scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of the peels from Citrullus lanatus and Manihot esculenta, an insight into the conversion of waste to food

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amos Ndarubu Tsado ◽  
Gana David ◽  
Habiba A. Ibrahim ◽  
Gboke A. Jiya ◽  
Rakiya Zubairu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Water Melon

Background: Huge quantity of cassava and watermelon wastes are daily discharged to the environment with unwholesome consequences. Therefore, research into the effective utilization of these agricultural by-products is of global interest. Methods: The present study evaluated the proximate, minerals, and amino acid compositions of cassava and watermelon peels using standard procedures. Results: The results revealed that carbohydrate is the most abundant proximate contents of both the cassava (82.14±0.42%) and watermelon (62.58±0.78%) peel, followed by crude fiber (5.51±0.06% and 18.90±0.04%), moisture (8.31±0.04% and 5.20±0.07%), crude ash (1.25±0.03% and 7.25±0.04%) for cassava and watermelon peels respectively, while crude fat (0.98±0.03% and 3.92±0.06%) is the least abundant proximate in both samples. Magnesium is the most abundant mineral contents of both the cassava (79.50±4.45Mg/100g) and watermelon (75.53±3.70Mg/100g) peel, followed by sodium (62.35±0.79 Mg/100g and 52.24±3.24 Mg/100g), potassium (22.12±1.34 and 32.65±2.01 mg/100g) for cassava and watermelon peels respectively while copper (0.73±0.05 Mg/100g and 0.67±0.64 Mg/100g) was the least abundant minerals in both samples. The total amino acid compositions of 66.31±4.56 g/100g and 41.80±2.68 g/100g were recorded for cassava and watermelon peel. Glutamic acid (9.96±0.06g/100g) and leucine (4.03±0.05 mg/100g) the most abundant amino acid in cassava and watermelon seed respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the peels of cassava and water melon examined, have appreciable levels of nutrients compositions that can be incorporated into human and animal feed formulation.

scholarly journals Vitamin and mineral analysis of fish liver oil, some locally available spices and vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
S. A. Bolu ◽  
O. O. Balogun ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
B Complex Vitamins

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the vitamin and mineral contents of some locally sourced ingredients such as fish liver oil, Adansonia digitata, Telfaria occidentalis, Celosia spp, Amaranthus cruentas leaves, Xylopia aetiopica, capsicum frutenscen, Saccharomyces cerevicae, rice bran, palm oil and colostrums. The results indicated that fish liver oil was the most potent source of vitamins A, D, E and B12 represented by 9x10 6 iu/100g, 48000icu/100g, 30mg/100g, and 40.5mg/100g, respectively. The B-Complex vitamins were present among the spices and vegetables analyzed. Saccharomyces cerevicae was observed to a potent source of thiamin (9.4mg /100g) and niacin (41.8 mg / 100g). Capsicum spp and Telfaria occidentalis had ample amounts of riboflavin, thiamin and niacin. Rice bran had the highest amount of pyridoxine, 28.6mg/100g, while panthothenate was present more in the milk (8.2mg/100g) than other materials analysed. The mineral composition of the materials analysed showed that they have fairly uniform potency. Amaranthus cruentas was found to contain more mineral with 3.0, 1.4, 5.13, 1.10, 5.04 and 1.09% for copper (cu), Zinc (Zn), potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (ca), and magnesium (mg), respectively. The results of the analysis indicated that vitamin and mineral potencies of these ingredients can be harnessed for the production of vitamin and mineral premix for animal feed formulation

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Antinutritional Factors of Water Melon Seeds (Citrullus lenatus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
H. B. Zainab ◽  
U. I. Aminu ◽  
I. Mustapha ◽  
S. T. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
Water Melon

Water melon (citrullus lanatus) is a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is- rich in an amino - acid called citrulline and may help move blood through the body and widely used as flavouring agent and also contributes substantially towards obtaining a balanced diet. This research was aimed to evaluate the proximate and anti nutritional factors of the plant to ensure human and animal food security. The proximate composition was done by soxhlet extraction, AOAC, Kjeldhal and other standard procedures while anti nutrients were analysed using standard procedures. The results of the research revealed the proximate composition of the water melon seeds such as moisture content, crude protein, lipids, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrate. Low moisture content (5.20±0.003) high proteins (17.844±0.012) and lipids (18.208± 0.004) with others detected in moderate amount was obtained. Anti - nutritional factors such as oxalate, phytate, cyanide, nitrate, and tannin were also analyzed which revealed low oxalate content (0.005± 0.003) with moderate amount of phytate (4.366±0141), nitrate (47.309±0.539) and cyanide (41.510±0.138). Therefore water melon seeds might be vital in maintaining an optimum nutritional status to avoid malnutrition, morbidity or mortality.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment and Food Potentials of Flour Obtained From Sprouted and Non-Sprouted Watermelon Seeds (Citrulus lanatus) and Its Akara Making Potentials

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
Olawale Paul Olatidoye ◽  
Sunday Samuel Sobowale ◽  
Wasiu Ajani Olayemi ◽  
Abdulrazak Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Water Melon ◽  
Control Samples

  This study formulated different flours from sprouted water melon seed and evaluated the proximate and sensory properties akara-analogue potential in Nigeria. The results showed that proximate composition: moisture (7.06-8.46%), protein (19.14%-37.24%), fibre (0.23-0.36%), fat (22.77-26.58%), ash (2.44-3.47%) and carbohydrate (30.58-41.91%) were significantly different at p<0.05. The bulk density ranged from 0.51-0.53g/ml, solubility index (40.30-40.01%), water absorption capacity (1.21-1.25%), swelling capacity (5.32-6.67%), pH (6.13-6.14); for sprouted and non-sprouted samples. Tannins, saponin, sterols, oxalate and phytate were detected in sprouted and unsprouted flour. Sprouting enhanced the amino acid content of composite flour. Mineral contents of Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn and Mn were increased due to sprouting. The sensory analysis showed that the control samples have the highest taste score (7.35) and aroma (7.60) and were significantly different at p<0.05. Enhanced amino acid composition of watermelon may enhance the use of this flour as protein supplement for the development of new food product.

scholarly journals Freshwater Cladophora glomerata Biomass as Promising Protein and Other Essential Nutrients Source for High Quality and More Sustainable Feed Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Monika Nutautaitė ◽  
Vilma Vilienė ◽  
Asta Racevičiūtė-Stupelienė ◽  
Saulius Bliznikas ◽  
Jūratė Karosienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Essential Nutrients

A scientific justification, focused on the development of the sustainability of feed ingredients and farm animals’ ecosystems, is required. Thus, it is crucial to search for alternative feed materials from natural sources for potential applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prospective utilization of freshwater Cladophora glomerata (C. glomerata) as an alternative source of protein and other essential nutrients in animals’ feed. For this purpose, chemical analysis was performed on collected biomass samples from the Lithuanian rivers, Dubysa (B1), Šventoji (B2), Nevėžis (B3), and Jūra (B4). Microelements (Ca > K > N > P > Mg), trace elements (Zn > Cu), and heavy metals (Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd) have not exceeded permissible levels. The crude protein content of C. glomerata biomass ranged from 16% to 21.5% DM. The essential amino acid profile excelled, with the highest total amino acid amount of 140.99 g/kg in B4. The highest total presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (11.71%) as well as the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (0.22) was observed in B1. The lowest ratio of omega-6/omega-3 was in B1 (1.30). As a result of bioaccumulation, C. glomerata could serve as a source of proteins, as well as amino and fatty acids, implying that biomass could be an alternative and a beneficial component of animal feed.

scholarly journals Proximate, Minerals, and Amino Acid Compositions of Banana and Plantain Peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
By Products ◽  
Abundant Amino Acid

The by-products of banana and plantain fruits, especially banana and plantain peels are usually thrown away by producers in plantations, and produce important quantities of post-harvest waste. The banana and plantain peels grown in Nigeria was assessed for their proximate, minerals and amino acid compositions. The proximate contents including moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and crude fibres were determined using standard A.O.A.C methods. The amino acids by HPLC, and minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results revealed that the total amino acid of 89.71±5.45 g/100g and 86.71±3.02 g/100g was recorded for plantain and banana peel. Glutamic acid 12.72±0.02 g/100g was the most abundant amino acid in plantain peel while glycine (3.02±0.82 mg/100g) was the most abundant amino acid in banana peel. Results revealed that sodium is the most abundant minerals contents of both the plantain (76.88±0.89 Mg/100g) and banana (58.16±2.73 Mg/100g) peel, while iron (7.89±0.79 Mg/100g and 5.06±0.07 Mg/100g) was the least minerals in the both samples. Carbohydrate is the most abundant proximate contents of both the plantain (74.12±0.565) and banana (63.82±0.32%) peel, followed by Crude fibre 8.36±0.04% and 12.67±0.08 %, crude ash (6.17±0.05% and 9.56±0.06%) for both plantain and banana peels respectively. While crude fat (3.01±0.06% and 0.89±0.04%) was the least proximate in the both samples. These peels could be considered good source of nutrients for production of human and animal feeds, and their utilization for this purpose should be encouraged, as this will also help in reducing the menace of nutrient deficiencies

Amino Acid Compositions of Common Edible Mushrooms

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Shinobu Fujihara ◽  
Atsuko Kasuga ◽  
Tatsuyuki Sugahara ◽  
Yasuo Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions
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