scholarly journals Effects of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Degradation Properties of 3D-Printed Calcium-Sulphate-Based Scaffolds

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuoxin Zhou ◽  
Christina A. Mitchell ◽  
Fraser J. Buchanan ◽  
Nicholas J. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Scaffold Structure ◽  
Degradation Properties

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has been employed to fabricate scaffolds with advantages of fully controlled geometries and reproducibility. In this study, the scaffold structure design was established through investigating the minimum feature size and powder size distribution. It was then fabricated from the 3DP plaster-based powders (CaSO4·1/2H2O). Scaffolds produced from this material demonstrated low mechanical properties and a rapid degradation rate. This study investigated the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical and in vitro degradation properties of the CaSO4 scaffolds. The occurrence of dehydration during the heating cycle offered moderate improvements in the mechanical and degradation properties. By using a heat treatment protocol of 200°C for 30 min, compressive strength increased from 0.36 ± 0.13 MPa (pre-heat-treated) to 2.49 ± 0.42 MPa (heat-treated). Heat-treated scaffolds retained their structure and compressive properties for up to two days in a tris-buffered solution, while untreated scaffolds completely disintegrated within a few minutes. Despite the moderate improvements observed in this study, the heat-treated CaSO4 scaffolds did not demonstrate mechanical and degradation properties commensurate with the requirements for bone-tissue-engineering applications.

“In vitro” and in Animal Model Studies on a Double Virus- Inactivated Factor VIII Concentrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (03) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Arrighi ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Borri ◽  
Vladimir Lesnikov ◽  
Marina Lesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Heat Treated

SummaryTo improve the safety of plasma derived factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate, we introduced a final super heat treatment (100° C for 30 min) as additional virus inactivation step applied to a lyophilized, highly purified FVIII concentrate (100 IU/mg of proteins) already virus inactivated using the solvent/detergent (SID) method during the manufacturing process.The efficiency of the super heat treatment was demonstrated in inactivating two non-lipid enveloped viruses (Hepatitis A virus and Poliovirus 1). The loss of FVIII procoagulant activity during the super heat treatment was of about 15%, estimated both by clotting and chromogenic assays. No substantial changes were observed in physical, biochemical and immunological characteristics of the heat treated FVIII concentrate in comparison with those of the FVIII before heat treatment.

Electrochemical construction and sodium storage performance of three-dimensional porous self-supported MoS2 electrodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yong Fan ◽  
Pan Liu ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Jiaxing Han ◽  
Kefan Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Volumetric Expansion ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
High Temperature Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling ◽  
Sodium Storage

Three-dimensional (3D) porous self-supported MoS2 electrodes are constructed by electrodepositing coupled with high-temperature heat treatment using 3D porous Cu prepared via electroless plating as the substrate, and directly used as anode of sodium-ion battery. The 3D porous structure can accommodate the volumetric expansion/shrinkage and alleviate the stress caused from the large volumetric changes of MoS2 electrodes during electrochemical cycling. Meanwhile, large surface area of this unique configuration enables sufficient electrode/electrolyte interaction and fast electron transportation. Besides, the influence of heat treatment temperatures on the sodium storage performance of MoS2 electrode is also investigated. The electrochemical test result shows that the 3D porous self-supported MoS2 electrode heat treated at 350[Formula: see text]C has the best electrochemical performance. It demonstrates a high first reversible capacity of 714.1[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] at 50[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text] with a high first Coulombic efficiency of 84%, and a good capacity retention of 306.8[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] after 100 cycles at 2[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text]. The reversible capacity at 3.2[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text] shows high value of 241[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text], which is 37% of that at 0.05[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text].

scholarly journals White-Ceramic Conversion on Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Surface for Dental Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Obata ◽  
Eri Miura-Fujiwara ◽  
Akimitsu Shimizu ◽  
Hirotaka Maeda ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast ◽  
Cp Ti

Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy has excellent mechanical properties and bone conductivity. For dental application, TNTZ surfaces were converted to white oxidized layer by a simple heat treatment in air to achieve the formation of aesthetic surfaces. The oxidized layer formed by the heat treatment at 1000°C for 0.5 or 1 hr was whiter and joined to TNTZ substrate more strongly than that formed by the treatment at 900°C. The layer consisted of TiO2(rutile), TiNb2O7, and TiTa2O7and possessed ~30 μm in thickness for the sample heat-treated at 1000°C and ~10 μm for that heat-treated at 900°C. The surface average roughness and the wettability increased after the heat treatment. The spreading and proliferation level of mouse osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1 cell) on the heat-treated sample were almost the same as those on as-prepared one. The cell spreading on TNTZ was better than those on pure titanium (CP Ti) regardless of the heat treatment for the samples. There was no deterioration in thein vitrocell compatibility of TNTZ after the oxidized layer coating by the heat treatment.

scholarly journals The effect of heat treatment on thermal conductivity of paulownia wood

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
Z. Pásztory ◽  
S. Fehér ◽  
Z. Börcsök
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Paulownia Wood

AbstractThe thermal conductivity properties of wood of Paulownia Clones in Vitro 112 were investigated after heat treatment at temperatures of 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C. After the treatment, the density decreased by 5.6, 8.9, and 14.1% for the samples heat-treated at 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C, respectively. The decrease in the thermal conductivity was 0, 2.6 and 15.7%, respectively. The thermal conductivity of kiri wood after thermal treatment at 220 °C was 0.064 W/mK, which is almost the same as that of thermal insulation materials.

scholarly journals Microstructural, Surface Topology and Nanomechanical Characterization of Electrodeposited Ni-P/SiC Nanocomposite Coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsongas ◽  
Dimitrios Tzetzis ◽  
Alexander Karantzalis ◽  
George Banias ◽  
Dimitrios Exarchos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Heat Treated

In the present study, nickel phosphorous alloys (Ni-P) and Ni-P/ silicon carbide (SiC) nanocomposite coatings were deposited by electrodeposition on steel substrates in order for their microstructural properties to be assessed while using SEM, XRD, and three-dimensional (3D) profilometry as well as nanoindentation. The amorphisation of the as-plated coatings was observed in all cases, whereas subsequent heat treatment induced crystallization and Ni3P intermetallic phase precipitation. Examination of the surface topology revealed that the surface roughness follows the deposition characteristics and heat treatment induced microstructural changes. Additionally, substantial improvements in mechanical properties, including hardness, yield stress, and elasticity modulus, were obtained for the Ni-P, Ni-P/SiC nanocomposites when heat treated as seen from the nanoindentation results. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was developed to simulate the nanoindentation tests that enable the precise extraction of the Ni-P and Ni-P/SiC nanocomposite coatings’ stress-strain behavior. It is shown that the correlation between the nanoindentation tests and the computational models was satisfactory, while the stress-strain curves revealed higher yield points for the heat-treated samples.

Therapy of Virus-Infected Plants by Heat Treatment I. Some Properties of Tomato Aspermy Virus and Its Inactivation at 36°C

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Johnstone ◽  
GC Wade
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tomato Aspermy Virus ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Enzyme Class

An isolate of tomato aspermy virus (TAV) was inactivated both in vivo and in vitro at 36°C. Inactivation took the form of a second or higher order reaction, which indicated that loss of infectivity was not due solely to a direct effect of high temperature on the virus. The concentration of polyphenoloxidases increased greatly in tobacco plants grown at 36°C, and evidence was obtained to indicate that this enzyme class, either directly or indirectly, enhanced the inactivation of TAV during heat treatment. The concentration of ribonucleases also increased in heat-treated tissues and these may have aided the inactivation, as the infectivity of TAV was shown to be destroyed by RNase in tests in vitro. The pH and ionic strength of the sap decreased in heated plants and these changes may have been significant as TAV had critical requirements of buffer pH and molarity for optimum infectivity. The alterations in cellular metabolism responsible for these changes result from heat-induced stress. Therefore, the optimum temperature for therapy of many viruses by heat treatment is likely to vary with the host in which it is treated, depending upon the host's heat tolerance.

Evaluation of moist heat treatment of canola meal on digestion in the rumen, small intestine, large intestine and total digestive tract of steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
J. R. Ingalls
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of heat treatment on canola meal (CM) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradability in the rumen and digestion in the small and large intestines and total digestive tract of steers was determined. CM was moist-heat-treated at 127 °C for 15 and 45 min. The degradation of DM and N was estimated using small nylon bags in the rumen for 0.1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. The mobile bag technique with an in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution was used with a separate set of bags to estimate the digestion of each nutrient in the small and large intestines as well as the total digestive tract for rumen incubation times of 8, 16 and 24 h. Chemical analysis of heated CM showed a significant reduction in soluble N, sucrose and glucosinolate content while the concentration of ADIN increased. Treatment significantly reduced the degradation of DM and N in the rumen while the digestibility of DM and N in the small intestine increased with both treatments proportional to the decreased rumen degradation. Heat treatment had no effect on DM and N digestibility at the large intestine site. Total tract disappearance of DM and N were not affected by 15 min heating; however, after 45 min heating, DM and N disappearances were reduced. Moist heat treatment was effective in reducing rumen disappearance of CM nitrogen while it increased the N digestion in the small intestine. Key words: Heat treatment, canola meal, ruminant intestine, protein digestion

scholarly journals Enhanced angiogenesis by the hyaluronic acid hydrogels immobilized with a VEGF mimetic peptide in a traumatic brain injury model in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaju Lu ◽  
Fengyi Guan ◽  
Fuzhai Cui ◽  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
Lingyun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Mimetic Peptide ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Scaffold Structure ◽  
Neurovascular Niche

Abstract Angiogenesis plays an important role in brain injury repair, which contributes to the reconstruction of regenerative neurovascular niche for promoting axonal regeneration in the lesion area. As a major component of developing brain extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid (HA) has attracted more attention as a supporting matrix for brain repair. In the present study, HA-KLT hydrogel was developed via modifying HA with a VEGF mimetic peptide of KLT (KLTWQELYQLKYKGI). The characterization of the hydrogel shows that it could provide a porous, three-dimensional scaffold structure, which has a large specific surface area available for cell adhesion and interaction. Compared with the unmodified HA hydrogel, the HA-KLT hydrogel could effectively promote the attachment, spreading and proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, the pro-angiogenic ability of hydrogels in vivo was evaluated by implanting them into the lesion cavities in the injured rat brain. Our results showed that the hydrogels could form a permissive interface with the host tissues at 4 weeks after implantation. Moreover, they could efficiently inhibit the formation of glial scars at the injured sites. The HA-KLT hydrogel could significantly increase the expression of endoglin/CD105 and promote the formation of blood vessels, suggesting that HA-KLT hydrogel promoted angiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, the HA-KLT hydrogel has the potential to repair brain defects by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the formation of glial-derived scar tissue.

Adsorption of zearalenone by Aspergillus japonicus conidia: new trends for biological decontamination in animal feed

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jard ◽  
T. Liboz ◽  
F. Mathieu ◽  
A. Guyonvarc'h ◽  
A. Lebrihi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Aspergillus Japonicus ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. on a wide variety of grains. The presence of ZEA impairs farm animal health. In this study, the ability to remove ZEA by conidia of Aspergilli was evaluated in vitro. This mycotoxin was successfully eliminated in vitro by living and heat-treated conidia just after conidial inoculation, especially by Aspergillus japonicus Mu541 (IMI389204) conidia. Consequently, components involved in adsorption are not affected by heat-treatment. The influence of pH on ZEA removal was also determined. Results have shown that ZEA removal was 53% at pH 2 while 2% removal was observed at pH 11. Then, the adsorption capacity was evaluated in vitro in porcine gastrointestinal tract conditions. We observed that there was better adsorption in acidic stomach conditions. Finally, the phenomenon has been modelled using Hill's equation. This model was very suitable and confirmed better adsorption at acidic pH. Aspergilli section Nigri conidia were able to adsorb ZEA instantaneously especially in acidic conditions as in the stomach. The use of heat-treated conidia could be a very interesting means of decreasing ZEA levels in animal feed. It must now be assessed directly on naturally contaminated feed and on animals.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SEED OF AN UNDER UTILIZED LEGUME (Mucuna utili)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
E. A. IYAYI ◽  
J. I. EGHAREVBA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Vitro Protein

The effect of heat treatment and germination on the proximate and mineral composition, HCH, tannins, phytic acid and the in vitro protein digestibility of Mucuna utilis seeds were studied. The raw seeds had a protein content of 35.4%, 7.7% crude fibre, 3.2% ether extract, 5.8% ash and 47.9% carbohydrates on a dry matter basis. The germinated and dehulled seeds had 40.5% crude protein 2.2% crude fibre, 3.4% ether extract, 7.0% ash 47.0% carbohydrates, while the heat -treated seeds had 34.4% crude protein, 11.9% crude fibre, 3.3% ether extract, 9.4% ash and 41.1% carbohydrates. Potassium and iron were the most abundant minerals while the least were sodium and copper. Germination caused a reduction in the levels of all minerals while heat treatment also caused a reduction in the levels of the minerals but with exception of Ca, Mg and Zn. Processing caused a reduction in all the levels of anti-nutritional factors assayed. The in-vitro protein digestibility of the raw seeds was 89.4%; 91.7% for the heat-treated seeds and 76.0% for the germinated seeds.

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