scholarly journals Rights to Own and Operate a Hydro Floating Solar Project in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Piti Eiamchamroonlarp
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Electricity Industry ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Electricity Network

This paper finds that the current electricity regulatory regime, established by the Energy Industry Act B.E. 2550 (2007), together with the current electricity industry structure—the enhanced single buyer model—serves as a favorable legal basis for a state electricity enterprise, especially the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), to own and operate a hydro-floating solar project in Thailand. However, it argues that, despite their ability to obtain the relevant licenses under the Energy Industry Act B.E. 2550 (2007) as well as enter into power purchase agreements with state electricity enterprises or private customers, the rights of private hydro-floating solar project operators to own and operate a hydro-floating solar project on the surface of public water resources are undermined by uncertainty pertaining to the possessory right over the water surface of public water resources, as well as unfair or discriminatory practices concerning electricity network access.

scholarly journals Global Water Crisis: Concept of a New Interactive Shower Panel Based on IoT and Cloud Computing for Rational Water Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4081
Author(s):  
Adrian Czajkowski ◽  
Leszek Remiorz ◽  
Sebastian Pawlak ◽  
Eryk Remiorz ◽  
Jakub Szyguła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Essential Resource

The present paper describes the problem and effects of water scarcity and the possibility of rational use of this resource in the idea of a Circular Economy (CE) and sustainable development. Rational water management requires innovation, due to the growing demand for this raw material. It seems that water is widely available, e.g., in Poland, there is no problem with drought. Unfortunately, Polish water resources are shrinking and modern solutions, as well as the construction of new and modernisation of old infrastructure, are some of the few solutions that can protect against a shortage of potable water. Water is also an essential resource for economic development. It is used in every sector of the economy. Limited water resources lead to an inevitable energy transformation because, in its present state, the Polish energy industry consumes huge amounts of water. Due to the above statements, the authors propose a solution in the form of an interactive shower panel that contributes to more rational water management (e.g., in households or hotels) based on the latest technological achievements. This device enables the creation of water consumption statistics based on accurate liquid flow measurements and the transfer of data to the user’s mobile device. This innovation aims to make the user aware of the amount of water used, which in turn can contribute to lower water consumption.

scholarly journals Rethinking "energy nationalism": a study of the relationship between nation states and companies in the oil industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOELE DE FREITAS PEIGO ◽  
JOSÉ AUGUSTO GASPAR RUAS
Keyword(s):  
Global Analysis ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe term "energy nationalism" is frequently used by academic literature and media, but usually without adequate conceptual accuracy. Despite this, a set of papers deepens the discussion on the relationship between nation states and the energy industry, especially the oil sector. These papers allow identifying fundamental elements to understand the energy nationalism, either complementary or divergent between each other. Thus, this study aims at presenting an interpretation of the concept that fills the gaps left by the above mentioned literature based on a global analysis of the oil industry structure and its historical evolution since the mid-19thcentury.

scholarly journals Performance of evaporation estimation methods compared with standard 20 m2 tank

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 874-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel C. M. Cabrera ◽  
Jamil A. A. Anache ◽  
Cristian Youlton ◽  
Edson Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Free Water Surface

ABSTRACT The low reliability of evaporation estimates in reservoirs challenges the management of water resources, especially when drought occurs. The evaporation rates measured in buried tanks (20 m2 evaporimeters) are close to that of lakes. However, there are few studies in Brazil using long data sets with this type of tank. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate evaporation estimates of free water surface using the method of Penman (1948) and other five empirical equations in comparison with data from a 20 m2 tank observed during 10 years. The annual relationship between rainfall and evaporation was 1.0, showing variations in dry years (0.7) and rainy years (1.3). Among all evaluated methods, Linacre (1993) shows the best performance. Camargo et al. (1999) has very good estimates using air temperature as input variable and is a simple and reliable alternative when data are missing.

A Human Right to Access Water? A Critique of General Comment No. 15

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tully
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
International Economic Law ◽  
Domestic Use

At the conclusion of its 29th session in 2002, the United Nations (UN) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereinafter the Committee) identified a human right to access water uniquely straddling two provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the Covenant).1 General Comment No. 15 novelly defined a universal entitlement to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use.2 This article critiques that instrument for the phraseology employed, the substantive omissions and the reasoning of the Committee. The article also evaluates the broader implications of a human right to access water within a liberalised market context. Paragraph 1 questions the legal basis identified by the Committee and considers the existence of a right to access water under contemporary international law. Paragraph 2 assesses the policy justifications which prompted a human rights orientation to the global challenges confronting water resources including the treatment of water services under international economic law. Most notable among the several omissions from General Comment No. 15 is the increasingly prominent role and responsibilities of the private sector as outlined in paragraph 3. Paragraph 4 sceptically examines the prospects for implementing a human rights approach to water resources in light of applicable economic and environmental principles. Finally, it is argued that unreflective resort to the General Comment template for addressing individual interests will render such instruments outdated or unhelpful as normative guides and several solutions are offered in paragraph 5.

scholarly journals Cleaning of Floating Photovoltaic Systems: A Critical Review on Approaches from Technical and Economic Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Rafi Zahedi ◽  
Parisa Ranjbaran ◽  
Gevork B. Gharehpetian ◽  
Fazel Mohammadi ◽  
Roya Ahmadiahangar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Economic Perspectives

There are some environmental factors, such as ambient temperature, dust, etc., which cause a reduction in the efficiency of Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Installation of PV panels on the water surface, commonly known as Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems, is one solution to employ PV panels in a cooler environment, achieve higher efficiency, and reduce water evaporation. FPV systems open up new opportunities for scaling up solar generating capacity, especially in countries with high population density and valuable lands, as well as countries with high evaporation rates and water resources deficiency. Since the FPV system is an almost new concept, its cleaning techniques have not been comprehensively studied. While FPV systems are located on the surface of water resources and reservoirs, the water quality can limit the application of different cleaning techniques. Therefore, this paper investigates different techniques of FPV systems cleaning and categorizes them into water-based and water-free approaches. In addition, their cleaning frequencies, as well as economic aspects, are presented and discussed to determine their merits and demerits for using them in FPV systems.

scholarly journals AKIBAT HUKUM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 85/PUUXI/ 2013 TENTANG PENGUJIAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Marwan Hsb ◽  
Hisar P. Butar Butar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Consequences

Constitutional Court’s authority under Article 24C section (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in terms of review the legislation only to review the legislation against the Constitution. However, the decision No. 85/PUU-XI/2013 on Review of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, the Constitutional Court declared some of the implementing regulations of these laws do not fulfill the basic principles of water resources management restrictions. So it will be seen how the legal consequences of the Constitutional Court Number 85/PUU-XI/2013 and how to apply the power of the implementing regulations of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. Whereas under Article 57 of Law of the Constitutional Court stated that the ruling of the Constitutional Court stated that the substance of sections, articles and/or parts of laws contrary to the constitution. So that the implementing regulations of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources remains in effect throughout has been no decision or rule that states no longer valid. To avoid government regulation promulgated after the Constitutional Court ruling to overturn legislation that became the legal basis for the government to promulgate regulations, to be made the rule that when the Constitutional Court to investigate and adjudicate a law, then the process of formation of the implementing regulations on enactment legislation being tested is to be suspended until there is a decision of the Constitutional Court.

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