Iron-Rich Salt and Antioxidants from Sea Sponge with Added Moringa Leaves as Potential Food Ingredients in Efforts to Alleviate Anemia

Based on the high prevalence of anemia of more than 24% population affected, the natural potential of Indonesia such as Sponge and Moringa leaves to be a salt product high in iron, and interconnection between this theoretical science and Islamic studies related to the utilization of natural materials, we want to explore how potential be a product that can be one of the efforts to alleviate anemia. Initial data collection to explore sponge types and types of plants rich in iron was done using data search portal NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) in the last five years starting from 2016/03/30 to 2021/03/28. Samples were formulated based on the comparison of seawater, sponge (Spongia sp), and moringa leaves in a composition as follows: Sample A (1:1:0.05), sample B (1:1:0.25), sample C (1:1:0.5) and control that did not use the addition of Moringa leaves (1:1). The analysis included testing antioxidant activity using DPPH, moisture content, NaCl, impurities sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and iron levels which were all done in three repetitions of each sample or triplicates and using analytical methods from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).Sponge sp is a type of sea sponge that is easy to find in the Indonesian country and can be combined with moringa leaves whose availability is also abundant in Indonesia, as a potential salt high in iron. This study obtained salt granules as much as 0.92 ± 0.22 kg. There was no difference in the results of salt granules from each sample, and there was no difference in the level of fineness of salt granules, namely 20-35 mesh or equivalent to crude salt. However, there were differences in the level of chemical it contains. Samples B, C, and control correspond to SNI 3556:2016 based on percentage of moisture content, Fe, calcium impurities, sulfate impurities, and magnesium impurities in all three samples. However, it is known that sample C is the one that has the highest iron levels compared to B and control samples, which means that sample C is the best sample and has antioxidant activity that is in line with the purpose of this study, which is an effort to alleviate iron deficiency anemia. This salt is also a salt that is Halal Tayyiban, which means not only halal but also good and healthy if consumed.

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Dynamic causal modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Italy predicts possible scenarios for the second wave

10.1101/2020.08.20.20178798 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Gandolfi ◽

Giuseppe Pagnoni ◽

Tommaso Filippini ◽

Alessia Goffi ◽

Marco Vinceti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Causal Modeling ◽

Dynamic Causal Modeling ◽

Model Inversion ◽

Italian Regions ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Using Data ◽

The One ◽

And Control ◽

Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked an intense debate about the factors underlying the dynamics of the outbreak. Mitigating virus spread could benefit from reliable predictive models that inform effective social and healthcare strategies. Crucially, the predictive validity of these models depends upon incorporating behavioral and social responses to infection that underwrite ongoing social and healthcare strategies. Formally, the problem at hand is not unlike the one faced in neuroscience when modelling brain dynamics in terms of the activity of a neural network: the recent COVID19 pandemic develops in epicenters (e.g. cities or regions) and diffuses through transmission channels (e.g., population fluxes). Indeed, the analytic framework known as "Dynamic Causal Modeling" (DCM) has recently been applied to the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding new light on the mechanisms and latent factors driving its evolution. The DCM approach rests on a time-series generative model that provides - through Bayesian model inversion and inference - estimates of the factors underlying the progression of the pandemic. We have applied DCM to data from northern Italian regions, which were the first areas in Europe to contend with the COVID-19 outbreak. We used official data on the number of daily confirmed cases, recovered cases, deaths and performed tests. The model - parameterized using data from the first months of the pandemic phase - was able to accurately predict its subsequent evolution (including social mobility, as assessed through GPS monitoring, and seroprevalence, as assessed through serologic testing) and revealed the potential factors underlying regional heterogeneity. Importantly, the model predicts that a second wave could arise due to a loss of effective immunity after about 7 months. This second wave was predicted to be substantially worse if outbreaks are not promptly isolated and contained. In short, dynamic causal modelling appears to be a reliable tool to shape and predict the spread of the COVID-19, and to identify the containment and control strategies that could efficiently counteract its second wave, until effective vaccines become available.

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Blastocystosis And Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women. A Call to Deep in A Little-Known Association

Journal of Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.33140/jgrm.05.02.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

Health Significance ◽

And Control

During the last twenty-five years, in parallel with the demonstration of a rapid increase of the global prevalence of blastocystosis, it has been documented the association between this parasitic infection and iron deficiency anemia in general population. More recently, it has been evidenced the high prevalence of blastocystosis in pregnant women and its association with iron deficiency anemia. Herein, we revise the most recent progress in the understanding of this association, the possible mechanisms that support it, including the Blastocystis subtypes involved, and its clinical consequences and public health significance. Taken in consideration the adverse impacts of anemia on the health of mothers and progeny, an adequate prevention and control of this parasitism during pregnancy may be mandatory. At the same time, and looking the problem from a more holistic multi-diseasebased perspective, the current initiatives to improve the prevention and control of intestinal parasitism in endemic areas may include in their communication strategies actions to inform, both at academic and community levels, about the possible adverse effects of blastocystosis on pregnancy evolution.

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Infection-associated hospitalizations of women in labour

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 739-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Kopeć-Godlewska ◽

Agnieszka Pac ◽

Anna Różańska ◽

Paweł Żbikowski ◽

Jerzy Rosiński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Quality Of Healthcare ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Using Data ◽

The One ◽

And Control

Abstract Background The article analyzes hospitalizations of women in the postpartum period in the Małopolska Province. Re-hospitalization of women as a result of puerperal complications may be used as an infection control quality measure in this patient population. Methods It was a population-based, retrospective analysis using data obtained from the Polish National Health Fund (paying for medical services, financed by all Polish employees contributing 9% of their salaries), collected routinely in 2013–14. The analysis encompassed 29 hospitals and 68 894 childbirths. Results In total, 1.7% of women were re-hospitalized and 563 of these re-hospitalizations (0.8%) were due to infection. Re-hospitalizations due to infections were significantly more often recorded among women who lived in villages compared with inhabitants of towns (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.23–1.98; P < 0.001) and in women giving birth in primary referral hospitals in comparison with the second referral or clinical hospitals (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.69–4.65; P < 0.001). On the one hand, the results of the study indicate that, in patients giving birth, the infection control system is not sensitive enough, and on the other hand, more detailed studies need to cover primary referral hospitals, specifically. Conclusions The problem of the infection-associated hospitalizations in the postpartum period is not reliably assessed by infection control professionals and constitutes a challenge for surveillance, including prevention and control. Complications associated with childbirth should be an indication of the quality of healthcare provision and knowledge of the scale of the problem should be the basis for its evaluation and prevention. This is especially true for infections in puerperas.

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PENGARUH VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DAN UMUR SIMPAN ROTI MANIS

JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN ◽

10.33061/jitipari.v5i1.3643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aulia Alfi

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Ash Content ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Life Analysis ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Physical And Chemical

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antimikroba (antivirus, antibakteri, dan antijamur). Sehingga VCO dapat memberikan efek pengawet pada bahan makanan, salah satunya adalah roti manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh VCO terhadap karakteristik (fisik dan kimia) dan umur simpan roti manis. Roti manis dianalisis secara fisik (tekstur dan porositas) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kandungan karbohidrat), dan analisis umur simpan dengan FFA, uji organoleptik dan jamur setiap dua hari selama delapan hari penyimpanan di suhu ruang. Variasi perlakuan roti manis adalah dari rasio konsentrasi VCO: margarin: mentega, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik kimia roti manis. Namun, VCO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air roti manis yang dihasilkan, roti manis K memiliki kadar air tertinggi (22,36%) dan berbeda dengan sampel roti manis lainnya. VCO secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur di roti manis pada konsentrasi 8%, 12%, dan 16%. Roti manis K dan A memiliki masa simpan 4 hari, sedangkan roti manis B, C, dan D memiliki masa simpan 6 hari.Kata kunci: VCO, roti manis, karakteristik, umur simpanABSTRACTVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) properties. So that VCO can provide a preservative effect on food ingredients, one of which is sweet bread. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of VCO on characteristics (physical and chemical) and shelf life of sweet bread. Sweet bread was analyzed physically (texture and porosity) and chemistry (moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content), and shelf life analysis with FFA, organoleptic and mold tests every two days for eight days of storage at ambient temperature. Treatment variations of sweet breads is from the ratio of the concentration of VCO: margarine: butter, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). The results showed that VCO did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of sweet bread. However, the VCO has a significant effect on the water content of the sweet bread produced, sweet bread K has the highest moisture content (22,36%) and it is different from other sweet bread samples. VCO effectively inhibits the growth of sweet bread mold at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. K and A sweet bread has a shelf life of 4 days, while sweet breads B, C, and D have a shelf life of 6 days.Keywords: VCO, sweet bread, characteristics, shelf life

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE TOTAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE TROPOSPHERE USING DATA OF GPS-MEASUREMENTS OVER THE KHARKOV REGION

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering ◽

10.1615/telecomradeng.v74.i10.70 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 911-920

Author(s):

A. L. Kovorotniy ◽

Yu. V. Goncharenko ◽

V. N. Gorobets ◽

F. V. Kivva ◽

A. I. Gorb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Gps Measurements ◽

Using Data ◽

Total Moisture Content

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Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Vajravatakmaņdura in Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i01.11635 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Rashmi Pareek Ayatullah Hosne Asif ◽

Nisha Kumari Ojha

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Programme ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Group A ◽

The Government ◽

Trial Drug ◽

And Control

Background: Anemia in adolescent girls possess greatest burden on their health as it leads to poor cognitive development, poor reproductive health and if not treated may lead to intrauterine growth retardation in their developing fetus. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent is 27% in developing country and 6% in developed country. The Government of India has launched National Anemia Control Programme, to prevent and control anaemia in children and adolescents. But the problem is still persisting because of many issues like - poor palatability, intolerance to the drug used, poor absorption of the drugs used, constipation, discoloration of stool, unpleasant odor and taste etc. result in poor compliance and therefore non adherence to the therapy which finally results in poor improvement. By looking at the magnitude of the problem, an Ayurveda drug Vajravatakmandura has been selected for the study and the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the trial drug in iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Material and methods: 100 subjects satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and were randomly divided in two groups. In group A, the trial drug Vajravatakmaņdura was administered and in group B, IFA tablets were given for two month of duration with follow up at every fortnight. Result: Both the trial and control groups showed extremely significant result over subjective parameters. Trial drug Vajravatakmaņdura in group A was found more effective over the subjective parameters - weakness, palpitation, pallor and loss of appetite with % gain of 39.77%, 39.39%, 39.17%, 38.09% respectively. Statistical analysis between before and after treatment findings of objective parameters, extremely significant (P less than 0.0001) improvement was found in both groups in all parameters, except for RBC count in group A, which was significant. No adverse effects were reported during entire period of study by any of the patients in trial group treated with trial drug. Conclusion: The trial drug “Vajravatakmandura” is effective, safe and palatable for the management of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls.

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An LQ Approach to Active Control of Vibrations in Helicopters

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.2801171 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 482-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sergio Bittanti ◽

Fabrizio Lorito ◽

Silvia Strada

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Active Control ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Control Effort ◽

Vibration Effect ◽

Suitable Definition ◽

Lq Optimal Control ◽

The One ◽

Definition Of ◽

And Control

In this paper, Linear Quadratic (LQ) optimal control concepts are applied for the active control of vibrations in helicopters. The study is based on an identified dynamic model of the rotor. The vibration effect is captured by suitably augmenting the state vector of the rotor model. Then, Kalman filtering concepts can be used to obtain a real-time estimate of the vibration, which is then fed back to form a suitable compensation signal. This design rationale is derived here starting from a rigorous problem position in an optimal control context. Among other things, this calls for a suitable definition of the performance index, of nonstandard type. The application of these ideas to a test helicopter, by means of computer simulations, shows good performances both in terms of disturbance rejection effectiveness and control effort limitation. The performance of the obtained controller is compared with the one achievable by the so called Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) approach, well known within the helicopter community.

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Association of Iron Supplementation Programs with Iron-Deficiency Anemia Outcomes among Children in Brazil

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1524

Author(s):

Carolina Thalya da Silva Paulino ◽

Marislei Nishijima ◽

Flavia Mori Sarti

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Federal Programs ◽

Government Programs ◽

Lengths Of Stay ◽

Social Inequities ◽

High Prevalence

Anemia remains a condition with high prevalence in populations worldwide, and the prevalence of anemia among children under five years old in Brazil is approximately 40%, being higher in communities marked by social inequities. Diverse government programs during recent decades targeted iron-deficiency anemia, considering its impacts throughout the lifetime. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two government iron supplementation programs on health outcomes related to iron-deficiency anemia among children up to 4 years old in Brazilian municipalities. A longitudinal panel encompassing data from 5570 municipalities from 1998 to 2019 was investigated using a difference-in-differences framework with multiple interventions and distinct times of adhesion, and fixed-effects models were estimated to control for invariant municipal characteristics throughout the period in order to ensure comparability. The results indicate significant effects of the federal programs in reducing hospitalizations and lengths of stay due to iron-deficiency anemia, especially in non-poor municipalities. There was complementarity in the effects of the programs; however, neither of the programs influenced mortality rates. Thus, it is important to consider possible improvements in the operationalization of the programs, in order to achieve better results in the reduction of severe iron-deficiency anemia among children up to 4 years old.

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Structural comparison of CD163 SRCR5 from different species sheds some light on its involvement in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 infection in vitro

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00969-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongfang Ma ◽

Rui Li ◽

Longguang Jiang ◽

Songlin Qiao ◽

Xin-xin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Host Cells ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Prrs Virus ◽

Rich Domain ◽

Serious Disease ◽

The One ◽

And Control

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious disease burdening global swine industry. Infection by its etiological agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), shows a highly restricted tropism of host cells and has been demonstrated to be mediated by an essential scavenger receptor (SR) CD163. CD163 fifth SR cysteine-rich domain (SRCR5) is further proven to play a crucial role during viral infection. Despite intense research, the involvement of CD163 SRCR5 in PRRSV infection remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we prepared recombinant monkey CD163 (moCD163) SRCR5 and human CD163-like homolog (hCD163L1) SRCR8, and determined their crystal structures. After comparison with the previously reported crystal structure of porcine CD163 (pCD163) SRCR5, these structures showed almost identical structural folds but significantly different surface electrostatic potentials. Based on these differences, we carried out mutational research to identify that the charged residue at position 534 in association with the one at position 561 were important for PRRSV-2 infection in vitro. Altogether the current work sheds some light on CD163-mediated PRRSV-2 infection and deepens our understanding of the viral pathogenesis, which will provide clues for prevention and control of PRRS.

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