Effectiveness of native arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of four tree forest species from the Santa Marta Mountain, Veracruz (Mexico)

Aim of the study: The aim of this work was to isolate consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated to Liquidambar styraciflua in soils of the Santa Marta Mountain in Veracruz, and to select highly effective mycorrhizal consortia on promoting the growth of four tree forest species with economic and ecological importance.Area of study: Santa Marta Mountain, inside the buffer area of the Los Tuxtlas Biological Reserve in Veracruz (México).Materials and methods: Ten composite samples of rhizosphere soil were collected from L. styraciflua trees of 13-15 cm DBH (diameter at breast height). Roots were fixed in FAA solution to determine the mycorrhizal colonization percentage, the abundance of morphospecies, and its effectiveness in promoting the growth of L. styraciflua, Terminalia amazonia, Cordia alliodora, and Cojoba arborea. Soil physical and chemical characteristics were also analysed, and soil type recognition was performed with the Reference Base for Soil FAO-ISRIC World-SICS. Mycorrhizal colonization was determined by the method of clearing and staining roots with trypan blue; total percentage of colonization was estimated by the Linderman-Biermann method. Spores were extracted for counting and identifying morphospecies from each soil sample, those with more effectiveness were selected and inoculated in the four tree species, based upon a completely random design there were evaluated height, number of leaves, total dry weight and foliar area.Main results: Average mycorrhizal colonization percentage was 45% from natural conditions, samples one and four showed 80% of AMF-colonization. Average number of spores was 617 in 100 g-1 of dry soil. Forty-seven AMF-morphospecies were identified. After eight months significant differences were observed in root colonization, height, number of leaves, total dry weight, leaf area and foliar analysis of N5+, P5+ and K+ on plants inoculated with rhizosphere samples of L. styraciflua. Terminalia amazonia and Cojoba arborea showed greater response to the inoculation of AMF, they showed more height, number of leaves and more total dry weight; whereas C. alliodora appears to be low dependent on AMF.Highlights: Diversispora aurantia and Glomus aggregatum are reported by the first time from Mexican humid tropics. Native AMF have potential biotechnological application. The mycorrhizal consortium six (Glomus and Acaulospora) was the more effective in promoting the development of the four tree species used in the experiment.

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Effects of Bifenthrin on Mycorrhizal Colonization and Growth of Corn

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.4.809 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 809-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lea Corkidi ◽

Jeff Bohn ◽

Mike Evans

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Inoculum Potential ◽

Red Imported Fire Ant ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Total Percentage

The insecticide bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid required by regulation for the production of nursery crops to suppress the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in Orange and Riverside counties in California. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to analyze the effects of different rates of bifenthrin on the growth and mycorrhizal colonization of ‘Silver Queen’ corn (Zea mays) inoculated with VAM 80®, a mycorrhizal inoculum with spores, hyphae, and root pieces colonized by Glomus spp., used to inoculate California native plants in containers. Corn was used because it is the standard indicator plant used for mycorrhizal inoculum potential assays and it is a good host for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation. The application of bifenthrin had no detrimental effects on mycorrhizal colonization of corn. There were no significant differences in the root length colonized by arbuscules, vesicles, or in the total percentage of mycorrhizal colonization obtained in the plants grown with the different bifenthrin rates 6 weeks after transplanting. However, there were significant interactions on the effects of bifenthrin and mycorrhizal colonization on plant growth. The addition of 12, 15, and 25 ppm of bifenthrin reduced corn biomass of nonmycorrhizal plants, but had no effect on the growth of mycorrhizal plants. There were no significant differences between the mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants grown with 0, 10, and 12 ppm of bifenthrin. In contrast, inoculation with VAM 80® increased the shoot dry weight of plants grown with 15 and 25 ppm of bifenthrin. This study showed that mycorrhizal colonization can be helpful to overcome some of the negative effects of bifenthrin on the growth of corn.

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314 Growth and Nutrition of Chrysanthemum Microplants Inoculated with Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.446b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 446B-446

Author(s):

Martha Elena Pedraza-Santos ◽

David Jaen-Contreras ◽

M. Alejandra Gutièrrez-Espinosa ◽

Teresa Colinas-Leon ◽

Cristina Lopez-Peralta

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Growth And Nutrition ◽

Zn Content ◽

Number Of Leaves

Effects of inoculation with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata and Glomus mosseae) on acclimatization and growth of chrysanthemum (Dendrathema glandiflora Tzevelev) plants, propagated in vitro, under different conditions of fertilization (0, 20, and 40 mg·L-1 of NPK) were studied. Mycorrhizal colonization did not influence surviving percentage of chrysanthemum plantlets during the acclimatization stage; however, we could colonize the developing roots and reduce the amount of inoculum needed and beneficial effects on plant growth were obtained during early stages of colonizing. Plant growth in greenhouse was regulated by synergism between the effect of endomycorrhizal fungus type and soil fertilization with N, P, and K. Effects of A. scrobiculata were observed as an increasein number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, root volume and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stem and root. The G. mosseae fungus improved N, P, Mg, and Zn content in leaves; P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zinc in stem and Ca content in root. On the other hand, A. scrobiculata only increased N content in leaves, stem and roots; P content in leaves and roots, and Ca content in stem. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization on roots was affected by adding N, P, and K to soil. The highest values were obtained with fertilization doses of 20 mg·L-1. The number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi was increased by adding fertilizer to soil (40 mg·L-1 of NPK).

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Aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an atlantic forest chronosequence parque estadual turístico do Alto Ribeira (petar), SP

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032004000200005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marcos P.M. Aidar ◽

Rosilaine Carrenho ◽

Carlos A. Joly

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Tree Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Late Phase ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Wet Season ◽

Generic Level

Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed in roots of trees within an Atlantic Forest chronosequence, located in the southeastern of São Paulo State, Brazil, inside Tourist State Park of the High Ribeira Valley (PETAR). The phytosociological survey was carried out in three adjacent areas, all on calcareous soil, which correspond to different time intervals during which they have been left abandoned following a slash-and-burn agricultural perturbation. Early Phase (EP) with 15 years; Mid Phase (MP) with 25 years; and Late Phase (LP) with more than 36 years without clear-cut. The inventory indicated a continuum of tree species substitution, which is dominated by species of Leguminosae, especially Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. (Mimosoideae) in the earlier successional phases. Mycorrhizal colonization, estimated by the occurrence of the mycorrhizal structures in the tree species roots, diminished during the season with less rain (winter), and showed no significant differences between successional phases in the wet season (summer). Rather, the mycorrhizal colonization was correlated with occurrence of the tree’s successional status: being positively correlated with occurrence of pioneer species, and negatively correlated with late secondary species. Mycorrhizal colonization was also correlated negatively with soil organic matter and base saturation. Twenty five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to four genera were identified. Six species were only identified to generic level. The species Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd. represented 10% of the total number of spores and occurred in all phases and seasons, while the genus Glomus represented 57% of the total of spores found in the rhizosphere. The diversity indices evaluated for the mycohrriza community were: H’ = 2.3, J’ = 0.97 and R = 4.12. These results are a contribution to the knowledge of The Atlantic Forest biodiversity and may have implications to support programs regarding rehabilitation of degraded vegetation in one of the World’s most threatened Biomes.

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Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9030130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Flor Hernandez ◽

Rosalinda Villarreal ◽

Valentin Torres ◽

Adrien Gallou

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Agricultural Intensification ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Flower Number ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Total Fresh Weight

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

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Mycorrhizal responsiveness of Thuja, Calocedrus, Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron species of western North America

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-170 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1049-1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. L. Kough ◽

Randy Molina ◽

R. G. Linderman

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Tree Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Low Phosphorus

Four western conifers inoculated or not inoculated with three species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were grown in pasteurized soil and maintained at 11 or 43 ppm phosphorus. Compared with controls, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization increased biomass more of younger than older seedlings. In young seedlings, species with large seeds responded less to phosphate addition or vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization than smaller seeded species. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings with low phosphorus were always larger than noninoculated low phosphorus controls and comparable in size or larger than nonmycorrhizal controls at moderate phosphorus. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal plants produced from 100 to 2000% more biomass than noninoculated plants at low phosphorus, and from equality to 500% at moderate phosphorus. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species did not differ in plant growth enhancement or root colonization at any seedling age or phosphorus fertility examined. Tree species' responsiveness ranged as follows: Thujaplicata > Sequoiasempervirens > Calocedrusdecurrens > Sequoiadendrongiganteum. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced seedling uniformity and size in all the tree species.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance the growth of tropical endangered species Pterocarpus indicus and Pericopsis mooniana in post gold mine field in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Husna Husna ◽

Faisal Danu Tuheteru ◽

Asrianti Arif

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Tree Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Gold Mining ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Gold Mine ◽

Shoot Height ◽

The Tropics

Abstract. Husna, Tuheteru FD, Arif A. 2021. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance the growth of tropical endangered species Pterocarpus indicus and Pericopsis mooniana in post gold mine field in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3844-3853. Gold mining activities contribute to the national economy, but have a serious impact on forest and environmental degradation and pose a threat to tree species in the tropics. Reforestation of post-gold mining with tropical legume tree species is threatened with extinction. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are effective in conservation of endangered plants and restoration of degraded land. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of native AM Fungi inoculation on the growth of Pterocarpus indicus and Pericopsis mooniana in nurseries and post-gold mining fields. P. indicus and P. mooniana seedlings were inoculated with Glomus claroideum Schenk & Smith, Glomus coronatum Giovann., and mixed AMF (G. claroideum, G. coronatum). Uninoculated seedlings were used as control treatment, and they were maintained for 4 months under greenhouse conditions. After 4 months in greenhouse, seedlings were transferred to post-gold mine and planted for 4 months. The percentage of AMF colonization, plant growth, nutrient content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn were measured after 4 months both in the greenhouse and the field. The percentage of AMF colonization under greenhouse conditions in P. indicus and P. mooniana ranged 5.67-75.3% and 2.2-41.2%. All AMF colonization tended to have higher shoot height, leaf numbers and nodules, plant dry weight and N, P, K content under greenhouse conditions. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, N, P, K, Mn and Fe under field conditions had higher inoculated seedlings than control four months after planting. AMF could be used to conserve endangered tree species in post-gold mining reforestation in the tropics.

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Mycorrhizal colonization and diversity and corn genotype yield in soils of the Cerrado region, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6sup2p4107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 4107

Author(s):

Sueli Da Silva Aquino ◽

Márcia Helena Scabora ◽

João Antonio Da Costa Andrade ◽

Sandra Maria Gomes da Costa ◽

Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Spore Density ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Technological Condition ◽

Single Cross ◽

Single Cross Hybrids

The degree of interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and host plants appears to depend on plant genotype, which differentially promotes symbiosis and leads to different degree of mycotrophism. The aim of the present study was to assess root colonization, spore density, and diversity of AMF, as well as yield of corn (Zea mays) genotypes in soil from the Cerrado region of Brazil. Number of spores (NS), mycorrhizal colonization (COL), plant and ear height, dry weight (DW), and grain yield (GY) were assessed in inbred lines and their hybrids. Randomized blocks were used for the experimental design, with 30 treatments (genotypes) and three repetitions. The experiment was conducted on the farm of the UNESP-São Paulo State University, Campus of Ilha Solteira, and the plots were composed of two 2-m-long rows, with 0.85 m between rows, and 0.20 m between plants. Qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in fungal compositions, as well as preferential associations between symbiotic partners. Analysis of AMF diversity revealed the presence of 12 species, with Scutellospora calospora and Entrophospora colombiana being the most abundant in all treatments. The species Acaulospora longula, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus macrocarpum, and Gigaspora margarita exhibited preferential associations with certain genotypes. COL and GY differed among inbred lines and single-cross hybrids and the significant correlations between COL and the DW and GY showed positive interactions between the plants and AMF. There was no correlation between heterosis for GY and heterosis for colonization. These single-cross hybrids HS83 × E3 and D3 × F5 exhibited high GY, evidencing a productivity potential for the low technological condition used.

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Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Gmelina arborea Roxb. under Salt Stress Condition

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb346230 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mayura Prakash DUDHANE ◽

Mahesh Yashwant BORDE ◽

Paramjit Kaur JITE

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Tree Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Gmelina Arborea ◽

Salt Stress Condition ◽

Am Fungus ◽

Treated Plant

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is medicinally and economically important tree species were selected for study. An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus fasciculatum on salt stress tolerance of tree species Gmelina arborea. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings were treated with 100 mM and 200 mM concentration of NaCl. G. fasciculatum treated plant showed increase in fresh and dry weight, greater percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, higher accumulation of proline and chlorophyll content with increasing levels of salinity. G. fasciculatum colonization significantly increased tolerance of salinity, acid phosphatases, and Proline content and also antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase at all levels of salinity treatments of Gmelina plants in comparison with non-mycorrhizal salinity treated plants. These results demonstrate that AM fungus (G. fasciculatum) is very effective in strengthening the tolerance of Gmelina arborea grown in arid and semi arid areas.

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Growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) to the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium stress conditions

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49311924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 11924

Author(s):

Seyed A. HOSSEINI ◽

Roya ROSTAMI ◽

Behrooz ESMAIELPOUR ◽

Alireza ETMINAN ◽

Ghobad SALIMI

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Stability Index ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Membrane Stability Index ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Amf Inoculation

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants used in various pharmaceutical, osmotic, health, and food industries. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis is viewed as one of the several methods to improve growth under heavy metals stress. To investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and AMF bio-fertilizers on the growth and morpho-physiological characteristics of thyme, a greenhouse experiment was performed in three replications. Experimental treatments included Cd at three levels 0, 75, and 150 mg/kg of soil and AMF at three levels without inoculation, inoculation with Funneliformis etunicatum, and Funneliformis mosseae. Cadmium stressed plant showed reduced plant height, number of leaves, stem fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight while AMF inoculation enhanced the increased means of these traits considerably. Inoculation with F. mosseae also ameliorated the Cd stress (150 mg/kg) induced reduction in plant height, number of leaves, and stem and root dry weight by 13.41%, 8.42%, 30.3%, and 22.2%, respectively. Cadmium stress reduced membrane stability index while AMF inoculation enhanced membrane stability index considerably. An increase in soluble carbohydrate and proline content was observed due to Cd stress and AMF inoculation caused a further increase in these two metabolite contents ensuring better growth under Cd stressed conditions. Results indicated that F. mosseae had a higher efficiency in increasing morphological traits and improving physiological characteristics than F. etunicatum. Overall, AMF inoculation, especially F. mosseae significant ameliorative potential for Cd toxicity in thyme plants.

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Respon Pertumbuhan Semai Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) pada Pot Organik dan Diinokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.11.2.45-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Sri Wilarso Budi ◽

Faradila Mei Jayani

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Raw Material ◽

Single Treatment ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Amf Inoculation

A forest trees seedling production nowadays had used a polybag that caused the roots grow in a circle and the polybag are not easily degraded by the environment. It can be replaced with the use of container based on organic material that is environmentally friendly. The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of treatment of raw material of organic pot and to analyze the inoculation of AMF to the growth of mahogany seedling as well. This study used the completely randomized design with two factor. The interaction of organic pot composition and the addition of AMF were significantly affected in terms of height and total dry weight of mahogany seedling. A single treatment of organic pot composition gave a significant effect on the increase of mahogany seedling diameter. A single treatment with AMF addition was significantly affected on the increase of both diameter and % mycorrhizal colonization at the root of mahogany seedling. The best treatment that has the greatest response of mahogany seedlings growth was the organic pot composition of newspaper:compost with a ratio of 3:2 along with the addition of AMF. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), inoculation, Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), Organic Pot, seedling

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