French Decadence, Arab Awakenings

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
David Fieni
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
History Of

Chapter 1 does a comparative reading of French theories of philological decadence and Arabic and Islamic accounts of reformism and modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century. It begins with an examination of the secular philosophy of history of French Orientalist Ernest Renan, which both denies the very existence of decadence as a useful category of analysis and simultaneously constructs the Semite as inherently decadent. Renan’s 1883 debate with Persian reformist intellectual Jamal al-din al-Afghani demonstrates how European Orientalism set the terms for discussions of modernity but also how al-Afghani’s response partially defamiliarizes the categories of thought that frame the debate itself. The chapter ends with an exploration of two Arabic analyses of Arab decadence by Farah Antun and Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, who, along with al-Afghani, constitute a mode of “nomad thought” that contrasts markedly with Renan’s self-satisfied and self-centering diagnosis of Oriental decadence.

Inside Views

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Andrew Warnes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Self Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Sister Carrie ◽  
Individual Self

Chapter 1 offers a brief history of the demise of the shop counter and of the rise of self-service over the late nineteenth century. It offers a brief reading of Sister Carrie, showing how self-service engendered a new relationship to the commodity object, which, in turn, reflected on individual self-image.

“Every Crime Has Its Peculiar Odor”

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Hsuan L. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Detection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Chapter 1 considers how detective fiction has interacted with the history of differential deodorization. Whereas nineteenth-century texts tend to frame the hyperosmic detective as an agent of deodorization who seeks out and expunges deviant odors, the author argues that the form has also developed accounts of “environmental detection” wherein the detective’s body and mind become exposed and transformed through the very process of sniffing out crime. In the cases of black detective fiction, hard-boiled crime fiction, and narratives of multiple chemical sensitivity that mobilize detective tropes, smells are no longer just clues to be read but material agents of violence.

scholarly journals On Eminescu’s philosophy of history: towards an English anthology of relevant texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Catalin Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Per Se ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Historical Thought

The present paper aims to offer Anglophone researchers a selection of translated quotes from Mihai Eminescu’s non-literary oeuvre, relevant to the philosophy of history of the most complex Romanian author of the nineteenth century. It should thus become possible to reconsider Eminescu’s position within the concert of European philosophers of history. The fragments gathered here stem mainly from his activity as a cultural and political journalist, throughout which he voiced, albeit unsystematically, his views on history. Although he did not ultimately articulate an academic philosophy of history per se, these fragments, now available in English for the first time, may give valuable insights into Eminescu’s conception of history. Above all else, they meaningfully complement whatever can be gleaned from Eminescu’s already translated poetry or literary prose. Hopefully the fragments presented here will aid scholars in establishing more precisely what Eminescu’s views on history owe to Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and what to the proper philosophy of history he could find in Hegel. This is a double allegiance scholars have also recognized in Maiorescu’s work. By the same token, it would further be important to chart Eminescu’s ambivalence towards Hegel, an ambivalence also visible in the works of Romanian philosopher Vasile Conta. Finally, the fragments below may help to bring to the fore the complex interplay between Hegelian theodicy and Kantian teleology in Eminescu’s historical thought.

The Mushā‘irah in the Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-78
Author(s):  
Ali Khan Mahmudabad
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
History Of

Chapter 1 briefly locates the longer history of the mushā‘irah and then focuses on the Mughal mushā‘irahs in order to chart the subsequent changes that took place both in terms of their spatial configuration and content. The chapter uses the example of the Anjuman-e Punjab mushā‘irahs in order to demonstrate the intervention in the space by colonial authorities and the subsequent changes, including the rise of print as an extension of the mushā‘irah. Most importantly, structural changes will be highlighted that emphasized the inclusion and, therefore, increasing importance of the audience as a central feature of the mushā‘irah.

The History of Golf in Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-42
Author(s):  
Hugo Cerón-Anaya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Golf Clubs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American

Chapter 1 analyzes the history of golf in Mexico, showing a long-term pattern of class and racialized dynamics associated to the sport. The first part describes how wealthy Anglo-American immigrants brought golf to late nineteenth-century Mexico. This section explains how the early development of golf was connected to the spread of modernity, capitalism, and Anglo-American racialized ideas, dynamics that informed the creation of a class- and race-based privileged space. The second part of the chapter chronicles the transformation that golf experienced after the 1940s when a growing number of affluent Mexicans joined this sport. The change, however, did not eradicate some of the early restrictive dynamics. The chapter ends by showing how the neoliberal policies introduced by the late 1980s significantly expanded the number of golf clubs existing in the country. Despite the considerable expansion, golf is still the preserve of the upper middle and upper classes in today’s Mexico.

Character

Picture World ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 21-83
Author(s):  
Rachel Teukolsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Realist Novel ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
History Of

“Character” is often studied as the deep psychological self crafted by the nineteenth-century realist novel. Yet Chapter 1 proposes an alternative history of character by looking to caricature, in some of the earliest comics (“Galleries of Comicalities”) appearing in sporting newspapers in the 1830s. Early caricatures portrayed an idea of character that was grotesque, masculinist, and brilliantly exteriorized, especially in depictions of “the cockney,” the urban mischief-man whose subversive masculinity reflected the economic pressures of the new urban economy. Cartoons featuring the cockney were anti-authoritarian, carnivalesque, and often laced with crude racism and misogyny. Their mock-violent energy gave voice to some of the explosive frustration felt by working- and lower-middle-class men after the failures of the Reform Bill of 1832. The young Charles Dickens borrowed many of his earliest subjects from extant caricature motifs, reflecting some of the fundamental instabilities of social class and economic precarity defining the Reform Era.

The Structure of French Romantic Histories of Religions

Numen ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-286
Author(s):  
Arthur McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis article analyzes the histories of religions of Louis de Bonald, Antoine Fabre d'Olivet, Pierre-Simon Ballanche, and Ferdinand d'Eckstein. Rather than offer yet another definition of Romanticism, it seeks to establish a framework by which to render intelligible a set of early nineteenth-century French histories of religions that have been largely ignored in the history of the study of religion. It establishes their mutual affinity by demonstrating that they are built on the common structural elements of an essentialist ontology, an epistemology that eludes Kantian pessimism, and a philosophy of history that depicts development as the unfolding of a preexistent essence according to an a priori pattern. Consequent upon these structural elements we may identify five characteristics of French Romantic histories of religions: organic developmentalism; reductionism; hermeneutic of harmonies; apologetic intent; and reconceptualization of Christian doctrine. Romantic histories of religions, as syntheses of traditional faith and historical-mindedness, are at once a chapter in the history of the study of religion and in the history of religious thought.

Migrants, Monks, and Monasteries

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-45
Author(s):  
Jack Meng-Tat Chia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Buddhist Modernism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Migration

Chapter 1 provides the historical background to Chinese migration and the spread of Buddhism to maritime Southeast Asia between the nineteenth century and the 1940s to set the stage for the discussion of the three monks in this study. In rough chronological order, this chapter tells the history of Chinese migration to colonial Southeast Asian states, arrival of Chinese Buddhism, and the South China Sea Buddhist networks that connected China and Southeast Asia. During this period, Buddhist monks came to the Malay Archipelago and propagated ideas of Buddhist modernism to the overseas Chinese communities. By the end of the 1940s, communist victory in the Chinese civil war led to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China and the evacuation of the Kuomintang government to Taiwan; this period also marked the beginning of decolonization in maritime Southeast Asia.

From “Captain Kidd” to Gospel Music

Sweet Thing ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 29-79
Author(s):  
Nicholas Stoia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Gospel Music ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
History Of

The roots of the “Sweet Thing” scheme reach back to sixteenth-century Scotland and England. One of the main branches of this lineage crosses the Atlantic as a penitent broadside ballad castigating Captain William Kidd, a pirate sent to the gallows in London in 1701. Chapter 1 concerns the history of this branch: the long journey of a stanzaic structure from ancient Scottish popular song through English broadside balladry, from the transatlantic broadside “Captain Kidd” through the fervent folk hymnody of the Great Awakening, and from nineteenth-century popular song and urban revivalism to twentieth-century gospel music. Throughout this span, the distinctive rhythmic and textual attributes of the form are apparent in all of the genres that it crosses. In both broadsides and folk hymns we can observe or reconstruct certain melodic characteristics that accompany the form, and in the folk hymns we can also see some general harmonic attributes.

Music, Speech, and Handedness

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Diana Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Brain

Chapter 1 reviews the history of thought concerning specialization of function in the brain, particularly regarding speech and music. This history begins in the nineteenth century with the work of the phrenologists Gall and Spurzheim, and later with studies of brain-damaged patients, particularly by Broca and Wernicke. It continues into the mid-twentieth century with the work of Luria and others, also focusing on patients who have suffered brain damage, then considers recent work. The roles of the left and right hemispheres are discussed, particularly their roles in speech. The abilities of left-handers, right-handers, and mixed-handers are compared, especially relating to music and speech. This chapter is a prelude to Chapter 2, which explores a number of musical illusions that, statistically, are heard differently by left- and right-handers.

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