scholarly journals PANDEMIC AND “INFODEMIC”

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Rao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Plasmid Vaccine ◽  
Dear Reader ◽  
Dna Plasmid ◽  
One Year

Dear Reader, With the passage of about one year since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, huge amounts of scientific research data on COVID-19 are being generated daily and we have thus substantial information and understanding of the disease. While treatment with known anti-viral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, steroids and APIs continues, focus is now on the development and manufacturing of effective vaccines to protect the population at large. Several Indian companies are already conducting pan-India clinical trials of different vaccines. Bharat Biotech, in cooperation with the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Institute of Virology, has developed a whole-virion inactivated vaccine on an inactivated platform, which will be administered intramuscularly in two doses (0, 28d). Biological E. is clinically evaluating its adjuvant protein subunit (RBD) vaccine on a protein subunit platform, again administered intramuscularly in two doses (0, 28d). Cadila Healthcare has developed a DNA plasmid vaccine on a DNA platform, administered intradermally in three doses (0, 28, 56d). Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, together with the Russian Direct Investment Fund, will be conducting clinical trials of the Sputnik V adenovirus-based vaccine on non-replicating viral vector platform (developed by the Gamaleya National Research Institute). The Serum Institute of India, together with ICMR, is conducting clinical trials of the ChAdOx1-S AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine on a non-replicating viral vector, also administered intramuscularly in two doses (0, 28d).

Recent Advances in Clinical Trials of HCV Vaccines

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongneng Luo ◽  
Limin Jiang ◽  
Zi'an Mao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Preclinical Development

<p>  Hepatitis C virus infects nearly 3% of the global population, and spreads to 3-4 million new people annually. HCV infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end-stage liver diseases and causes liver-related death in more than 300,000 people each year. Unfortunately, there is currently no vaccine for HCV prevention (prophylactic vaccine) or treatment (therapeutic vaccine). Circulating HCV is genetically diverse, and therefore a broadly effective vaccine must target conserved T- and B-cell epitopes of the virus and induce strong cross-reactive CD4+/CD8+ T-cell and neutralizing antibody responses in preventing or clearing HCV infection. So far, a few of vaccine development approaches are successful and some of the HCV vaccine candidates have reached human clinical trials, including those modalities mainly based on recombinant proteins (envelope proteins and core protein subunit), synthetic peptides, DNA (plasmid) and viral vectors (virosome). Encouraging results were obtained for those HCV vaccine formulations consisting of prime-boost regimen involving a live recombinant viral vector vaccine alone or in combination with DNA or subunit vaccine. Among several other vaccine strategies under preclinical development, the most promising one is virus like particle based vaccine that will be moving into human studies soon.</p>

scholarly journals Frontrunners in the race to develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Russell ◽  
Peter Pelka ◽  
Brian L Mark
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Virus Recombinant ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Cellular Immune

Numerous studies continue to be published on the COVID-19 pandemic that is being caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the rapidly evolving global response to SARS-CoV-2, here we primarily review the leading COVID-19 vaccine strategies that are currently in Phase III clinical trials. Non-replicating viral vector strategies, inactivated virus, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccine platforms are all being pursued in an effort to combat the infection. Preclinical and clinal trial results of these efforts are examined as well as the characteristics of each vaccine strategy from the humoral and cellular immune responses they stimulate, effects of any adjuvants used, and the potential risks associated with immunization such as antibody dependent enhancement (ADE). A number of promising advancements have been made toward the development of multiple vaccine candidates. Preliminary data now emerging from phase III clinical trials show encouraging results for the protective efficacy and safety of at least three frontrunning candidates. There is hope that one or more will emerge as potent weapons to protect against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Insights into Potential Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Ke-Yan Loo ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Siew Li Teoh ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Positive Results

People around the world ushered in the new year 2021 with a fear of COVID-19, as family members have lost their loved ones to the disease. Millions of people have been infected, and the livelihood of many has been jeopardized due to the pandemic. Pharmaceutical companies are racing against time to develop an effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19. Researchers have developed various types of candidate vaccines with the release of the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in January. These include inactivated viral vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and recombinant viral vector vaccines. To date, several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use and they have been administered in countries across the globe. Meanwhile, there are also vaccine candidates in Phase III clinical trials awaiting results and approval from authorities. These candidates have shown positive results in the previous stages of the trials, whereby they could induce an immune response with minimal side effects in the participants. This review aims to discuss the different vaccine platforms and the clinical trials of the candidate vaccines.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Different Therapeutic Interventions on Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Gyanwali ◽  
Sitasma Sharma ◽  
Suman Pant ◽  
Pallavi Koirala ◽  
Kriti Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness. COVID-19 has now become a global public health crisis causing alarming numbers of morbidity and mortality. Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic started scientists, researchers, universities, companies, and institutions all around the world have been endeavoring to discover a potential treatment for COVID-19. Numerous studies and clinical trials on vaccines and drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are underway across the world. However, the uncertainty around the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens have become one of the biggest challenges in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2. This paper is a narrative review of articles regarding the various treatments and vaccines being tested for the SARS-CoV-2, available in the PubMed database along with Google Scholar. There are ongoing clinical trials on potential drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids tocilizumab, azithromycin, anakinra, etc. and other therapeutic modalities like convalescent plasma therapy. Likewise, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed and tested, including mRNA, non-replicating viral vector, DNA, protein subunit candidate vaccines, etc. Although some early-stage clinical trials and studies on these drugs and vaccines have shown positive results, definitive and conclusive results are yet to be obtained. Keywords: COVID-19; antiviral drugs; COVID-19 treatment; COVID-19 vaccine; SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Leading Vaccine Candidates: Progress and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Deeba Amraiz ◽  
Munazza Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Navid
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Successful Vaccine ◽  
The Status ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that originated in China in December 2019, spread globally and was declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO. The genome sequence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was made available publicly in an unprecedented time that allowed rapid research and development to combat this deadly virus. Due to the absence of therapeutics, vaccines could be a promising solution towards the control and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. As a quick response to this pandemic, the already established vaccine platforms are being explored for development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental vaccines are emerging in a record time. In this review various vaccine strategies that include nucleic acid (mRNA and DNA), viral vector based, partial or complete genome based inactivated, and protein subunit vaccines are summarized. We have also highlighted the status of clinical trials currently in progress and the preliminary findings of these frontrunner vaccine candidates. To eradicate the current COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent future outbreaks, successful vaccine platforms should be capable of scalable manufacturing and global distribution.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccines - A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Saurav Deka ◽  
Farah Iram ◽  
Niveditha Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nucleic Acid Vaccines ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Pros And Cons

Since the pandemic started, various clinical trials have been going on to develop COVID vaccines. Vaccines which have passed the clinical trials include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, virus like particles vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. There are several vaccines in phase III and IV trials, and more than ten vaccines have been approved or authorized. Most of these vaccines are efficacious and safe. However, there are various pros and cons of these vaccines. This review explains how these vaccines have been developed, their mechanism of action, advantages, and disadvantages of these vaccines, along with costing and post vaccination challenges. Keywords: Covid-19 vaccines, efficacy, safety, post-vaccination challenges.

scholarly journals Principles and Challenges in anti-COVID-19 Vaccine Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zuzana Strizova ◽  
Jitka Smetanova ◽  
Jirina Bartunkova ◽  
Tomas Milota
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Health It ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Safe Vaccine

The number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients keeps rising in most of the European countries despite the pandemic precaution measures. The current antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are only supportive, have limited efficacy, and the prevention in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus is the best hope for public health. It is presumed that an effective vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection could mobilize the innate and adaptive immune responses and provide a protection against severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. As the race for the effective and safe vaccine has begun, different strategies were introduced. To date, viral vector-based vaccines, genetic vaccines, attenuated vaccines, and protein-based vaccines are the major vaccine types tested in the clinical trials. Over 80 clinical trials have been initiated; however, only 18 vaccines have reached the clinical phase II/III or III, and 4 vaccine candidates are under consideration or have been approved for the use so far. In addition, the protective effect of the off-target vaccines, such as <i>Bacillus</i> Calmette-Guérin and measles vaccine, is being explored in randomized prospective clinical trials with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In this review, we discuss the most promising anti-COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials and different vaccination strategies in order to provide more clarity into the ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals Disrupting the LINC complex by AAV mediated gene transduction prevents progression of Lamin induced cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Jinfen Chai ◽  
Hendrikje Werner ◽  
Peter Yiqing Li ◽  
Yin Loon Lee ◽  
Khaing Thet Nyein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Gene Transduction ◽  
Linc Complex ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
One Year

AbstractMutations in the LaminA gene are a common cause of monogenic dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we show that mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific Lmna deletion develop cardiac failure and die within 3–4 weeks after inducing the mutation. When the same Lmna mutations are induced in mice genetically deficient in the LINC complex protein SUN1, life is extended to more than one year. Disruption of SUN1’s function is also accomplished by transducing and expressing a dominant-negative SUN1 miniprotein in Lmna deficient cardiomyocytes, using the cardiotrophic Adeno Associated Viral Vector 9. The SUN1 miniprotein disrupts binding between the endogenous LINC complex SUN and KASH domains, displacing the cardiomyocyte KASH complexes from the nuclear periphery, resulting in at least a fivefold extension in lifespan. Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the SUN1 miniprotein prevents cardiomyopathy progression, potentially avoiding the necessity of developing a specific therapeutic tailored to treating each different LMNA cardiomyopathy-inducing mutation of which there are more than 450.

scholarly journals Optimization of a New Non-viral Vector for Transfection: Eudragit Nanoparticles for the Delivery of a DNA Plasmid

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gargouri ◽  
A. Sapin ◽  
S. Bouali ◽  
P. Becuwe ◽  
JL Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vector ◽  
Dna Plasmid

scholarly journals Web Based Data Capture for Clinical Research

10.28945/3201 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Smith ◽  
Samuel Sambasivam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Electronic Data Capture ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Electronic Data Capture (EDC) is increasingly being used in the pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device industries to gather research data worldwide from doctors, hospitals and universities participating in clinical trials. In this highly regulated environment, all systems and software must be thoroughly tested and validated, a task that is burdensome in terms of time and cost. Starting with database structures that are designed to be copied easily, this paper proposes a simple framework that allows for rapid development and minimal testing. The framework includes tools for building modules, for copying modules from one trial to the next, and tools to validate that the modules are the same as modules that have been fully tested previously. A proof-of-concept prototype has been built to demonstrate certain tools and techniques that can be used when designing and building a simplified EDC interface.

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