakaran. 

The Prenatal Development Effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Exposure in Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Howard ◽  
Brian Wong ◽  
Michelle Okolica ◽  
Kimberly S. Bynum ◽  
R. A. James
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Physiology of Intraluminal Administration of Carbon Dioxide as a Contrast Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (44) ◽  
pp. 4656-4661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Patelis ◽  
Mikes Doulaptsis ◽  
Stylianos Kykalos ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Anastasios Maskanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agent ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) exists in nature around us. In the middle of the 20th century, the intraluminal injection of CO2 demonstrated similar results to those of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) with an iodinated contrast agent (ICA). Since then, the technology behind CO2 DSA has developed significantly. Objective: The aim of this study is to inform physicians about the unique properties of CO2 and its physiology after intraluminal injection. Methods: An extensive search for English literature on the properties of CO2 and the physiology of intraluminal administration was conducted using Pubmed. Results: There is sufficient literature on the properties of CO2 and the physiology of CO2 DSA. A review of this literature explains what happens to the human organism after the injection of CO2. Conclusions: There is enough evidence that CO2 DSA is both effective, diagnostic and safe, but the properties of CO2 should be taken under consideration as complications occur, although rarely.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Laser Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tassahil Messas ◽  
Achraf Messas ◽  
George Kroumpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level I ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality of life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), the hallmark of GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, and topical estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied with previous local estrogen therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy, especially the fractionated type (FrCO2), has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades as a non-invasive treatment for GSM. This systematic review describes the accumulated evidence from 40 FrCO2 laser studies (3466 participants) in GSM/VVA. MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched through April 2021. We analyze the effects of FrCO2 laser therapy on symptoms, sexual function, and QoL of patients with GSM/VVA. As shown in this review, FrCO2 laser therapy for GSM shows good efficacy and safety. This modality has the potential to advance female sexual wellness. Patient satisfaction was high in the studies included in this systematic review. However, there is a lack of level I evidence, and more randomized sham-controlled trials are required. Furthermore, several clinical questions, such as the number of sessions required that determine cost-effectiveness, should be addressed. Also, whether FrCO2 laser therapy may exert a synergistic effect with systemic and/or local hormonal/non-hormonal treatments, energy-based devices, and other modalities to treat GMS requires further investigation. Lastly, studies are required to compare FrCO2 laser therapy with other energy-based devices such as erbium:YAG laser and radiofrequency.

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