scholarly journals Description of human infestations by ticks in Panama and Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e1241
Author(s):  
Sergio Bermúdez C. ◽  
Vicente Greco-Mastelari ◽  
Yamitzel Zaldívar ◽  
Michelle Hernández ◽  
Lillian Domínguez A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Rule Out

Tick bites in humans are associated with the transmission of pathogens, anaphylactic shock, paralysis, and secondary infections. In this work we described six cases of tick bites in patients from Panama and Costa Rica. These bites were provoked for adults of Ornithodoros puertoricensis, Amblyomma cf. oblongoguttatum, Amblyomma ovale, and Ixodes cf. boliviensis, and a nymph of Amblyomma mixtum. The relationships of these species of ticks with the environment are explained. Among the reactions observed in the patients there are blisters, maculo-papular rash, granuloma, lymphadenopathy, and erythema migrans-like rash, but none referred symptoms compatible with an infectious disease. In the collected ticks a PCR battery was developed to rule out Borrelia, Rickettsia, Anaplasmataceae, and Coxiella diseases to the ticks from the cases 1, 2, 3 and 4, with negative results. Although no pathogen infections were evidenced, these finding indicate that the tick bites constitute a public health problem what goes unnoticed in many countries.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF CHAGASIC INFECTION IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS IN A BLOOD CENTER IN THE STATE OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Navarro ◽  
Renata Leme Goto ◽  
Isabella Silva Ricoboni ◽  
Jose Eduardo Corrente ◽  
Rita Maria Saccomano Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Blood Center ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The City

SUMMARY This study aimed at estimating the number of cases of non-negative serological reactions to Chagas disease in blood donors at the Blood Center of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010 and at relating them to their cities of origin. Five hundred and seventy-four non-negative results for Chagas disease were evaluated. Of these, 371 (64.8%) were reagent, and 203 (35.4%) were inconclusive. The prevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors was 0.05%. There were, on average, 72 cases/year, and a prevalence of males was observed (64.8%). Forty-three (7.49%) individuals were 18 to 30 years old; 92 (16.02%) were 31 to 40; 147 (25.61%) 41 to 50, and 292 (50.87%) were older than 50 years. It was observed that 29.3% of females with reagent serology were at their fertile age (18 and 45 years). The majority of donors were originally from cities in the southwestern and central regions of São Paulo, but individuals from other states contributed with 20%. The provenance of most donors was the city of Botucatu/SP, followed by the city of Taquarituba/SP. Therefore, the profile of donors at this blood center favors the occurrence of a larger number of non-negative serological reactions. Although there has been a significant reduction in the number of new cases/year for this disease, it is still a public-health problem, and results suggest the need for new epidemiological assessments in the studied region.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI IN MUNICIPALITIES IN THE MARANHÃO STATE, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Castro Mendes ◽  
Diogo Marcelo Lima Ribeiro ◽  
Bruna Oliveira Melo ◽  
Maria Rosa Quaresma Bomfim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
Basic Sanitation

Schistosomiasis is a serious parasitic infectious disease, one of the most important waterborne diseases, which is closely related to poverty, lack of health education and basic sanitation. It is a public health problem in Brazil, presenting endemic in some municipalities in the Maranhão State. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the research profile of schistosomiasis mansoni in some endemic municipalities in the Maranhão State. A descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study was carried out with data obtained in “Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE) – MA” (Program for Schistosomiasis Control) between 2005 and 2015. We evaluated 42, 40 and 25 municipalities in the years 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively. In 2005 the population evaluated was 184787, in 2010 162220 and in 2015 they were only 48484. The highest number of people evaluated in the year 2015 was in São Luís (8068) and the lowest was in Tutoia (83). The municipalities of Bacurituba, Guimarães, Guimaraes, Mirinzal, Paulino Neves and São João Batista presented a survey coverage of schistosomiasis major in the year 2015, compared to 2005 and 2010. Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in the Maranhão State, however, its scope of research is still low, taking into account the number of endemic municipalities, sites susceptible to infection and the number of people examined.Key words: Schistosomiasis; Schistosoma mansoni; Maranhão.

scholarly journals Number of confirmed cases of viral hepatitis in Brazil between 2010 and 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Filipe Sales Nunes ◽  
Lucas Facco ◽  
Amanda Alves Fecury ◽  
Maria Helena Mendonça de Araújo ◽  
Euzébio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Demand For Health

Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease that attacks the liver, and its causative agents are viruses. This work aims to demonstrate the number of confirmed cases of viral hepitis in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2015. A survey was carried out in the DATASUS database on the website (http://datasus.saude.gov. br /). Hepatitis represents a vast public health problem in Brazil. Of those infected, a large portion is composed of male individuals, with the visible lower demand for health services an important factor for this finding. Hepatitis B and C are the most common among viral hepatitis and one of the important factors that contribute to the rate of infection by the hepatitis viruses is their co-infection with HIV. Laboratory tests (immunoassay, molecular test) must be performed to detect markers and determine the etiologic agent that causes the pathology.

scholarly journals ANGKA KEJADIAN MEROKOK PADA PASIEN TB PARU YANG BEROBAT DI POLIKLINIK DOTS PADA BULAN NOVEMBER 2014

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widyanita K. Silo ◽  
M. C. P. Wongkar ◽  
Yuanita A. Langi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Keywords Lung

Abstract: Lung Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that remains as a public health problem. Several studies suggest a significant relationship between smoking and lung tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis in DOTS Polyclinic Prof. Dr R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive cross - sectional study conducted in October 2014. Samples included 57 people. Total of lung tuberculosis patients who smoked were 33 people; 28 were males (84.8 %). In the age group of 56-65 years there were 9 people (27.3 %). The most frequent of jobs were self-employed (8 people; 24.2 %). The results showed that the incidence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis approximately 57.9 %. Keywords: lung tuberculosis, smoking.Abstrak: Penyakit TB paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dalam masyarakat. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok dengan TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional terhadap pasien TB paru yang berobat di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada bulan November 2014. Sampel berjumlah 57 orang. Jumlah pasien TB paru yang merokok adalah 33 orang, dimana jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki yaitu 28 orang (84,8%). Kelompok umur 56-65 tahun adalah yang terbanyak yaitu 9 orang (27,3%), dan pekerjaan terbanyak adalah wiraswasta 8 orang (24,2%). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru sekitar 57,9% dari keseluruhan data.Kata kunci: TB paru, merokok

scholarly journals Indeterminate leprosy and lepromatous index case: four cases in the same family

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Priscilla Martins da Silva ◽  
Heloisa Helena Ramos Fonseca ◽  
Mariana Mazzochi Sens ◽  
Alvaro Thadeu Bender
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
The World

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Brazil remains as the country with the second largest number of cases in the world. We report the case of three patients diagnosed with indeterminate leprosy in the same family. Two patients were HIV positive. An active search led to the discovery of the index case. It was crucial to persist in the search of the index case. This report shows how important it is to teach physicians and the general population about the signs and symptoms of leprosy. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent sequelae and to eliminate the disease as a public health problem.

scholarly journals Seizures and Praziquantel. A case report

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime R. Torres R. ◽  
Oscar Noya G. ◽  
Belkysyolé A. de Noya ◽  
Alejandro Mondolfi G.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Rule Out

A 27 year Old male developed seizures after receiving a single 20 mg/kg dose of praziquantel for the treatment of an intestinal Hymenolepis nana infection. On further clinical and laboratorial evaluations, he was found to suffer from an until then asymptomatic parenchymal brain cysticercosis. Praziquantel must be used with caution in those areas where cysticercosis represents a mayor public health problem. The occurrence of unexpected seizures in an individual being treated with the compound, must prompt clinicians to rule out cysticercosis of the CNS.

scholarly journals An open challenge to advance probabilistic forecasting for dengue epidemics

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (48) ◽  
pp. 24268-24274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Johansson ◽  
Karyn M. Apfeldorf ◽  
Scott Dobson ◽  
Jason Devita ◽  
Anna L. Buczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasting ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of research has promised new tools for forecasting infectious disease dynamics, but little of that research is currently being applied in practice, because tools do not address key public health needs, do not produce probabilistic forecasts, have not been evaluated on external data, or do not provide sufficient forecast skill to be useful. We developed an open collaborative forecasting challenge to assess probabilistic forecasts for seasonal epidemics of dengue, a major global public health problem. Sixteen teams used a variety of methods and data to generate forecasts for 3 epidemiological targets (peak incidence, the week of the peak, and total incidence) over 8 dengue seasons in Iquitos, Peru and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Forecast skill was highly variable across teams and targets. While numerous forecasts showed high skill for midseason situational awareness, early season skill was low, and skill was generally lowest for high incidence seasons, those for which forecasts would be most valuable. A comparison of modeling approaches revealed that average forecast skill was lower for models including biologically meaningful data and mechanisms and that both multimodel and multiteam ensemble forecasts consistently outperformed individual model forecasts. Leveraging these insights, data, and the forecasting framework will be critical to improve forecast skill and the application of forecasts in real time for epidemic preparedness and response. Moreover, key components of this project—integration with public health needs, a common forecasting framework, shared and standardized data, and open participation—can help advance infectious disease forecasting beyond dengue.

scholarly journals Características e aspectos epidemiológicos dos casos de tuberculose em um município da amazônia legal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Alesandro Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Rosa Sales Hydall ◽  
Denisa Rosa de Souza ◽  
Jovane De Lima Borges ◽  
Doris Sobrinho dos Anjos Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City

A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa que constitui um grave problema de saúde pública no país. O objetivo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico-clínico da tuberculose no município de Rio Branco-AC, no período de 2016-2017. Estudo retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, sobre os casos de tuberculose ocorridos no município de Rio Branco-AC, no período de 2016-2017. Os dados foram extraídos da base de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Foram notificados 700 casos de tuberculose, que ao realizar a distribuição, constatou-se que a doença acometeu principalmente o sexo masculino com 75,9% (531), na faixa etária entre 20-39 anos com 59,4% (416) e com ensino fundamental incompleto 34% (238). Além disso, verificou-se que a tuberculose pulmonar apresentou o maior percentual com 87,9% (615), e que 62,4% (437) obtiveram cura e 1,3% (9) foram a óbitos pela doença. Destaca-se ainda a necessidade de fortalecer as ações de saúde no município.Descritores: Tuberculose, Perfil epidemiológico, Saúde Pública. Epidemiological characteristics and aspects of tuberculosis cases in a municipality of legal amazonAbstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is a serious public health problem in the country. The objective was to describe the epidemiological-clinical profile of tuberculosis in the city of Rio Branco-AC, from 2016-2017. Retrospective study with a quantitative approach on tuberculosis cases in the city of Rio Branco-AC, from 2016-2017. Data were extracted from the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). 700 cases of tuberculosis were reported, which when performing the distribution, found that the disease mainly affected males with 75.9% (531), aged 20-39 years with 59.4% (416) and with incomplete primary education 34% (238). In addition, it was found that pulmonary tuberculosis had the highest percentage with 87.9% (615), and 62.4% (437) had cure and 1.3% (9) died from the disease. It also highlights the need to strengthen health actions in the municipality.Descriptors: Tuberculosis, Epidemiological Profile, Public Health. Características epidemiológicas y aspectos de los casos de tuberculosis en un municipio en el amazonía legalResumen: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa que es un grave problema de salud pública en el país. El objetivo fue describir el perfil epidemiológico-clínico de la tuberculosis en la ciudad de Rio Branco-AC, de 2016 a 2017. Estudio retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo sobre casos de tuberculosis en la ciudad de Rio Branco-AC, 2016-2017. Los datos fueron extraídos de la base de datos del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS). Se informaron 700 casos de tuberculosis, que al realizar la distribución, encontraron que la enfermedad afectaba principalmente a varones con 75.9% (531), de 20 a 39 años con 59.4% (416) y con educación primaria incompleta 34% (238). Además, se encontró que la tuberculosis pulmonar tenía el porcentaje más alto con 87.9% (615), y 62.4% (437) tenía cura y 1.3% (9) murió de la enfermedad. También destaca la necesidad de fortalecer las acciones de salud en el municipio.Descriptores: Tuberculosis, Perfil Epidemiológico, Salud Pública.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of infectious disease associated with private drinking water supplies in England and Wales 1970–2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SAID ◽  
F. WRIGHT ◽  
G. L. NICHOLS ◽  
M. REACHER ◽  
M. RUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Heavy Rains

In England and Wales over the last 30 years there have been 25 reported outbreaks of infection, associated with private water supplies (PWS). The majority (16 outbreaks) were reported after the introduction of enhanced surveillance. Although PWS only serve 0·5% of the population, 36% of drinking water outbreaks are associated with PWS. The main pathogen, campylobacter, was implicated in 13 (52%) outbreaks. Most reported outbreaks (88%) occurred in commercial or Category Two supplies, which potentially affect larger populations. The main factors implicated in these outbreaks are temporary or transient populations, treatment (lack or failure), the presence of animals and heavy rains. The public health problem associated with PWS could be prevented by the identification and understanding of risk factors, by the proper protection of water sources and adequate treatment and maintenance. This could be facilitated through the introduction of a risk assessment as part of a scheme for PWS.

scholarly journals Infections and reactions in leprosy: a diagnostic dilemma

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Jyotika Kalsy ◽  
Riya Kaur Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Case Patient ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
The World ◽  
Leprosy Patients

<p>Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>. It continues to be a public health problem in India, which contributes about 60% to the world leprosy burden. Leprosy patients when on treatment can develop either lepra reactions or reactions due to antileprosy drugs, also they can develop other infections endemic in their areas during the course of their disease. We are presenting such two cases where in one case patient on treatment with multibacillary multidrug therapy (MBMDT) developed fever, lympadenopathy and other systemic features during the course of therapy and was mistakenly diagnosed as type 2 lepra reaction but turned out to be a case of dapsone hypersensitivity. Similarly another case developed fever and other systemic features after 6 weeks of MBMDT, thinking it to dapsone syndrome his MBMDT pack was stopped but later it turned out to be a case of dengue.</p>

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