scholarly journals Evaluation of Memory Impairment Following Prenatal Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu K ◽  
Badamosi Im ◽  
Saleh MS
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Impairment

Background: Developmental Neurotoxicity can lead to the buildup of reactive oxygen species which is an indicator to oxidative stress in the prenatally exposed offspring. Neuronal oxidative stress induces neuroinflammation, precedes tangle formation, and disrupts synaptic plasticity. The result of such changes may be expressed into adulthood as behavioral deficits. All together, these mechanisms are implicated in memory disorders. Objectives: To investigate the histochemical changes in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of Wistar rats' offspring after prenatal exposure to mosquito coil smoke and its effect on memory. . Methods: 12 pregnant Wistar rats were grouped into four, 3 animals per group. Group I was exposed to fresh air. Groups II, III, and IV were exposed to mosquito coil smoke for 4, 6 and 8 hours daily respectively throughout gestation period. On Post-natal day (PND) 28 and 29, shortterm spatial and recognition memory of adolescent wistar rats were assessed using water licking task and novel object recognition test respectively. For each animal group (I-IV), a total of 8 animals were randomly selected from the litters for neurobehavioral studies. Experimental animals were humanely sacrificed and sections from the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were processed for histochemical studies using Bielschowsky stain. Data were presented as mean ± SEM; analysed using One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test (p<0.05). Results and Conclusion: Our results showed significant impairment in short-term recognition and spatial memory of group III and IV adolescent wistar rats when compared with the control (p<0.05) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangle-like structures in neurons of the studied regions. .

scholarly journals Histological Changes of Wistar Rats' Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex After Prenatal Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu K ◽  
Sirajo MU ◽  
Saleh MS
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Women And Children

Background: The structural integrity of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex appears to be a prerequisite for normal acquisition of information about relational and contextual representation. Increased exposures to pyrethroids by pregnant women and children have raised concerns over their potentials as developmental neurotoxicants. Objectives: We studied the histological changes on the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of adolescent Wistar rats prenatally exposed to mosquito coil smoke (MCS). Methods: 30 adult Wistar rats (20 females, 10 males) were used for the study. Mating was induced, and pregnancy was confirmed. Pregnant animals were grouped into four, 3 animals per group. Group I was exposed to fresh air. Groups II, III, and IV were exposed to mosquito coil smoke for 4, 6 and 8 hours daily respectively throughout gestation period. On Post-natal day (PND) 29, experimental animals were humanely sacrificed and regions of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were processed for histological studies using H & E stain. Results and Conclusion: Our results showed that prenatal exposure to mosquito coil smoke caused neuronal degeneration, distortion in cytoarchitecture of cellular layers and vacuolations in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of prenatally exposed groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effects of Eugenol on Formaldehyde Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Samuel Mesole ◽  
◽  
Omachonu Okpanachi ◽  
Sunday Adebisi ◽  
Uthman Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Over the years, Formaldehyde (FA) has been linked to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and cognitive decline. However limited numbers of studies have shown the effect of eugenol on FA induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Therefore this study aimed at investigating the effects of eugenol on the FA induced toxicity in Wistar rats. A total of twenty male Wistar rats where divided into four groups: (Group I. 150 mg/kg eugenol; Group II, 5 mg/kg FA; Group III, 150 mg/kg eugenol + 5 mg/kg FA; Group IV/control, 2ml/kg distilled water) for thirty days. FA and eugenol were administered orally. Rats were humanely sacrificed under 0.8 mg/kg ketamine anaesthesia administered intraperitoneally. Cognitive tests using Morris water maze and Novel object recognition test were carried out, Oxidative stress parameters, acetylcholine activity and histometric analysis of hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA 1 and 3) pyramidal neuronal cells. Administration of FA resulted in significant (p<0.05) increased activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), intra-mitochondrial accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reduced activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholine levels. However co-administration of eugenol and FA resulted in significant (p<0.05) enhancement of cognitive ability and also significantly (p<0.05) reduced MDA and 8-OHdG levels, and increased SOD and acetylcholine levels. Our results indicate that eugenol would provide therapeutic value against FA induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C on Endosulfan-induced oxidative stress parameters in prepubertal rats

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Manokaran ◽  
Vasanthalaxmi Krishnananda Rao ◽  
Nilima . ◽  
Manjula Shimoga Durgoji Rao ◽  
Sucheta Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Testicular Weight

Introduction and Aim: Oxidative stress plays a very important role in endosulfan-induced toxic effects on reproductive organs. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant which plays an important role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin C against endosulfan-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. To investigate a protective effect of vitamin C against endosulfan induced toxicity on biochemical changes. Materials and Methods: Seventy male neonatal Wistar rats were divided into  seven groups. The group  I was taken as the control group, the endosulfan-treated were grouped into II (3 mg/kg body weight (BW) and group III (6 mg/kg BW), Group IV (9 mg/kg BW) and Group V (12 mg/kg BW). Group VI (9 mg/kg BW) and group VII (12 mg/kg BW) were pretreated with vitamin C (20 mg/kg BW) for 60 days. After  the experimental procedures, the testicular weight, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and testosterone in plasma, LDH, steroidogenic enzymes 3?-HSD and 17?-HSD in testis were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: Significant improvement in the testicular weight (P<0.05) , LDH (P<0.05) levels both in plasma and testis, increase in testosterone(P<0.001) and steroidogenic enzyme levels(P<0.001) was observed in the group pretreated with vitamin C treated group when compared to the endosulfan treated group. Conclusion: Vitamin C decreases the toxic effect of endosulfan on testis. The present action might be  due to its antioxidative properties.

scholarly journals OXYCAROTENOID LUTEIN REVERSES THE TOXICITY INDUCED BY CARBOFURAN IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Binitha P Purushothaman ◽  
Gayathri Valsan ◽  
Ramadasan Kuttan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Objective: Elucidation of the protective effect of lutein against carbofuran induced toxicity in Wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned into 5 groups of five animals. Group I normal received sunflower oil, Group 2 received carbofuran (5 mg/kg b. w.) alone. Group 3-5 received carbofuran plus lutein (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) respectively. Carbofuran and lutein administration were continued for 14 d. Neurobehavioural markers such as rotarod, grip strength test and pain threshold tests were carried out. After sacrifice, tissues were analysed for marker enzymes, antioxidant enzymes as well as oxidative stress markers.Results: Low dose of carbofuran was found to produce neurobehavioral problems as seen from the decreased retention time during rotarod test, endurance capacity in grip strength test and increased endurance capacity in pain threshold test. They were found to be significantly reversed by oral lutein administration. Administration of lutein restored the decreased acetylcholinesterase produced by carbofuran. Serum and tissue marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, which were increased by carbofuran were decreased by lutein administration. Lutein administration also reduced oxidative stress parameters which were increased by carbofuran.Conclusion: The results showed that carbofuran induced toxicity in male Wistar rats was reversed by carotenoid lutein.

scholarly journals Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Akheruz Zaman Ahmed ◽  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Prakashchandra Shetty ◽  
Melanie Rose D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant ( p  < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly ( p  < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intratesticular Injection of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (hADSC) on Testicular Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis Process in the Varicocele Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safendra Siregar ◽  
Bambang Sasongko Noegroho ◽  
Ricky Adriansjah ◽  
Akhmad Mustafa ◽  
Ananta Bonar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction: Varicocele is the predominant cause of male infertility and was found in 19% - 41% of men with primary infertility and 45% - 81% of men with secondary infertility. Human adipose Derived Stem Cells (hADSC) can suppress oxidative stress in some oxidative injury model. Therefore, this study would like to investigate the effect of intratesticular hADSC injection on MDA level and spermatogenesis process by histopathological examination in the varicocele rat model.Method: This is an experimental study. A total sampling of 9 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I consist of 1 Wistar rats without any treatment or model (sham group), group II consist of 4 Wistar rats with varicocele model without hADSC therapy (control group), and group III consist of 4 Wistar rats with varicocele model and were given injections of 1.0x106 hADSC cells intratesticularly 30 days after model was made (therapy group). Testicular tissue was harvested for evaluation. Results: In all varicocele model rats (group II and III), the result of MDA level in therapy group (2.53 mol/liter) was significantly lower than the MDA level in control group (4.43 mol/liter) (p = 0.01). On histopathological examination, the average Johnson's Score in the therapy and control group was 9,77 and 9,18, respectively. The analysis showed Johnson’s score in the intervention group was significantly higher (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Intratesticular injection of hADSC can help reduce MDA levels and improve spermatogenesis process, which is damaged by varicoceles.

scholarly journals Effect of sitagliptin on depression in male wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Vidya M. Mahalmani ◽  
Anil P. Hogade ◽  
Sanjay K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Growing evidence supports relationship between depression and inflammation. The hypothesis of involvement of inflammatory pathways in depression is supported by the findings of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. So, we decided to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on depression using forced swim test (FST) and possible effects of sitagliptin on serum oxidative stress markers and cytokine gene expression in rat hippocampus.Methods: FST model was used to evaluate antidepressant effect in male wistar rats. Rats in group I (control group) were given normal saline, group II (standard group) were given fluoxetine, group III and IV (test groups) were given sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and sitagliptin 9 mg/kg respectively. All the drugs in all groups were given per orally. At the end, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected. Hippocampus of rat brain was dissected out. Serum oxidative stress markers and hippocampal pro inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis was carried out.Results: Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg showed reduction in depressive symptoms and hippocampal cytokine gene expression in comparison to control. In case of serum oxidative stress markers, there was statistically significant reduction in nitric oxide levels with stagliptin 9 mg/kg. Although there was a decrease in the levels of catalase and increase in the levels of glutathione with standard and test groups, the results were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The present study showed significant antidepressant effect activity of standard and test groups. Hence, further research should be carried out to substantiate above results.

scholarly journals Effects of chronic exposure to lead, cadmium, and manganese mixtures on oxidative stress in rat liver and heart / Utjecaj kronične istodobne izloženosti olovu, kadmiju i manganu na oksidativni stres u jetri i srcu štakora

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Markiewicz-Górka ◽  
Lidia Januszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Michalak ◽  
Adam Prokopowicz ◽  
Ewa Januszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Alt Activity

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic combined exposure to low, environmental doses of Cd, Pb, and Mn on oxidative stress in the liver and heart of rats and on their liver function parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups. For nine months controls were receiving drinking water alone, whereas the exposed groups were receiving drinking water with Pb (0.2 mg L-1), Cd (1 mg L-1), and Mn (2 mg L-1) alone or in combinations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in both heart and liver of the animals after combined exposure to metals. Heart MDA correlated with blood Cd, Pb, and Mn and liver MDA with blood Cd. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and bilirubin concentration also increased significantly in the animal group exposed to all three metals and correlated positively with blood Cd, Pb, and Mn. Our study has confirmed the synergistic effect of the Cd, Mn, and Pb combination on the increase in heart MDA. A similar synergy was observed for Pb+Mn in the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as an indicator of liver function.

scholarly journals Hybrid organotin compounds — modulators of apoptotic processes in the liver when administered once and repeatedly to Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M. A. Dodokhova ◽  
I. M. Kotieva ◽  
А. V. Safronenko ◽  
V. G. Trepel ◽  
M. S. Alkhuseyn–Kulyaginova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Organotin Compounds ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Group I

Introduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of hybrid organotin compounds bis(3,5–di– tert–butyl–4–hydroxyphenylthiolate) dimethylol (Me3) and ((3,5–di–tert–butyl–4–hydroxyphenylthiolate) triphenylolol (Me5) on the level of markers of oxidative stress and apoptotic processes in the mitochondria during acute and subchronic intragastric administration to Wistar rats (females) in the maximum tolerated dose. Materials and methods. The objects of study were hybrid organotin compounds, the administration was carried out at the maximum tolerated dose of 2000 mg/kg (Me3) and 750 mg/kg (Me5) with a single and multiple intragastric administration. The study was conducted on 60 Wistar rats (females) weighing 190-210g. The concentration of cytochrome C (ng / g protein), caspase-9(ng / g protein), 8-hydroxy-2' — deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (ng/g protein), malondialdehyde (MDA) (nM / g protein)was determined in mitochondrial liver samples using test systems by enzyme immunoassay; by the biochemical method-the amount of protein (mg / ml) — by the biuretic method. Results. Me3 in both series of the experiment showed itself as a more pronounced antioxidant than Me5, which did not show its antioxidant properties. In group I animals, there were no statistically significant differences in the level of MDA and Cit C in relation to the control group, no mitDNA damage was detected, but K9 activity increased by 17%. With the introduction of Me5, the value of the MDA indicator increased by 55.5%, 8 — OHdG by 12.4% and Cit C by 66.2%. In group IV, the amount of MDA as the final product of lipid peroxidation (POL) increased by 13.6%, in group V by 22.5%. With the introduction of Me3, the level of Cit C was reduced by 23.5%, with the introduction of Me5, on the contrary, it was slightly increased. K9 activity was reduced in both experimental groups, by 9.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Discussion. Hybrid OOS containing a fragment of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol have a dual structure. The tin-containing component is prooxidant, and the radical of the spatially hindered phenol, on the contrary, is antioxidant. It is the different ratio of the described fragments in the molecules of the substances under study, in our opinion, that led to the appearance of different degrees of influence on the metabolism of mitochondria. Conclusion. Both substances that modulate changes in oxidative stress and the activity of apoptotic processes are recommended for further research as antitumor medicinal agents.

scholarly journals The beneficial effect of a phytonutrient-rich product against cadmium chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Omotayo Babatunde Ilesanmi ◽  
Ridwan Abiodun Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the hepatorenal protective effects of trévo, on cadmium-induced renal and hepatic injury in male Wistar rats. Methods. Fifteen healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of five rats per group. Group I (control); group II (35mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2); Group III (2 ml/kg trévo+ CdCl2. The rats were treated with trévo (2ml/kg orally) and administered CdCl2 3 hrs later. Twenty-four hours after the last administration rats were sacrificed and blood was collected via cardiac puncture and processed for hematological parameters and assessment of urea, creatinine (CREA), and uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin (ALB). The liver and kidney were excised and processed for markers of oxidative stress. Results intraperitoneal administration of 35 mg/kg of CdCl2 caused a significant increase in serum concentration of urea, CREA, UA, AST, ALT, while the concentration of ALB was significantly lower (P<0.0001). CdCl2 caused a significant reduction in packed cell volume, hemoglobin while the total white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were increased. Oxidative stress was significantly pronounced in the liver and kidney of rats exposed to CdCl2 as observed in the high concentration of malondialdehyde, decreased concentration of glutathione, the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Pretreatment with trévo was able to significantly prevent the anemic, oxidative damage, renal and hepatic injury initiated by CdCl2. Conclusions. The study reveals that trévo is effective in attenuating cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male Wistar rats.

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