Performers in Catfish Row

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwynne Kuhner Brown
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Porgy And Bess ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theatre Guild ◽  
Successful Production

This chapter challenges the assumption that George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess is something done by whites to blacks by highlighting the indispensable, active role played by African American performers in every critically successful production of the opera. Porgy and Bess has been the subject of controversy for decades owing to its depiction of African Americans. Many of the arguments against Gershwin's work casts African Americans as the victims of malevolent or thoughtless white actions. This chapter examines how Porgy and Bess came into being as an opportunity for productive interracial collaboration by focusing on the Theatre Guild production of 1935, one of several postwar productions of Porgy and Bess that have managed to bring performers and the director together. It also considers Gershwin's respect for his cast members as individuals and concludes with a discussion of five case studies that speak of the tension in the relationship between white directorial staff and black performers in Porgy and Bess, including the production of Samuel Goldwyn's 1959 Technicolor film about Catfish Row.

Fixing Improvisation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Kraut
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Tap Dance ◽  
American Vernacular ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter juxtaposes brief case studies of African American vernacular dancers from the first half of the twentieth century in order to reexamine the relationship between the ideology of intellectual property law and the traditions of jazz and tap dance, which rely heavily on improvisation. The examples of the blackface performer Johnny Hudgins, who claimed a copyright in his pantomime routine in the 1920s, and of Fred and Sledge, the class-act dance duo featured in the hit 1948 musical Kiss Me, Kate, whose choreography was copyrighted by the white modern dancer Hanya Holm, prompt a rethinking of the assumed opposition between the originality and fixity requirements of copyright law and the improvisatory ethos of jazz and tap dance. Ultimately, the chapter argues that whether claiming or disavowing uniqueness, embracing or resisting documentation, African American vernacular dancers were both advantaged and hampered by copyright law.

The Relationship of the −5, −8, and −24 Variant Alleles in African Americans to Triosephosphate Isomerase (TPI) Enzyme Activity and to TPI Deficiency

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 2959-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Schneider ◽  
Linda Forman ◽  
Beryl Westwood ◽  
Catherine Yim ◽  
James Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
American Society ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In 424 African-American and 75 white subjects, we found that the −5 (TPI 592 A→G), −8 (TPI 589 G→A), and −24 (TPI 573 T→G) variants in the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene occurred frequently (41.0%) in the African-American subjects but did not occur in the whites. These data suggest that this set of polymorphisms may turn out to be one of the higher-incidence molecular markers of African lineage, a surprising finding because others had reported that these nucleotide substitutions were restricted to a small subset of African Americans who had been characterized as TPI-deficiency heterozygotes. Additionally, we investigated the relationship of these variants to TPI-enzyme activity. Although the variant substitutions (occurring in three haplotypes: −5 alone, −5 −8, and −5 −8 −24) were associated with moderate reduction in enzyme activity, severe-deficiency heterozygotes could not be identified with certainty, and none of the haplotypes were restricted to subjects with marked reduction of enzyme activity. Three subjects were homozygous for the −5 −8 haplotype, a finding inconsistent with the putative role of this haplotype as the cause of a null variant incompatible with life in homozygotes. Despite these findings, the possibility remains that the −5 −8 or −5 −8 −24 haplotypes may in some instances contribute to compound heterozygosity and clinical TPI deficiency. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

Comparison of Beliefs about Advertising, Attitude toward Advertising, and Materialism Held by African Americans and Caucasians

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kak Yoon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
General Attitude ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

This research investigated the relationship between advertising and materialism across African-American and Caucasian groups (87 students and 79 community adults) as well as general attitude toward advertising and beliefs about advertising. The association between attitude toward advertising and materialism was positive. The African-American respondents held more materialistic values than their Caucasian peers; they exhibited a more favorable general attitude toward advertising and held more favorable beliefs about advertising. These findings are consistent with the criticism that advertising is at least connected with materialistic values in our society.

Does Civil Society Matter? Governance in Contemporary India

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Reeta Chowdhari Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
The North ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

Does Civil Society Matter? Governance in Contemporary India, Rajesh Tandon and Ranjita Mohanty, eds., New Delhi: Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications, 2003, pp. 363.In the last decade in North America, there has been an explosion of books on the subject of civil society. Like so many other concepts in contemporary political science, the notion of civil society has been imported to analyze other polities outside the North American hemisphere, and India is no exception. However, Tandon and Mohanty's edited book presents a fresh perspective by combining academic analysis with that of on-the-ground practitioners to examine the relationship between civil society and governance. The book is divided into two parts: the first deals with the theoretical conceptualization of civil society and the second with actual case studies.

Asa Hilliard: Conceptualizing and Constructing an African-Centered Pedagogy

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
DeReef F. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Intelligence Testing ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Black Folk ◽  
African People ◽  
African Centered ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
The Relationship

Asa G. Hilliard’s involvement in the education and re-Africanization process of African Americans serves as a prime example of an African-centered praxis that can be used to maximize the educational potential and possibilities of African people. As historian, psychologist, and teacher, Hilliard viewed education as one of the cornerstones in the African American quest for freedom and was committed to employing education as a tool to self-discovery and liberation. Hilliard’s work is explored through examining his perspectives on the relationship between history and psychology, the education of Black folk, the efforts to initiate paradigmatic shifts in intelligence testing, and the culture wars. This analysis of Hilliard highlights his theoretical and conceptual contributions to the formation of an African-centered pedagogy that functions as means for African descended people to affirm and assert their agency.

scholarly journals The Association of 5-HTTLPR XLL Genotype with Higher Cortisol Levels in African Americans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Contreras-Sesvold ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Joseph M. Devaney ◽  
Brennan T. Harmon ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Functional Polymorphism ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation ◽  
The Relationship

Genetic variants of the human serotonin transporter (SERT) may contribute to HPA axis dysregulation. SERT has two promoter region polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR: VNTR and SNP: rs25531), which may alter levels of SERT protein and its function. Combining these polymorphisms creates a functional polymorphism (FN) which may modulate mRNA expression. This study examines the relationship between these genetic variants and morning and evening salivary samples of both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations in 269 African American (AA) adults. Resultant allele frequencies for the VNTR, SNP, and FN genotypes were 70% L (2% XLL), 84% A, and 54% LA (2% XLLA), respectively. The XLL genotype was associated with significantly higher concentrations of cortisol (~3X) and DHEAS (~2X) for both VNTR and FN polymorphisms. No significant differences were found for SNP genotypes. Conclusions were that persons with VNTR and FN XLL polymorphisms had significantly higher cortisol and DHEAS concentrations than other genotypes. AAs also appear to have a higher frequency of the rare XL allele than Caucasians. Whether the XLL genotype predisposes AAs to greater health challenges will require further research to determine the implications of these findings.

Mass Imprisonment and Trust in the Law

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Muller ◽  
Daniel Schrage
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Incarceration Rate ◽  
Mass Imprisonment ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between two facets of mass imprisonment—its novel comparative and historical scale and its pervasiveness in the lives of African Americans—and surveys respondents’ beliefs about the harshness of the courts, and bias in the courts or among police. Analyses of national survey data show that as states’ incarceration rates increased, so too did the probability that residents believed that courts were too harsh. However, while white Americans’ opinions about the courts were sensitive to changes in the white incarceration rate, African Americans’ opinions were not sensitive to changes in the African American incarceration rate. African American respondents who had been to prison or who had a close friend or family member who had been to prison were more likely to attribute racial disparities in incarceration to police bias and bias in the courts. The article concludes with a discussion of the possible consequences of declining trust in the law for the future of American punishment.

scholarly journals “What’s Happened to the People?” Gentrification and Racial Segregation in Brooklyn

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572
Author(s):  
Themis Chronopoulos
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Desegregation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores the relationship between gentrification and racial segregation in Brooklyn, New York with an emphasis on Black Brooklyn. With more than 2.6 million residents, if Brooklyn was a city, it would be the fourth largest in the USA. Brooklyn is the home of approximately 788,000 Blacks with almost 692,000 of them living in an area that historian Harold X. Connolly has called Black Brooklyn. In recent decades, large portions of Brooklyn, including parts of Black Brooklyn have been gentrifying with sizable numbers of whites moving to traditionally Black neighborhoods. One would anticipate racial segregation to be declining in Brooklyn and especially in the areas that are gentrifying. However, this expectation of racial desegregation appears to be false. While there are declines in indices of racial segregation, these declines are frequently marginal, especially when the increase in the number of whites in Black neighborhoods is taken into consideration. At the same time, gentrification has contributed to the displacement or replacement of thousands of long-term African American residents from their homes. This persistence of racial segregation in a time of gentrification raises many questions about the two processes and the effects that they have on African Americans.

Whither the Republican Party

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey D. Fields
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Black Republicans ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter addresses how the tensions between the different factions of African American Republicans structure relations with white Republicans. White Republicans provide the platform upon which black Republicans gain election, notoriety, and resources. The relationship is symmetrically beneficial since black Republicans provide tangible proof of racial diversity within the GOP. To maintain support among white Republicans, African Americans must talk about black identity in a way that is consistent with what white Republicans want to hear. When African-Americans call on white Republicans to speak to black interests specifically and treat conservative social policy as a basis for black advancement, relations with white Republicans are contentious and adversarial. As a consequence, a very specific kind of African American Republican rises to prominence within the GOP.

Understanding White Nationalism in American Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Robert C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Political Science ◽  
American Politics ◽  
White Racism ◽  
Civil Rights Era ◽  
The Subject ◽  
White Nationalism ◽  
Post Civil Rights ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes the contribution of Ronald Walters to the development of white nationalism as a theory of white subjugation and domination of African Americans in the post–civil rights era. It also discusses why his work has been ignored by political science scholarship on the subject, and the relationship between white nationalism and white racism.

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