Maus y la ética de la representación después del Holocausto Narrativas post-traumáticas, elaboración y post-memoria. / Maus and the Ethics of Representation After the Holocaust Post-traumatic narratives, elaboration and post-memory.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-113
Author(s):  
Silvana Vetö

En este trabajo se examinarán algunos de los problemas éticos que el Holocausto ha planteado a los medios de representación de la historia, para luego ligar las distintas narrativas que resultan de dichas representaciones, con las posibilidades de duelo y elaboración. Se abordarán primero los planteamientos de Theodor Adorno respecto de las posibilidades del arte frente al sufrimiento. Luego se expondrán algunos aspectos del debate surgido al final de la década del 70 a propósito de la representación del Holocausto en medios de comunicación de masa y en la “alta” cultura. Se mostrará como persiste en ese debate una perspectiva dicotómica respecto del trauma, de la cual surgen dos tipos de narrativas post-traumáticas supuestamente irreconciliables, que no permiten una adecuada elaboración y un duelo satisfactorio respecto de las pérdidas implicadas en el acontecimiento traumático. Finalmente, analizaremos en detalle la novela gráfica Maus. Relato de un superviviente, cuya narrativa experimental permite cuestionar y deconstruir la dicotomía redención/aporía de manera novedosa, planteando nuevos problemas vinculados a la memoria del Holocausto y a la posibilidades de duelo. In this work, we will focus on some of the ethical problems that the Holocaust has posed to the representation of historical limit-events. We will then link the different narratives emerging from these representations to the possibilities of mourning and elaboration. First, we will examine the German philosopher Theodor Adorno’s propositions concerning the possibilities of art in the face of suffering. Then, we will present some aspects of the debate that arose in the late 70s regarding the representation of the Holocaust in mass media and in ‘high’ culture. It will be shown how in this debate there persists a dichotomist perspective of trauma, which creates two supposedly irreconcilable types of post-traumatic narratives that do not permit an appropriate elaboration and mourning of losses caused by the traumatic event. Finally, we will analyze the graphic novel Maus. A Survivor’s Tale, whose experimental and open narrative allows an original questioning and deconstruction of the redemption/aporia dichotomy, putting forward new problems related to the memory of the Holocaust and the possibilities of mourning.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e242855
Author(s):  
Freston Marc Sirur ◽  
Akash Daswaney ◽  
Roshini Raghu ◽  
Mohammad Khalid

We report a case of a 30-year-old man who presented with altered mental status, fever, headache and vomiting for 3 days. An initial CT scan of the brain revealed the presence of pneumocephalus with a bony defect in the anterior cranial fossa. The pneumocephalus was not explained initially and the patient was re-examined for any signs of trauma to the face, and a review of the history revealed a series of three traumatic events months prior to this illness. Further laboratory studies revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae in the blood and bacterial meningitis. He was treated with antibiotics and was later taken up for endoscopic repair of the skull base defect. This case highlights the importance of recognising post-traumatic pneumocephalus with superimposed meningitis and sepsis months after a traumatic event to the skull base.


Enfoques ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Dayana Castillo ◽  
Paola Oyola ◽  
Carlos Enrique Garavito Ariza

ResumenEl presente artículo presenta una aproximación teórica acerca de los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados al trastorno de estrés postraumático en combatientes, como también el concepto de resiliencia como estrategia de afrontamiento ante los eventos de estrés postraumático en combatientes activos y las consecuencias en la aparición de depresión, ansiedad y síntomas asociados al estrés. Es así que se encuentra que el estrés desencadenado por un evento traumático se evidencia no solo en lo físico, sino también en lo emocional, afectando todos los contextos en los que se desarrolla el individuo. Para finalizar se presentan estrategias de desarrollo de resiliencia en población afectada por el conflicto armado. Las conclusiones del presente artículo dan cuenta del impacto del estrés postraumático en la población combatiente y la efectividad de la resiliencia como estrategia de afrontamiento. Resilience as a strategy for coping with post-traumatic stress in combatantsAbstractThis article presents a theoretical approach to the psychosocial risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in combatants, as well as the concept of resilience as a coping strategy in the face of post-traumatic stress events in active combatants and the consequences in the onset of depression, anxiety and symptoms associated with stress. Thus, it is found that the stress triggered by a traumatic event is evidenced not only in the physical, but also in the emotional, affecting all the contexts in which the individual develops. Finally, resilience development strategies are presented in the population affected by the armed conflict. The conclusions of this article show the impact of post-traumatic stress on the combatant population and the effectiveness of resilience as a coping strategy.  Resiliência como estratégia de enfrentamento do estresse póstraumático em combatentesResumoEste artigo apresenta uma abordagem teórica dos fatores de risco psicossocial associados ao transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em combatentes, bem como o conceito de resiliência como estratégia de enfrentamento frente a eventos de estresse pós-traumático em combatentes ativos e as conseqüências no início de depressão. , ansiedade e sintomas associados ao estresse. Assim, descobriu-se que o estresse desencadeado por um evento traumático é evidenciado não apenas no físico, mas também no emocional, afetando todos os contextos em que o indivíduo se desenvolve. Finalmente, as estratégias de desenvolvimento da resiliência são apresentadas na população afetada pelo conflito armado. As conclusões deste artigo mostram o impacto do estresse pós-traumático na população combatente e a eficácia da resiliência como estratégia de enfrentamento.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110167
Author(s):  
Tara Rava Zolnikov ◽  
Tanya Clark ◽  
Tessa Zolnikov

Anxiety and fear felt by people around the world regarding the coronavirus pandemic is real and can be overwhelming, resulting in strong emotional reactions in adults and children. With depressive and anxiety disorders already highly prevalent in the general population (300 million worldwide), depression and/or anxiety specifically because of the pandemic response is likely. Moreover, the current state of panic in the face of uncertainty is apt to produce significant amounts of stress. While this situation has the potential to cause psychological disorders in previously unaffected populations, perhaps more impactful is the exacerbation of symptoms of many existing disorders including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bourgeois ◽  
E. Peters ◽  
A. Van Mieghem ◽  
A. Vrancken ◽  
G. Giacalone ◽  
...  

AbstractFacial edemas not secondary to surgery and/or radiotherapy for head and neck cancer are relatively uncommon. Our aim is to report a retrospective analysis of the lymphoscintigraphic and SPECT-CT investigations obtained in patients with such facial edema. Retrospective review of exams (planar imagings in all and with SPECT-CT in 5) obtained after the subcutaneous injection of 99mTc HSA Nanosized colloids between the eyebrows in five men and seven women. Four main lymphatic pathways were identified on sequential planar imagings: para-nasal left and right and supra- ocular left and right. For eleven patients, the absence of visualization of lymphatic drainage and/or their delayed appearance correlated well with the localisation of the edematous areas. In two patients with post-traumatic and post- surgical edemas, SPECT-CT showed one deep left sided cervical lymph node (LN) in front of the first cervical vertebra. This lymphoscintigraphic approach represents a simple and valuable way to assess the lymphatic drainage pathways of the face and to establish the diagnosis of facial lymphedema.


Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Camps-Cervera

No professional of the mass media would dare to say without much ado that ‘anything goes’ to obtain publicity, to gain hearing or to compete with the adversary. That's why we appeal to the ethics. To ask for an ethical look or, better, an ethical commitment on the part of the mass media. Ningún profesional de los medios de comunicación se atrevería a decir sin más que todo vale para obtener publicidad, ganar audiencia o competir con el adversario. Por eso apelamos a la ética. Pedir una mirada ética o, mejor, un compromiso ético por parte de los medios de comunicación.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Battaglia ◽  
Luigi Zerbinati ◽  
Michele Provenzano ◽  
Pasquale Esposito ◽  
Michele Andreucci ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney transplant (KT)can cause a psychological trauma due to changes in self-perception, in interpersonal relationships, and in the philosophy of life. However, the exposure to this traumatic event might lead to not only stress disorders but also positive growth. Primary aim of study was to evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic growth (PTG)in KTRs. Secondary aim was to explore any association between PTG and psychiatric, psychosocial and medical variables, specifically psychiatric diagnoses, demoralization, as well as physical and general problems or symptoms. Method KTRs followed up in a single nephrology Unit, were evaluated. Each patient was individually administered MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0. and DCPR interview to evaluate ICD-10 psychiatric diagnoses and DCPR diagnoses. PTG Inventory (PTGI), ESAS-revised, CPC, and DS-IT were given as self-report instruments to be filled in. PTGI was used to investigate positive psychological experience of patients after KT on a 0 to 5-point Likert scale(0=I did not experience this change as a result of my KT;5=I experienced this change to a very great degree as a result of my KT).It consists of 21 items divided in five factors: New Possibilities(NP),Relating to Others(RO),Personal Strength(PS),Spiritual Change(SC),and Appreciation of Life(AL).ESAS-revised, DS-IT and CPC were used to examine the severity of physical and psychological symptoms on a 0 to 10 scale; to measure the severity of demoralization on a 0 to 4 scale and to evaluate the physical and general problems in a yes/no(0–1)format, respectively. Results Data pertaining to 134 out of 143 consecutive outpatients were collected. Clinical characteristics of sample and ranking order of ICD and DCPR diagnoses are shown in Tab.1.Mean score of PTGI total of sample was 52.02 (±20.69).SC(4.26±2.94)experience was markedly lower than RO(16.26±8.18),NP(11.25±5.56),PS(10.91±5.33)and AL(9.77±3.72).PS changes were higher in KTRs with adaption ICD diagnosis(p<0.001);while no SC change was found in KTRs with an ICD diagnosis of mood disorders(p<0.01).DCPR diagnosis of alexithymia and Irritability were associated with low RO score(13.74±6.51 and 13.97±6.95,respectively)(p <0.05).AL subscale was positively correlated with ESAS anxiety symptom and ESAS psychological distress sub-score(p<0.05); and negatively with DS-lT loss of meaning and purpose subscale(p<0.05).Women(57.2±23.07)had higher scores of PTGI than men (49.5±19.04)(p <0.05).No significant correlation was found between CPC problems, blood chemistry and socio-demographic characteristics, including months after transplant. Conclusion This study shows that KTRs had moderate-to-high levels of PTG which did not change after KT overtime. Also, lower RO score was associated with DCPR diagnosis of alexithymia, highlighting the potential ability of PTGI to identify KTRs who need psychological support. Further multicentre studies should be conducted to investigate the positive psychological changes after KT.


2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayer Waxman

The author looks at children of Holocaust survivors as a distinct clinical group. These patients often display symptoms resembling those found in concentration-camp-survivor syndrome. Common symptoms include depression, anxiety, maladaptive behavior, and symptoms of personality disorder and even post traumatic stress disorder. The author reviews theories explaining the phenomenon and discusses treatment implications for both mental-health professionals and for clergy.


2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liedl ◽  
M. O'Donnell ◽  
M. Creamer ◽  
D. Silove ◽  
A. McFarlane ◽  
...  

BackgroundPain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are frequently co-morbid in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Although several models attempt to explain the relationship between these two disorders, the mechanisms underlying the relationship remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between each PTSD symptom cluster and pain over the course of post-traumatic adjustment.MethodIn a longitudinal study, injury patients (n=824) were assessed within 1 week post-injury, and then at 3 and 12 months. Pain was measured using a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to identify causal relationships between pain and PTSD.ResultsIn a saturated model we found that the relationship between acute pain and 12-month pain was mediated by arousal symptoms at 3 months. We also found that the relationship between baseline arousal and re-experiencing symptoms, and later 12-month arousal and re-experiencing symptoms, was mediated by 3-month pain levels. The final model showed a good fit [χ2=16.97, df=12, p>0.05, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.999, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.022].ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence of mutual maintenance between pain and PTSD.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 20140008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett T. Litz

The resilience construct has received a great deal of attention as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The discourse about resilience, especially the promise of promoting it and mitigating risk for serious post-traumatic negative outcomes among service members and veterans, is hopeful and encouraging. Remarkably, most service members exposed to horrific war trauma are not incapacitated by the experience. Yet, resilience is elusive and fleeting for many veterans of war. In this paper, I address some of the complexities about resilience in the context of exposure to war stressors and I offer some assumptions and heuristics that stem from my involvement in the dialogue about resilience and from experiences helping prevent post-traumatic stress disorder among active-duty service members with military trauma. My goal is to use my observations and applied experiences as an instructive context to raise critical questions for the field about resilience in the face of traumatic life-events.


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