Pengembangan spesifikasi teknis sistem pemantau radiasi lingkungan berbasis spektrometer gama untuk pengawasan ketenaganukliran di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yus Rusdian Akhmad ◽  
◽  
Angga Kautsar ◽  
Taruniyati Handayani ◽  
Judi Pramono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Technical Specifications

THE INDONESIAN RADIATION DATA MONITORING SYSTEM (IRDMS) IS A NETWORK CATEGORIZED AS COMPLEX PROBLEMS WITH INFLUENCING FACTORS INTO A SINGLE UNIT AS MULTIPLE PROBLEMS THAT MUST SOLVE THROUGH VARIOUS APPROACHES OPTIMALLY. One of the approaches required is the application of optimization. For example, optimization is needed between the detection sensitivity of the radiation source and the number of false alarms due to the permissible background radiation by determining the operating parameters of the monitor. In addition, optimization is needed between costs and data (information) obtained through determining the influencing factors in establishing a monitoring base, namely the purpose of installation at the location (safety and security), demographics, legal subjects, resources, type (technology) detectors, and environmental radioactivity. To increase the national content for the use of the product, the problem statement of this paper focuses on developing technical specifications for the type of low-resolution gamma spectrometer-based monitor (detector) following the analytical method developed by the authors for the determination of alarms triggered by radiation from facilities and equipment. This study aims to develop IRDMS technical specifications following the needs of nuclear control and bridge the gap (transition) of acceptance of national content before the parties can accept it as SNI. This proposed technical specification was adopted from the international standard IEC 61017:2016 and modified to suit the proposed alarm determination analysis method and Indonesian conditions, including consultation with interested parties. The content of this technical specification is relatively broad in scope. It is hoped that it can be adopted by parties who must carry out environmental monitoring following regulatory criteria and with the ability to provide alarms by increasing radiation doses equivalent to natural events (especially by rain). Keywords: environmental monitoring, gamma spectrometer, regulatory oversight, early warning

Algorithms for detecting broadband signals with a constant level of false alarms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.F. Lozovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Interference Power ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Distribution Type

The use of broadband souding signals in radars, which has become real in recent years, leads to a significant reduction in the size of resolution elements in range and, accordingly, in the size of the window in which the training sample is formed, which is used to adapt the detection threshold in signal detection algorithms with a constant level of false alarms. In existing radars, such a window would lead to huge losses. The purpose of the work was to study the most rational options for constructing detectors with a constant level of false alarms in radars with broadband sounding signals. The problem was solved for the Rayleigh distribution of the envelope of the noise and a number of non-Rayleigh laws — Weibull and the lognormal, the appearance of which is associated with a decrease in the number of reflecting elements in the resolution volume. For Rayleigh interference, an algorithm is proposed with a multi-channel in range incoherent signal amplitude storage and normalization to the larger of the two estimates of the interference power in the range segments. The detection threshold in it adapts not only to the interference power, but also to the magnitude of the «power jump» in range, which allows reducing the number of false alarms during sudden changes in the interference power – the increase in the probability of false alarms did not exceed one order of magnitude. In this algorithm, there is a certain increase in losses associated with incoherent accumulation of signals reflected from target elements, and losses can be reduced by certain increasing the size of the distance segments that make up the window. Algorithms for detecting broadband signals against interference with non-Rayleigh laws of distribution of the envelope – Weibull and lognormal, based on the addition of the algorithm for detecting signals by non-linear transformation of sample counts into counts with a Rayleigh distribution, are studied. The structure of the detection algorithm remains unchanged in practice. The options for detectors of narrowband and broadband signals are considered. It was found that, in contrast to algorithms designed for the Rayleigh distribution, these algorithms provide a stable level of false alarms regardless of the values of the parameters of non-Rayleigh interference. To reduce losses due to interference with the distribution of amplitudes according to the Rayleigh law, detectors consisting of two channels are used, in which one of the channels is tuned for interference with the Rayleigh distribution, and the other for lognormal or Weibull interference. Channels are switched according to special distribution type recognition algorithms. In such detectors, however, there is a certain increase in the probability of false alarms in a rather narrow range of non-Rayleigh interference parameters, where their distribution approaches the Rayleigh distribution. It is shown that when using broadband signals, there is a noticeable decrease in detection losses in non-Rayleigh noise due to lower detection thresholds for in range signal amplitudes incoherent storage.

An Automated Conflict-alert Function for an Air Traffic Control System

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
P. Bertolazzi ◽  
M. Lucertini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Traffic Control System

The major purpose of an air traffic control system is to ensure the separation of two or more aircraft flying in the same airspace, with an efficiency that can be expressed in terms of capacity and cost. As air traffic grows in numbers it becomes necessary to reduce the workload of the controllers by relieving them of many monitoring tasks, and eventually some decision-making tasks, through computerized automation. In this context many developments tend to build up an efficient conflict-alert subsystem.The problem of conflict-alert in the air needs strategic tools, to make collision unlikely or even impossible, and tactical tools to detect impending collisions. The latter detect potentially hazardous aircraft encounters and alert the controller in time to warn the pilots (if necessary) and should obviously provide this capability with a minimal number of false alarms and no increase in workload.

scholarly journals Development of the technical specifications and changes to the TSs for refractories by JSC “The Ukrainian research institute of refractories named after A. S. Berezhnoy” in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
V. V. Martynenko ◽  
L. V. Belyaeva ◽  
I. Yu. Kostyrko ◽  
T. F. Pahomova ◽  
T. P. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Technical Specification ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
State Standardization ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Continue Work ◽  
Technical Regulations

This article includes information about development of technical specifications (TS) and changes to the TSs for refractories by institute in 2018. In 2018, the following standards were developed, agreed with enterprises in accordance with the requirements of the state standardization system and approved: one new technical specification and 14 change to TS for serial refractory products, produced by Ukrainian enterprises; 3 new TS for serial refractory products developed PrJSC “KDZ” were checked and agreed; 6 new technical specification and 11 change to the current specifications for the pilot batches of refractories manufactured by JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy”. Changes to technical specifications and new technical specifications have been developed in concordance with requirements of the modern system standardizations of the Ukraine (СОУ КЗПС 74.9­02568182­003:2016, ДСТУ 1.5:2015, СОУ МПП 01.120­090:2005), endorsed by manufacturers and enterprise consumers, tested for compliance with current legislation, technical regulations and regulatory documents and entered into the database «Technical conditions of Ukraine» — SE “Kharkivstandartmetrology”, and approved by the technical committee TC 7 “Refractories”. Institute plans to continue work on the development of TS and changes to the TSs for refractory products, study and analysis of the global level of standardization in the field of refractories.

scholarly journals Coupling ensemble weather predictions based on TIGGE database with Grid-Xinanjiang model for flood forecast

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Bao ◽  
L.-N. Zhao ◽  
Y. He ◽  
Z.-J. Li ◽  
F. Wetterhall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Flood Forecast ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Xinanjiang Model ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Promising Tool

Abstract. The incorporation of numerical weather predictions (NWP) into a flood forecasting system can increase forecast lead times from a few hours to a few days. A single NWP forecast from a single forecast centre, however, is insufficient as it involves considerable non-predictable uncertainties and lead to a high number of false alarms. The availability of global ensemble numerical weather prediction systems through the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble' (TIGGE) offers a new opportunity for flood forecast. The Grid-Xinanjiang distributed hydrological model, which is based on the Xinanjiang model theory and the topographical information of each grid cell extracted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), is coupled with ensemble weather predictions based on the TIGGE database (CMC, CMA, ECWMF, UKMO, NCEP) for flood forecast. This paper presents a case study using the coupled flood forecasting model on the Xixian catchment (a drainage area of 8826 km2) located in Henan province, China. A probabilistic discharge is provided as the end product of flood forecast. Results show that the association of the Grid-Xinanjiang model and the TIGGE database gives a promising tool for an early warning of flood events several days ahead.

scholarly journals Determination of level and time thresholds for detectors with normalized indicator process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Б. Егоров ◽  
Р.И. Горбачев
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
False Alarm Probability ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Time Threshold ◽  
Selection Threshold

«Выбросовая» вероятностная модель работы обнаружителя в режиме ожидания сигнала, предложенная авторами в [1], использована для оценки влияния селекции выбросов по длительности на вероятность ложной тревоги. Флюктуационные выбросы помехового индикаторного процесса, превысившие пороги селекции по уровню и длительности, трактуются как редкие события на интервале ожидания сигнала, подчиняющиеся вероятностному закону Пуассона. При условии, что средний период следования ложных выбросов превышает интервал корреляции индикаторного процесса, получено соотношение между средним числом выбросов любой длительности и средним числом выбросов, превысивших пороговую длительность. На основании известных числовых и вероятностных характеристик выбросов нормального стационарного случайного процесса получен уравнения, связывающие относительные пороги селекции по уровню и длительности с вероятностью ложной тревоги на интервале ожидания сигнала. Предложена методика определения порога селекции по длительности для снижения порога селекции по уровню до заданной величины. «Emissional» probability model of the detector in stand-by mode proposed by the authors in [1], is intended for estimation of false alarm rate dependence from the value of time-selection threshold. Fluctuation emissions of the noise indicator process are interpreted as rare events correspond to Poisson distribution. Assuming that average rate of false alarms exceeds the correlation interval of indicator process, obtained equation between average number of false alarms of any duration and average number of false alarms exceed the time threshold. Based on known numerical and statistical characteristics of emissions of normal stationary random process obtained equations, relating time and level thresholds with false alarm probability on stand-by mode time interval. Also suggested a method of determining time threshold intended to reduce level threshold.

Method for oil balance control under quasi-stationary modes of operation of an oil pipeline section with free flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Рустам Зайтунович Сунагатуллин ◽  
Антон Михайлович Чионов ◽  
Семен Васильевич Петренко
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Pipeline Section ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Oil Flow

Автоматизированные системы управления используются в нефтепроводном транспорте с целью автоматизации технологических процессов транспортировки нефти и нефтепродуктов, при этом основной задачей является обеспечение надежности и безопасности перекачки, что невозможно без контроля целостности трубопровода. В связи с этим актуальной остается тема обнаружения утечек, требуют продолжения исследования в области повышения надежности автоматизированных систем обнаружения утечек (СОУ). При эксплуатации СОУ особую важность представляет описание процессов заполнения и опорожнения участков трубопровода с безнапорным течением. Скорость установления стационарного режима работы таких участков и участков с полным сечением существенно отличается. Слабые возмущения давления могут приводить к значительному дебалансу расхода нефти и, как следствие, вызывать ложные срабатывания СОУ. Авторами представлен алгоритм вычисления скорости изменения запаса нефти на участке трубопровода при медленном изменении размера самотечной полости, на основании которого предложен способ корректировки уравнения баланса вещества. Показано использование разработанного алгоритма для повышения чувствительности СОУ и уменьшения количества ложных срабатываний. During the operation of leak detection systems (LDS), it is of great importance to describe the processes of filling and emptying pipeline free flow sections. The speed of establishing a stationary operation mode of such sections and full sections is significantly different. Weak pressure perturbations can lead to significant imbalance in the oil flow rate and, as a consequence, cause false LDS positives. The authors present an algorithm for calculating rate of change in oil reserve in the pipeline section with a slow change in the size of gravity cavity, on the basis of which a method for adjusting the substance balance equation is proposed. The use of a developed algorithm is shown to increase the sensitivity of LDS and reduce the number of false alarms.

Optimal Detection and Estimation of Marine Oil Spills Through Coherent Pluralism

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-111
Author(s):  
Kufre Bassey ◽  
Polycarp Chigbu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Detection And Estimation ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Marine Oil Spills ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

An important area of environmental science involves the combination of information from diverse sources relating to a similar endpoint. Majority of optical remote sensing techniques used for marine oil spills detection have been reported lately of having high number of false alarms (oil slick look-a-likes) phenomena which give rise to signals which appear to be oil but are not. Suggestions for radar image as an operational tool has also been made. However, due to the inherent risk in these tools, this paper presents the possible research directions of combining statistical techniques with remote sensing in marine oil spill detection and estimation.

What Do We Know About Buffer Overflow Detection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Lordello Chaim ◽  
Daniel Soares Santos ◽  
Daniela Soares Cruzes
Keyword(s):  
Program Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Symbolic Execution ◽  
Buffer Overflow ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Inspection Techniques ◽  
Execution Models

Buffer overflow (BO) is a well-known and widely exploited security vulnerability. Despite the extensive body of research, BO is still a threat menacing security-critical applications. The authors present a comprehensive systematic review on techniques intended to detecting BO vulnerabilities before releasing a software to production. They found that most of the studies addresses several vulnerabilities or memory errors, being not specific to BO detection. The authors organized them in seven categories: program analysis, testing, computational intelligence, symbolic execution, models, and code inspection. Program analysis, testing and code inspection techniques are available for use by the practitioner. However, program analysis adoption is hindered by the high number of false alarms; testing is broadly used but in ad hoc manner; and code inspection can be used in practice provided it is added as a task of the software development process. New techniques combining object code analysis with techniques from different categories seem a promising research avenue towards practical BO detection.

Required Performance Levels for Autocueing Devices

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
True Target ◽  
Sar Imagery

Acquisition of tactical targets embedded in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was examined in this study. Experienced radar operators saw static scenes with either nine/five, two, or zero possible targets annotated, representing the application of three hypothetical autocueing devices and a no-autocueing baseline condition. In the autocueing conditions, the true target was always annotated, along with a variable number of false alarms, based upon the sophistication of the hypothesized autocuer. With time and probabilty performance measures taken, a significant improvement in target acquisition behavior was achieved only with the most sophisticated autocuer. This was most evident for the more difficult target types.

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