scholarly journals Is a combination of different natural substances suitable for slug (Arion spp.) control?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žiga Laznik ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Petri Dishes

In a laboratory study we investigated the contact and barrier efficacy of different natural substances (wood ash, sawdust, hydrated lime, and diatomaceous earth) against slugs of the genus Arion, an important agricultural pest. Natural substances were tested individually and in combination with each other. The experiment was carried out in plastic petri dishes and in glass insectaria. Moistened tampons and fresh leaves of lettuce were placed into both experimental arenas. The slugs were starved for 48 hours prior to the experiment. Six categories of behaviour were identified for slugs in the presence of the natural substances: (1) slug survived the experiment, (2) slug died during the experiment, (3) slug crossed the barrier, (4) slug did not cross the barrier, (5) slug fed on the lettuce, and (6) slug did not feed on the lettuce. The effect of different treatments (natural substances) was significant. The results of our study have shown that hydrated lime had the best contact efficacy on slugs (the mortality of slugs was 100%), both individually and in combination with other substances. The treatments with hydrated lime also proved to be the most efficient barrier preventing slugs from feeding on lettuce. Hydrated lime shows great potential in Arion control in our investigation; however, further research is needed to investigate the practical value (how to avoid the problem when the substance becomes wet), safety and economics of hydrated lime used in this way.

scholarly journals Comparison of insecticidal efficacy of four natural substances against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults: does the combined use of the substances improve their efficacy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Impact

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of different natural inert dusts (diatomaceous earth, wood ash, quartz sand) and the leaf powder of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults. The efficacy of the substances was tested individually and in combination with each other. The substances were applied at different concentrations, and bioassays were carried out at four different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and two different relative humidity (RH) levels (55% and 75%). The adult mortality was recorded after the 7th, 14th and 21st days of exposure. The progeny production of individuals exposed to different combinations was also assessed. Wood ash proved to be the most efficient inert dust in our research. We detected 100% mortality in the treatment exposed to a higher concentration (5 w%) of wood ash at 35°C and 55% RH after 7 days of exposure. A lower RH level had also a negative impact on the progeny production. We can conclude that wood ash can be efficient in controlling granary weevil adults as a single substance or in combination with other substances. Further surveys should focus on the impact of the wood ash dose rates. Due to the high percentage of area covered with forest in some European countries, the main ingredient is present locally, but additional surveys are needed to help improve the practical use of wood ash.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Galactogogues: Substances that Induce, Maintain and Increase Breast Milk Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Alberto Zuppa ◽  
Paola Sindico ◽  
Claudia Orchi ◽  
Chiara Carducci ◽  
Valentina Cardiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Other Substances

Poor production of breast milk is the most frequent cause of breast lactation failure. Often, physician prescribe medications or other substances to solve this problem. The use of galactogogues should be limited to those situations in which reduced milk production from treatable causes has been excluded. One of the most frequent indication for the use of galactogogues is the diminution of milk production in mothers using indirect lactation, particularly in the case of preterm birth. The objective of this review is to analyze to the literature relating to the principal drugs used as galactogogues (metoclopramide, domperidone, chlorpromazine, sulpiride, oxytocin, growth hormone, thyrotrophin releasing hormone, medroxyprogesterone). Have been also analyzed galactogogues based on herbs and other natural substances (fenugreek, galega and milk thistle). We have evaluated their mechanism of action, transfer to maternal milk, effectiveness and potential side effects for mother and infant, suggested doses for galactogogic effect, and recommendation for breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Anticancer Activity of Natural Compounds from Plant and Marine Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lichota ◽  
Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Podophyllotoxin Derivatives

This paper describes the substances of plant and marine origin that have anticancer properties. The chemical structure of the molecules of these substances, their properties, mechanisms of action, their structure–activity relationships, along with their anticancer properties and their potential as chemotherapeutic drugs are discussed in this paper. This paper presents natural substances from plants, animals, and their aquatic environments. These substances include the vinca alkaloids, mistletoe plant extracts, podophyllotoxin derivatives, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including geniposide, colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, salvicine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin, and bruceantin. Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin, and halichondrin) isolated from the marine plants and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates (e.g., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) as well as certain other substances that have been tested on cells and experimental animals and used in human chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of diatomaceous earth to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in different application conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto H. Sousa ◽  
Lêda R. A. Faroni ◽  
Gilberto S. Andrade ◽  
Romenique S. Freitas ◽  
Marco A. G. Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Corn Kernel ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
F1 Generation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of diatomaceous earth (DE) at different ambient temperatures on adult Sitophilus zeamais and progeny, using different doses and exposure periods. The experiments were performed in Petri dishes containing 40 g of the whole corn kernel, treated with DE at doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 kg Mg-1. Each dish was infested with 25 S. zeamais adults and kept at climatic chambers under temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ºC. The insect mortality was recorded after six and 15 days from the beginning of the bioassays. The grains evaluated at 15 days were separated from insects and kept in the dishes for another 75 days under the same temperature conditions. After this period the effect of ambient temperature and of diatomaceous earth doses on the emergence of S. zeamais in the F1 generation was evaluated. It was found that the mortality of S. zeamais increased with the higher dose and temperature during the exposure period of six and 15 days. The number of insects emerged reduced with increasing temperature in these two exposure periods. The increase of temperature and exposure period favored the efficacy of DE in lower doses for control of S. zeamais.

scholarly journals The First Evidence of the Insecticidal Potential of Plant Powders from Invasive Alien Plants against Rice Weevil under Laboratory Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Aleksander Horvat ◽  
Miha Ocvirk ◽  
Iztok Jože Košir ◽  
Ksenija Rutnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy

In a laboratory experiment, we studied the insecticidal effects of invasive alien plants on the rice weevil. The research was carried out in two parts. In the first part, we studied the insecticidal properties of seven different plant species, namely, Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia × bohemica), Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), false indigo-bush (Amorpha fruticosa), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina), Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), and giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea). Mixtures of powders and wheat were prepared in two different concentrations, namely, 2.5 w% and 1.25 w%. The experiment was performed at temperatures 20 °C and 25 °C and at two humidity levels, 55% R.h. and 75% R.h. Very low mortality (below 8%) was found when using combinations with the higher relative humidity. No significant differences were observed between the effects of these concentrations. In the second part of the experiment, Norway spruce wood ash and diatomaceous earth (product SilicoSec®) were added to the powder obtained by milling leaves of four different invasive plant species (Canada goldenrod, staghorn sumac, tree of heaven, false indigo). In the independent application, wheat was added to the powder at a concentration 2.5 w%. In the treatments that involved mixtures of powder and wood ash/diatomaceous earth, we applied 1.25 w% plant powder and 1.25 w% wood ash or 1.25 w% plant powder and 450 ppm of a SilicoSec® preparation. The positive control was carried out as two separate treatments with 2.5 w% wood ash of Norway spruce and 900 ppm of the SilicoSec® product, while untreated wheat represented the negative control. The experiment was performed at two temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C) and two R.h. values (55 and 75% R.h.). The mortality of beetles was recorded on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after the start of the experiment. Higher mortality rates of rice weevil adults were found at the higher relative humidity, and an important factor of mortality was also the day of exposure, as a higher mortality was found when the exposure of individuals to the tested substances was for a longer time period. After 21 days at 25 °C and 55% R.h., the combinations in which the lower concentration of Norway spruce wood ash was added to the powder of invasive alien plants achieved more than 90% mortality of beetles. By adding the plant powder of invasive alien plants to wood ash, we achieved a greater insecticidal efficacy of invasive plants and lower concentrations of wood ash. Nevertheless, the results of our research do not indicate any great usefulness of the plant powder of invasive plants in suppressing the rice weevil. Additional studies should primarily focus on the insecticidal efficacy of powder from the genus Solidago, which in our study, displayed the greatest insecticidal potential among the tested invasive plants.

Diatomaceous Earth Filtration ofGiardiaCysts and Other Substances

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly P. Langé ◽  
William D. Bellamy ◽  
David W. Hendricks ◽  
Gary S. Logsdon
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Other Substances

Scatological Asklepios: The Use of Excrement in Graeco-Roman Healthcare1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
W V Harris
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
General State ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Other Substances

Abstract In the classical world, “official” rationalistic medicine made therapeutic use of excrement, urine and other substances that modern humans normally regard as repulsive (this was even true of Galen, the culminating authority); and popular medicine seems to have done so on a large scale. Such practices, which finally lost their professional though not their popular acceptability in the 18th century, have been studied to good purpose by other historians, but they have never been explained in a satisfactory fashion, partly because the relevant evidence is highly diverse. The present paper, by considering the long term (pre-Greek as well as Greek and Roman) and all the relevant contexts, including ancient feelings of disgust and the general state of ancient pharmacology, and by probing people’s subconscious motives, attempts to establish a multi-factor explanation. This explanation balances traditions, beliefs about the inherent qualities, physical and magical, of natural substances, and the psychological needs of both healers and the sick.

scholarly journals Laboratory rearing of woodpigeons (Columba palumbus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Fazlul Haque ◽  
D. M. Broom ◽  
J. F. Gaitens
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
In Captivity

18 woodpigeons were reared. Weight gain was similar to that of wild-reared birds if they were collected from the nest at 5-11 days of age, but slower if they were collected later. The woodpigeon ( Columba palumbus) is an agricultural pest in Britain. As part of a field and laboratory study of pigeon-scaring methods, we have reared woodpigeons in captivity. There are very few reports on hand-rearing of woodpigeons in laboratory conditions. Colquhoun (1951) recorded the bodyweight of squabs (young pigeons) during laboratory rearing. These weights were much lower than those recorded by Murton, Isaacson & Westwood (1963) for birds of comparable age in field studies. Kenward & Sibly (1978) also reported the hand-rearing of woodpigeons. The present paper deals with the methods of rearing and with weight gain in the laboratory.

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