Pageantry, Pioneers, Panics and Punitive Expeditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Dominy
Keyword(s):  
African Population ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Prestige

This chapter examines the role of the garrison in the British Empire's establishment of a colonial state in Natal during the period 1840s–1860s. It first explains how the garrison transformed Pietermaritzburg from a Trekker settlement to a Victorian colonial capital before considering the ways in which the British Crown used pageantry and propaganda to reinforce the prestige of the colonial state while masking the military weakness of the garrison in relation to the colony's potential enemies. It then discusses the garrison's “punitive expeditions”—almost as an extension of the parading on the barrack square of Fort Napier—in response to panic and rumors of invasions. Ironically, those raids provoked “panics” among the African population; such panics fed the almost pathological fear that the settlers had of a “native” rising or “combination.” The chapter also looks at the appointment of British military officers in various civil posts in the colony and concludes with an assessment of the Zulu invasion scare of 1861 and the question that it raised regarding payment for the garrison.

scholarly journals Military Organizational Culture in Protest Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Lotito
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Culture Of Restraint ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Shared Understandings ◽  
The Military

When mass protests overwhelm the capacity of the police, civilian authorities often rely on soldiers to restore order. I argue that the military relies on historical precedents to guide its institutional response to protests. Soldiers rely on the military's organizational culture, a set of shared values, assumptions and beliefs, to guide their decision making. Military responses, from violent repression to complete disengagement, are driven by soldiers' shared understandings about their proper roles and missions, duties and responsibilities, and relationship to both ruler and ruled. Evidence from the Arab Spring protests of 2010-2011, and causal process tracing in the Tunisian case, provide support for the theory. The role of the military in producing Tunisia's largely nonviolent, prodemocratic regime transition has been widely lauded by scholars and policymakers alike. However, existing explanations for this outcome – namely, the lack of regime patronage toward military officers – do not fit the observed pattern of military response. Rather than move to oust Ben Ali, the military was generally loyal and never disobeyed his orders. Instead, the army's culture of restraint led soldiers to intervene to defend state institutions, but to avoid arbitrating or escalating the dispute.

‘Saving French West Africa’: the French army, African soldiers and military propaganda during the 1950s1

2013 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Ruth Ginio
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
French Military ◽  
Strategic Reorganization ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Continuities of military structures and of protagonists within these structures are a particularly important aspect of the process of transforming colonial domination into the uneven partnerships of the post-colonial period. Ruth Ginio discusses in this context the role of the so-called tirailleurs sénégalais (becoming soldats africains), West African (veteran) soldiers mobilized by the French for service during the Second World War and the wars in Indochina and Algeria. Ginio shows that the necessities of the anticolonial revolts and widespread discontent among African soldiers in the aftermath of the campaigns in Europe in 1944/45, led to a strategic reorganization of the treatment of these individuals. Notably, the author analyses the contribution of French propaganda in the context of psychological action. The French military employed audiovisual means, namely cinema, to influence the African soldiers. Another aspect of this complex relationship was the priority given to attempts at separating the African units from the local populations during the campaigns – a strategy that did not work out in all cases. By the end of the colonial period, the experience of these various methods had, as Ginio argues, qualitatively changed the attitudes of African veterans. The latter would retain a bond to the military officers of the former colonial power beyond the threshold of independence.

Red Coats and Wild Birds across the British Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Military ◽  
Different Parts

Chapter 1 situates the contributions of British military officers to the development of field ornithology from the traces and material remnants of their bird collections and specimens housed in museums across the British Empire, especially in Britain. Untangling the avian imperial archive explores how transimperial careers can be written using not only textual sources (e.g., biographies and personal correspondence) but also traces and artifacts of material culture, specifically bird skins as part of the avian imperial archive. By unraveling the avian imperial archive, the contributions of British military officers to the emergence of the field of zoogeography—a branch of biogeography concerned with the distribution of animal species across the globe—are put into sharp relief, illustrating the multiple avian-human entanglements in different parts of the British Empire, including in the Mediterranean. As both a fantasy of empire and a reflection of transient lives, avian scientific specimens in historical geographic research enrich our understanding of the intersections between science, empire, and the military.

The Political Role of the Dominican Armed Forces: A Note on the 1963 Overthrow of Juan Bosch and on the 1965 Dominican “Revolution”

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham F. Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Political Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Professional Institution ◽  
Civilian Authority ◽  
The Military

Several years ago, in a general essay on Dominican politics, I wrote a few pages about the political role of the Dominican Armed Forces. I argued that “the history of the past few years in the Dominican Republic may best be viewed as a constant struggle among changing alliances, not in terms of confrontation between civilian authority and the military establishment” (Lowenthal, 1969: 40). I suggested that “far from being a professional institution dedicated to certain principles that impel its occasional entry into politics, the Dominican Armed Forces have never had any significant function beyond politics, except for plunder” (Lowenthal, 1969: 40). Painting a picture of constant struggle within the Dominican Armed Forces, for power and a chance at the spoils, I played down the importance, for understanding the political role of Dominican military officers, of institutional and ideological considerations.

scholarly journals The Role of Great Britain in the Military-technical Cooperation of the Countries of European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
A. Hrubinko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Eu

In the article the Great Britain’s contribution to the development of military-technical cooperation between the countries of the European Union is analyzed. It was found that the British leadership conducted ambiguous policies on military-technical cooperation (MTC) of the European integration. The desire to win the priority in the European MTC was combined with the provision of British companies the benefits of cooperation with American partners. British military-industrial complex became a rival of the military-industrial complex of the states of continental Europe. The position of Great Britain has become one of the obstacles to the formation of a single European arms market. The exit of the kingdom from the EU can stimulate the process of creating a single European militaryindustrial complex, in which France and Germany, supported by other influential industrial states (Italy, Spain, etc.) will dominate. The British military-industrial complex will continue to have a significant impact on the European MTC machinery, which relatively successfully operates outside the EU.

scholarly journals Dying to Serve: Militarism, Affect, and the Politics of Sacrifice in the Pakistan Army

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Feminine Role ◽  
The Military

In every country, as an institution the military is responsible for protecting its physical borders and, at their request, helping the civilian government in a time of need. Pakistan’s military is not only a defender of physical borders and ideological frontiers, it also directly or indirectly is involved in politics. It is a robust institution that safeguards the country from external and internal threats and is always ready to make sacrifices for the nation. Many books have been written on the subject of Pakistan's military from different perspectives, but Dr. Maria Rashid’s book entitled “Dying to serve: Militarism, affect, and the politics of sacrifice in the Pakistan army” is a unique contribution that deals with ‘militarism’ and exposes the mechanisms through which it operates in Pakistan. This book has been critically written under diverse and well-arranged themes. Previous studies discuss the high ranking military officers, but omit the martyred soldiers and their poor families coming from socio-economically backward areas. Also highlighted throughout the book is the feminine role of members of the soldiers’ families.  

Role of the Deployed Aeromedical Response Team Squadron (DARTS) on Operation RUMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Rebecca Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
British Government ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
British Military ◽  
Response Team ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
The Military ◽  
Hurricane Irma

In September 2017, the British Government called on the military to deliver aid and provide assistance to British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean affected by the devastating category 5 Hurricane, Irma.1 The military and humanitarian operation, named Op RUMAN, saw British military personnel from all services deploy at short notice to assess damage, reinstate vital infrastructure and help islanders get back on their feet as quickly as possible. Members of the Deployed Aeromedical Response Team Squadron (DARTS) were among the first troops deployed to the region. The aim of this paper is to describe the role of DARTS within this Op.

Cartography and Conflict: The Board of Ordnance and the Construction of the Military Landscape of Scotland, 1689–1815

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Tower Of London ◽  
British Military ◽  
Drawing Room ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
The Military

Scotland generated four Jacobite risings from 1689 to 1745, plus Franco-Jacobite invasion threats in 1708 and 1744. British military mapping was the responsibility of the London-based Board of Ordnance. After the 1707 Act of Union the Scottish Ordnance Office came under London control and received additional staff. Road making was initiated, associated with Generals George Wade and William Roy. Originally fortress-oriented, the Drawing Room in the Tower of London shifted to producing topographical surveys, oriented after 1746 towards transportation, development and integration.

THE EFFECT OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR ON THE MILITARY MEN VALUE BASED ORIENTATION FORMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.

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