Emprendimiento para la carrera de educación inicial

Since the COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization, the work environment in the education sector has been affected, especially at the early education level, due to the suspension of face-to-face classes, the introduction of virtual education and, in some cases, the closure of educational institutions. From this perspective, the purpose of this study is to describe university teacher training in the field of entrepreneurship in the Early Childhood Education program at public and private universities in Ecuador. The information was collected through a broad epistemological analysis, as well as the curricula, the graduate profile and the projected labor field of the career that are related to entrepreneurship as part of academic training. The results reveal that of the 30 universities that offer this career, 13 include entrepreneurship as a subject in their curricula, 6 relate it to their projected field of work and 4 include it in their graduate profile. This shows the limited consideration of entrepreneurship in the training of initial education professionals, which distances them from the real needs of today's rapidly changing labor field. In the future, it is necessary to review the syllabus of this subject to verify the development of entrepreneurial competencies.

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Estrategia nacional peruana contra la propagación de la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19)

Cátedra Villarreal ◽

10.24039/cv202081767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karina Alvarado ◽

Susan Alvarado ◽

Doris Esenarro ◽

Ciro Rodríguez ◽

Jose Iannacone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Education ◽

Technical Education ◽

World Health ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Economic Assistance ◽

Font Size ◽

Public And Private ◽

Stroke Width ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Health Organization

La presente investigación es el estudio del caso Perú sobre las estrategias implementadas por el gobierno peruano a partir de la detección del paciente cero con el objetivo de contener la propagación de la pandemia por el coronavirus COVID-19 decretada por la OMS. Se detalla el comportamiento de la evolución de la cantidad de infectados a partir del 6 marzo al 24 de abril 2020. El primer grupo de medidas se adoptaron a partir de la detección del paciente cero hasta la declaración por la OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud) como pandemia, acompañado de la implementación de protocolos acoplados a nuestro sistema de salud y medidas tomadas por el gobierno peruano mediante Decreto Supremo 008-2020-SA declarando emergencia sanitaria a nivel nacional por un plazo de 90 días. Posteriormente se pasó a tomar una serie de medidas evaluadas desde el 12 al 26 de marzo y del 27 de marzo al 24 de abril 2020, fecha que finaliza el presente estudio, detallando las estrategias consideradas por el gobierno peruano contra la propagación del coronavirus COVID-19. Entre las principales acciones adoptadas por el gobierno peruano ante COVID-19 tenemos: (1) restricciones de movilización de personas; (2) suspensión de reuniones y eventos públicos y privados; (3) cierre de fronteras a nivel internacional y el traslado de personas a diferentes departamentos en territorio peruano; (4) suspensión de clases en instituciones educativas (educación básica, centro de educación técnicas productivas y universidades), y (5) facilidades e incentivos económicos asistenciales.<p style="text-align: start; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;">Palabras clave: COVID-19, estrategias, propagación, protocolos<p style="text-align: start; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;"> <p style="text-align: start; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;"> ABSTRACT<p style="text-align: start; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;"> The present investigation is the study of the Peru case on the strategies implemented by the Peruvian government from the detection of patient zero with the objective of containing the spread of the pandemic decreed by the WHO for the coronavirus COVID-19.The behavior of the evolution of the number of infected from March 6 to April 24, 2020 is detailed. The first groups of measures were adopted from the detection of patient zero until the declaration by the WHO (World Health Organization) as a pandemic, accompanied by the implementation of protocols coupled to our health system and measures taken by the Peruvian government through Supreme Decree 008-2020-SA declaring a national health emergency for a period of 90 days. Subsequently, a series of measures evaluated were taken from March 12 to 26 and from March 27 to April 24, 2020, the date this study ends, detailing the strategies considered by the Peruvian government against the spread of the coronavirus COVID -19. Among the main actions taken by the Peruvian government before COVID-19 we have: (1) restrictions on the mobilization of people; (2) suspension of public and private meetings and events; (3) closure of borders at the international level and the transfer of people to different departments in Peruvian territory; (4) suspension of classes in educational institutions (Basic education, productive technical education center and universities), and (5) facilities and economic assistance incentives.<p style="text-align: start; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;"> Keywords: COVID-19, Propagation, Protocols, Strategy<p style="text-align: start; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;">

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Prepayment schemes

10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Abel Olsen

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

World Health ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Public And Private ◽

Revenue Collection ◽

Otto Von Bismarck ◽

Health Organization ◽

Universal Health

This chapter considers two different ways of organizing revenue collection in statutory healthcare schemes: social health insurance and taxation. The two models are commonly referred to as ‘Bismarck vs Beveridge’ after the men associated with the origin of these systems: the first German chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), and the British economist Lord William Beveridge (1879–1963). The differences between these two compulsory prepayment schemes are discussed and compared with private health insurance. Based on a simple diagram introduced by the World Health Organization, three dimensions of coverage are illustrated. Some policy dilemmas are highlighted when attempting to achieve universal health coverage. Finally, various combinations of public and private prepayment schemes are discussed.

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Digital transformation of face-to-face focus group methodology: engaging a globally dispersed audience in management of institutional change (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.28911 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Mahmoud ◽

Anna TOKAR ◽

Melissa ARRIAS ◽

Christos MYLONAS ◽

Heini UTUNEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Learning Strategy ◽

Transformation Process ◽

World Health ◽

Global Learning ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Face To Face ◽

Global Workforce ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

UNSTRUCTURED As part of its transformation process to meet the health challenges of the 21st century by creating a motivated and fit-for-purpose global workforce, the World Health Organization (WHO) is developing the first-ever global Learning Strategy for health personnel around the world. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were organized as part of in-depth qualitative research on staff views, visions, and suggestions. Due to the pandemic, a flexible, multi-linguistic, participatory, iterative methodology for digitization of face-to-face FDGs to engage a globally dispersed workforce was implemented.

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Change in affordability of medications in Kazan in 2011 and 2015 as a reflection of state initiatives to regulate drug prices

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2017-822 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 822-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ch M Razzakova ◽

L E Ziganshina

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Generic Drugs ◽

World Health ◽

Price Ratio ◽

Public And Private ◽

Drug Prices ◽

State Initiatives ◽

Health Action ◽

Medicine Prices ◽

Health Organization

Aim. Performing comparative analysis of drug prices in 2011 and 2015 in Kazan to assess the effectiveness of state initiatives to ensure the affordability of medicines. Methods. The collection and processing of data was performed according to methodology developed by Health Action International and World Health Organization (WHO/HAI). We studied the availability and prices of 30 medicines in public and private pharmacies in Kazan in 2011 and 2015 and analyzed the procurement prices of the same medicines in inpatient hospitals. Recording and analysis were performed using standardized MS Excel WHO/HAI Workbook. Medicine prices were compared with international reference prices and were expressed as median price ratio. Results. The analysis showed a decrease in medicine prices in 2015 compared to 2011. In public and private sectors median price ratio of the originator brands reduced by about 3 times, and of the lowest price generics reduced by 1.5 times. A decrease in procurement prices by more than 2 times for generics and more than 6 times for the original brands was also revealed in 2015 in comparison with 2011. Conclusion. State initiatives to regulate drug prices contributed to the price reduction by 1.5-3 times in 2015 compared to 2011; changes in the procedures for the medicines procurement at the legislative level resulted in reduction of procurement prices by more than 2 times for generic drugs in 2015 compared to 2011.

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Knowledge and Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adults in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana

Food Science and Nutrition Studies ◽

10.22158/fsns.v2n1p1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas K. Awuni ◽

Gideon Kye-Duodu ◽

Charles Duodu ◽

Francis B. Zotor ◽

Basma Ellahi

Keyword(s):

Disease Risk ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

World Health ◽

Easy Access ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Face To Face ◽

Home Based ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a person consumes at least 400g of Fruit and Vegetable (FV) daily to prevent chronic disease risk. We assessed knowledge of current WHO guidelines and other determinants of FV intake among adults (? 18 years, n = 397) in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. Face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire adopted from WHO Risk Factor Surveillance System were undertaken. Knowledge of FV daily servings and determinants of intake were evaluated by descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. There was a 99.2% response rate with approximately 9% of participants correctly stating the WHO daily recommended amount (P = .296). Most (54%) of respondents’ FV intake was affected by unavailability of desired choice (P = .050). Odds of inadequate consumption for persons aware of adequate intake amount was 1.97 (95% CI: 0.64, 6.05, P = .234) higher than persons without awareness. Participants with problems accessing their desired choice of FV had 0.59 odds (95% CI: 0.36, 0.95, P = .030) of consuming inadequate amount compared to those with easy access. Adequate FV intake depends on availability of consumer prefered choice regardless of knowledge of recommendations. Individual home based FV cultivation is relevant for availability of preferred choice and adequate consumption for NCDs risk reductions among Ghanaians.

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Biomedical Waste Management in Kandahar City

American International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences ◽

10.46545/aijbls.v1i2.55 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 40-48

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Waste Management ◽

International Standards ◽

World Health ◽

Human Beings ◽

Public And Private ◽

Biomedical Waste ◽

Public And Private Hospitals ◽

Health Organization ◽

Health Care Centers

Biomedical wastes management is one of the most important issues in public health centers and it is a crucial issue for environmental sectors as well. Wrong and inappropriate management treat the life of human beings in Kandahar City. Currently the population of this city has exponentially increased than ever because of the immigration of many people from neighboring provinces. This research was conducted in 15 districts of Kandahar public and private health care centers to identify the current biomedical waste management in Kandahar city. The qualitative and quantitative date was collected through a questionnaire from public and private hospitals, clinics and health care centers. In addition, discarding, segregating, labeling, transporting and disposing system of biomedical waste were observed. The result showed that 65.3% newly hired biomedical waste staff not received training or instruction. Furthermore, the result indicates that 44% generated biomedical wastes are regulated by municipality and color coding is not followed accordingly. Current biomedical waste is not appropriate based on designed international standards and the criteria suggested by world health organization.

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Consumption and Preferences of Fruits and Vegetables in Turkish Adults

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Hilal Hizli Güldemir ◽

Neda Yousefirad ◽

Cansu Akman ◽

Fatma Elif Sezer ◽

Havvanur Yoldas Ilktac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

World Health ◽

Face To Face ◽

Interview Method ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Dried Fruit ◽

Health Organization ◽

Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractHigh fruit and vegetable intake is associated with reduced risk of future chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of fruits and vegetables in adults living in Turkey.The study was performed with selected by random sampling method on total of 7693 individuals, who lives in different geographical regions in Turkey. The research data were obtained through a questionnaire applied in face-to-face interview method in June-September 2017. In the study the consumption status, preferences and daily amount of vegetables and fruits were questioned; height, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were evaluated. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS 22.0 program.33.2% of the participants were male; 66.8% are female. The mean age of the subjects was 34.8 ± 13.2 years and BMI was 25.3 ± 5.0 kg / m2. According to the World Health Organization, 5.1% of individuals were lean, 46.7% were normal, 30.9% were slightly obese and 17.2% were obese. 95.5% of individuals reported that they consume vegetables and 96.5% of them consume fruits. In vegetable consumption preferences, it was determined that 62.9% of the individuals consumed raw vegetables every day, 80.4% of cooked with meat dishes, 85.0% of cooked meatless dishes, and 59.0% of them consumed as roasted at least once a week. Boiled and steamed vegetables are preferred rarely. In fruit consumption preferences, it was found that 58.7% of the individuals consumed fresh fruits every day, 40.9% of dried fruit, 17.0% of compote and 28.0% of fruit juice at least once a week. BMI was found to be significantly higher in individuals who did not consume vegetables and fruits (p < 0.05).Although the majority of the individuals reported that they consumed vegetables and fruits in general, the BMI of 48.1% was above normal. Informative studies are needed to increase the amount and variety of consumption of vegetables and fruits in Turkish adults.

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Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research ◽

10.7895/ijadr.v0i0.218 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Sarah Callinan ◽

Anne-Marie Laslett ◽

Dag Rekve ◽

Robin Room ◽

Orratai Waleewong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Health ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Research Project ◽

Collaborative Project ◽

Face To Face ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Harm To Others ◽

International Collaborative ◽

Health Organization

Callinan, S., Laslett, A., Rekve, D., Room, R., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., Hanh, V., Hettige, S., Huckle, T., Ibanga, A., Obot, I., Rao, G., Siengsounthone, L., Rankin, G., & Thamarangsi, T. (2016). Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 25-32. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.218Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol’s harm to others internationally.Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled “The Harm to Others from Drinking,” along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future.Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others’ drinking to the respondent and the respondent’s children.Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons.Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture.Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others’ drinking cross-nationally.

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Pharmacovigilance quality system for vaccine monitoring (COVID-19) using quality indicators: a scoping review

International Journal of Infection Control ◽

10.3396/ijic.v17.21250 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mayra M. Moura de Oliveira ◽

Gabriela Arantes Wagner ◽

Vera L. Gattás ◽

Larissa de Souza Arruda ◽

Monica Taminato

Keyword(s):

Signal Detection ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

World Health ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Public And Private ◽

Health Organization ◽

Detection Of Signals

This scoping review responds to the appeal of the scientific community for collaboration between different entities for pharmacovigilance and active surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. The objective is to identify, systematically evaluate, and synthesize the best scientific evidence available on the indicators used in pharmacovigilance systems. Our results demonstrate that approximately 50% of the 25 studies used in this review have been carried out in the past 5 years. Of these, only four used the pharmacovigilance indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Eighty-seven pharmacovigilance indicators were identified, of which seven (8.0%) related to signal detection. While the WHO advocates signal detection as routine pharmacovigilance, in special situations – such as accelerated clinical studies where adverse events are not yet well known – other indicators related to signal detection appear to be good options for maintaining quality pharmacovigilance and active surveillance in the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, the less robust pharmacovigilance systems in low-income countries will necessitate greater involvement of health professionals from public and private sectors, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and the general public, to ensure information security and detection of signals for the COVID-19 vaccine.

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Teenagers Lifestyles at Public and Private Schools: Screen Time and Physical Activity (Estilos de vida de los adolescentes en las escuelas públicas y privadas: tiempo de pantalla y actividad física)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i31.53503 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 275-281

Author(s):

Miguel Fialho Pombeiro ◽

Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽

José Alves Diniz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Public Schools ◽

Private Schools ◽

Private School ◽

Screen Time ◽

International Health ◽

World Health ◽

Public And Private ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Health Organization

This study aims to compare lifestyles (LS) of students at private and public schools. All schools are from Lisbon´s region (Lisbon). Five lifestyles profiles (LSP) were recognized and interpreted based on physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). The methodology and the instruments used were adapted from the International Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). Overall, the sample consists of N=2906 students of both genders averagely aged 13.6 years (SD=1.8). The results showed that in both public and private school the access and use of technological equipment’s is being democratized, but that is not true with PA practice; students of private schools are more disciplined in PA and in ST consume.Rsumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de las escuelas públicas y privadas de la región de Lisboa. Cinco perfiles de estilo de vida fueron reconocidos e interpretados teniendo en cuenta la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla. La metodología y los instrumentos utilizados en este estudio son el resultado de una adaptación del Internacional Health Beaviour in School-aged Children en niños en edad escolar realizado bajo los auspicios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El estudio incluye N = 2906 estudiantes de ambos sexos, con una media de 13,6 años (SD = 1,8). Los resultados mostraron que en las escuelas públicas y privadas, hay una democratización del acceso y uso de la tecnología, pero no en la actividad física; estudiantes de colegios privados son más disciplinados en la práctica de la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla.Resumo. O presente estudo pretende comparar o estilo de vida dos alunos de escolas privadas e públicas da Região de Lisboa. Cinco perfis de estilo de vida, foram reconhecidos e interpretados em função da prática de atividade física e do tempo de ecrã. A metodologia e instrumentos utilizados neste estudo resultam de uma adaptação do estudo Internacional Health Beaviour in School-aged Children realizado sob a égide da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O estudo inclui N=2906 alunos de ambos os géneros, com uma média de idades de 13.6 anos (DP=1.8). Os resultados mostraram que em ambas as escolas públicas e privadas, existe uma democratização no acesso e na utilização tecnológica, mas não na prática de atividade física; os alunos das escolas privadas são mais disciplinados na prática de atividade física e no tempo de ecrã.

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