Coumarin Content and Physicochemical Profile of Mikania laevigata Extracts

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maique W. Biavatti ◽  
Cesar A. Koerich ◽  
Carlos H. Henck ◽  
Enderson Zucatelli ◽  
Fernanda H. Martineli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Mikania Laevigata ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The ‘guaco’ lianous herb Mikania laevigata, which is widespread in Southern Brazil, is traditionally used to treat bronchitis, asthma and cough. This work investigates the influence of the extraction method, solvent:drug ratio, ethanol proportion, harvest season (summer or winter) and solvent heating on the physicochemical profile of the extracts (dry weight, density, pH) and the coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) content determined by LC. Among the results obtained, it is observed that higher ethanol content increases the amount of coumarin in the extract. Leaves harvested in summer also produce an extract with a high coumarin yield. The most efficient method of extraction is percolation, independent of the solvent used.

METHODS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Stine ◽  
W. N. Strickland ◽  
R. W. Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Enzyme

Nine methods for disrupting the mycelium of Neurospora crassa have been compared. Protein percentages are calculated per gram dry weight of mycelium. A TPN-specific glutamic acid dehydrogenase was extracted and the efficiency of each extraction method is given as total enzyme extracted and specific activity. In terms of total protein, total enzyme, and practicality of the method, the Hughes Press, the French Press and the Raper–Hyatt Press were found to be the most efficient. The advantages and limitations of each method are considered.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DE TÉCNICAS DE NUCLEAÇÃO PARA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA NO SUL DO BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane Bevilacqua Marcuzzo ◽  
Gislene Ganade ◽  
Maristela Machado Araújo ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Remnant Forest

O desenvolvimento de grandes centros urbanos em áreas naturais resultou na supressão e degradação de florestas. A fim de obter ferramentas para implantação de programas de restauração nessas áreas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes técnicas nucleadoras sobre os fatores bióticos e abióticos que limitam a regeneração natural, em uma área degradada em remanescente de floresta, no perímetro rural-urbano de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (C), Transposição de Solo (TS), Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturados (RT), Transposição de Solo misturado aos Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturado (TS+RT) e Poleiros Artificiais. Durante 12 meses, foi avaliada a abundância e riqueza de plântulas estabelecidas, e por sete meses, a chuva de sementes em coletores. Os resultados indicam que a transposição de solo foi o método mais eficiente para restauração da área degradada em estudo. Adicionalmente, a utilização de poleiros artificiais se mostrou eficiente, indicando tendência de aumento da riqueza florística e de sementes dispersas. No entanto, a vegetação exótica da área urbana apresentou forte influência na composição florística, cuja sucessão terá trajetória diferente da vegetação original.Palavras-chave: Nucleação; poleiros artificiais; arborização urbana; transposição de solo.AbstractComparison of nucleation techniques effectiveness for degraded area restoring in Southern Brazil. The development of large urban centers in natural areas resulted in abolition and degradation of forests. In order to obtain tools for restoring programs development in such areas, this study aimed to evaluate efficiency of different nucleus techniques in relation to biotic and abiotic factors which limit natural regeneration in a depressed area of remnant forest in rural-urban perimeter of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in factorial disposition, composed of the following treatments: Control (C), Transposition of Soil (TS), crushed waste of urban afforestation (RT), Transposition of soil mixed to crushed waste of urban afforestation (TS+RT), and artificial perches. During 12 months,  abundance and richness of seedlings laid down were evaluated and for seven months the seed rain in sinks. Results point that the soil transposition was the most efficient method for restoration of the degraded area. Additionally, artificial perches using proved to be efficient, pointing to wealth increase trend and floristic wealth of dispersed seeds. However, the exotic vegetation of the urban area has strong influences on floristic composition, whose succession will have different trajectory of original vegetation.Keywords: Artificial perches; nucleation; urban afforestation; soil transposition. 

scholarly journals Nicotiana glauca poisoning in ostriches (Struthio camelus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Botha ◽  
P. A. Steenkamp ◽  
A. Olivier ◽  
L. C. Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Chemical Determination

Putative Nicotiana glauca (wild tobacco) poisoning was diagnosed in a flock of ostriches near Oudtshoorn, South Africa. Post mortem examinations (n = 7) were performed on ostriches (Struthio camelus) that had died. Suspicious leaf remnants (weighing 80–770 g), packed in a layer on top of other plant material, were carefully separated from the proventricular content and submitted for chemical determination of anabasine, the major toxic principle contained by this plant. A standard solid phase extraction method was used followed by an optimised liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure. Anabasine was detected in the leaf remnants (114–177 μg/g dry weight) removed from the proventriculus of the ostriches that succumbed as well as in control N. glauca leaves (193 μg/g dry weight). The analytical methods used in this study revealed the presence of anabasine in the suspicious leaf remnants, indicating that the birds had been exposed to N. glauca and had died of this poisoning.

scholarly journals Extraction of Nobiletin and Tangeretin From Peels of Shekwasha and Ponkan Using [C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2] and Centrifugation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Mizuno ◽  
Hibiki Yoshikawa ◽  
Toyonobu Usuki
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Citrus Depressa ◽  
Anti Inflammation

The polymethoxyflavonoids nobiletin and tangeretin are isolated from peels of shekwasha ( Citrus depressa Hayata) and ponkan ( Citrus reticulata Blanco). These natural products possess biological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammation properties. This report describes an efficient method for the extraction and isolation of nobiletin and tangeretin from citrus peels using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ([C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2]) and centrifugation/decantation. The results showed that the extraction yield of nobiletin and tangeretin using [C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2]/organic solvent (1:1 w/w) was 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than that using organic solvent. This extraction method is expected to be applicable for obtaining other organic compounds from natural sources.

scholarly journals Novel Method of Extraction for Radiocarbon Measurements of Atmospheric Carbon dioxide

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1867-1877
Author(s):  
K L Pugsley ◽  
T D J Knowles ◽  
S O’Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Zeolite 13X ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Method Of Extraction

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present the first data from an alternative extraction method for atmospheric 14CO2 analysis, based on the direct trapping of whole air samples onto a molecular sieve zeolite (13X) trap, incorporated into a commercially available automated graphitization system. Results are presented for both inter-laboratory comparison samples and an in-house reference standard. The in-house reference was used to calculate the standard deviation of measurements (2.0‰). This newly developed method will facilitate faster sample processing and therefore lower cost per analysis, critical for scaling up such studies.

Hair analysis used to assess chronic exposure to the organophosphate diazinon: a model study with rabbits

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tutudaki ◽  
Andreas K Tsakalof ◽  
Aristidis M Tsatsakis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The main purpose of the present study was to determine whether hair analysis would be a suitable method to assess chronic exposure of rabbits to the pesticide diazinon. A controlled study was designed, in which white rabbits of the New Zealand variety were systemically exposed to two dosage levels (15 mg/kg per day and 8 mg/kg per day) of the pesticide, through their drinking water, for a period of 4 months. Hair samples from the back of the rabbits were removed before commencing the experiment and at the end of the dosing period. Parallel experiments with spiked hair were carried out in order to design a simple and efficient method of extraction of diazinon from hair. The hair was pulverized in a ball mill homogenizer, incubated in methanol at 378C overnight, liquid-liquid extracted with ethyl acetate and measured by chromatography techniques (GC-NPD and GC-MS) for confirmation. The concentration of the diazinon in the hair of the exposed animals ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 ng/ mg hair. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the administered dose and the detected pesticide concentration in hair. Finally, it seems that hair analysis may be used to investigate chronic exposure to the pesticide.

Determination of Parabens from Water Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction, Vortex Extraction and Liquid–Liquid Extraction Method Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Noorashikin Md Saleh ◽  
N. M. Hafiz ◽  
Nik Nur Atiqah NikWee
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Optimum Parameter ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Method Of Extraction

A straightforward and efficient way for extraction of parabens that is methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and benzylparaben in environmental water samples was developed through optimizing parameters for each method of extraction. In this study, methods involved were cloud point extraction, vortex extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction. The parameters affecting the method of extraction were such as salt concentration, surfactant concentration, type of solvent, temperature, ratio of solvent to water and extraction time. The optimum parameter for cloud point extraction method were 1.0 M of salt, 1.0% v/v of surfactant, ratio of surfactant to water is 1:1, extraction time is 1 minute at 30 °C while vortex extraction method, optimum parameter is 1.0 M salt, using acetonitrile as a solvent, ratio 1 solvent: 4 water, and extracted at 1 minute. For the liquid–liquid extraction method, the optimum parameter was at 1.0 M salt, acetonitrile as a solvent, ratio of solvent to water is 1:1 and extraction time at 1 minute. The correlation coefficient for the calibration of paraben at concentration 0.2 ppm–1.0 ppm was in the range from 0.9703 to 0.9942. The limit of detection of studied paraben were 0.1627, 0.0837, 0.1156 and 0.1918 ppm, respectively. Percentage recovery for cloud point extraction, vortex extraction and liquid–liquid extraction were between 41%–147.9%, 26.5%–134.7%, and 31.4%–142.4% respectively. Each sample is repeated with triplication which the value of the relative standard deviation is less than 17.9%. Thus, the most suitable, efficient and effective method in extraction of paraben from water samples is cloud point extraction. The cloud point extraction shows the potential to be explore on the future extraction of others organic pollutants from water samples.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Essential Oils of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt Obtained from Solvent-Free Microwave and Hydrodistillation Extraction Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 3227-3238
Author(s):  
A.E. Aladejana ◽  
G. Bradley ◽  
A.J. Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Till date, no study has ever looked into the effect of extraction method on the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Helichrysum petiolare. This study therefore evaluated the effect of hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) methods on the chemical constituents of H. petiolare derived essential oils. The SFME derived essential oil was deep yellow and of higher yield than the pale yellow essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation. There were substantial amounts of monoterpenes, monoterpene alcohols, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpene alcohols in both essential oils obtained. The SFME derived essential oil had 62 compounds as against the 52 derived through hydrodistillation. The SFME derived essential oil can therefore be suggested to be of better quality than of the hydrodistillation method. The compounds obtained in the essential oils have high pharmaceutical and cosmetic values, and as observed in this study, their quantity is dependent on method of extraction.

Application of Vibration Test Methods in Cement-Treated Aggregate

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Rong Hui Zhang ◽  
Can Qiang Mai
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Vibration Compaction ◽  
Granular Base ◽  
Dense State ◽  
Stable Material ◽  
Standard Compaction

The disease causes by the application of cement-stabilized macadam in our country first-class highway mainly performance as serious shrinkage fracture and other destructions like decreased capacity etc.This mainly related to test, design and other methods of the cement stabilized macadam. In the cement stabilization granular base construction,according to the standard job practice, uses the inorganic binding stable material compaction test to perform the standard compaction test. Doing compactness test at the scene, always present that the dry weight density is bigger than the maximum value result made by compaction test, result made by compactness test can more than 100%.The compaction principle of vibration compaction test is through pressure exciting force over the compacted materials,forced the downing of solid materials have a "resonance", In this state, the small particles aggregate can filling the gap between the large particles aggregate, to achieve the dense state. And during this process do not need too much water as lubricant. Therefore the vibration compaction test definite intensity result tallies with the scene reality. To imitation effects of roller compacted to improve the performance of cement stabilized gravel, the use of vibration method designed cement stabilized gravel is very necessary and timely.

scholarly journals Optimization of a novel lipid extraction process from microalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Ren ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Xin Shan ◽  
Mengyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

AbstractPrevious study found that the solvent extraction efficiency of lipid in microalgae could be greatly improved by washing algae cells before the second time extraction. Based on the "organic solvents–water–organic solvents" method, this research further studied the effect of four solvent systems (acetone, chloroform/methanol, chloroform/methanol/water, dichloromethane/methanol), two types of water treatment (vortex and ultrasonic), three water treatment time gradient (0 s, 30 s, 120 s) on the lipid extraction at three different microalgae growth stages (3rd day, 5th day, 9th day). The results show that the combination of water treatment type, treatment time and solvent is very important to the efficiency of lipid extraction. The total lipid extracted was generally increased by 10–30% after water treatment. Especially under the condition of 120 s vortex water treatment with dichloromethane/methanol as extraction solvent, the total lipid extracted increased by 61.14%. In addition, microalgae cells at different culture stages had different sensitivity to water treatment. In this study, under the combination of chloroform/methanol/water as extraction solvent and vortex water treatment for 120 s, the highest lipid yield was obtained on the ninth day of cell culture, which accounts 47.88% of the cell dry weight (478 mg/g cell dry weight). The changes of cell morphology and structure after water treatment were studied by scanning electron microscope, and it was found that water treatment could seriously destroy the cell membrane damaged by solvent, thus promoting the release of lipids. This study further optimizes the "solvent–water–solvent" lipid extraction method, which neither produces impurities nor damages the lipid quality, and can reduce the amount of organic solvent applied in the classical lipid extraction method with the same lipid yield, so it has a broad application prospect.

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