The current state of cytogenetic studies of bats (Chiroptera) of the Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 58-4 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
R. I. Dzuev ◽  
A. R. Dzuev ◽  
M.A. Khashkulova ◽  
V. N. Kanukova ◽  
R. K. Sabanova
Keyword(s):  
The Caucasus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

Geobotanical studies at the Caucasus: a review of materials of the International Conference “Flora and conservation in the Caucasus: history and current state of knowledge” (Pyatigorsk, May 22–25, 2019)

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
T. M. Lysenko ◽  
V. Yu. Neshatayeva ◽  
Z. V. Dutova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Current State

The International conference “Flora and conservation in the Caucasus: history and current state of knowledge” dedicated to the 130-year anniversary of the Perkalsky Arboretum took place at 22–25 of May 2019 in Pyatigorsk (Stavropol Territory) on the base of the Pyatigorsk Museum of local lore and natural history. The participants were from 11 cities of Russia and 7 Republics of the Caucasus and represented 14 institutions. Proceedings of the conference were published by the beginning of the meeting the book of abstracts includes 49 papers on the study of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and fungi, plant communities, as well as the protection of rare and endangered species, unique plant communities, and ecological problems in the Caucasus. The following geobotanical topics were highlighted in 13 papers: forest communities (3 reports), meadow and steppe vegetation (2), xeric open forests (2), communities of ecotone areas (1), structure of populations of rare plant species (3), as well as the history and current status of nature protected areas (2). The great emphasis has been focused on the study of floristic composition and plant populations. Thus, the conference showed that very few studies от vegetation are currently carried out in the Caucasus, and a lot of districts are not affected by the research. The greatest attention is paid to forest vegetation while meadow, steppe, alpine heath and xerophytic communities are studied rather poorly. Besides, there are “white spots” — mire, floodplain and aquatic vegetation. In nowadays, when the anthropogenic impact on the plant cover of the Caucasus is intensively increasing, it is especially important to study natural undisturbed communities preserved in protected natural areas. Another important issue is the conservation of the unique vegetation cover of the whole Caucasus. Thus, the study of vegetation of this region opens a wide field for researchers using various methods of modern plant science.

Current state and recent changes in glacial systems in Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Khromova ◽  
Gennady Nosenko ◽  
Andrey Glazovsky ◽  
Anton Muraviev ◽  
Stanislav Nikitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eastern Sayan

<p>The new glacier inventory created recently at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to study the current state and recent changes of glacial systems in Russia, where now there are 22 glacial systems. The total area of ​​glaciation on this territory is 54,531 km2 based on Sentinel 2 images obtained mainly in 2016-2019. This area is occupied by 7478 glaciers. The largest glacial system in area is located on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago (22,241.37 km2). It is followed by Severnaya Zemlya (16491.81 km2) and Franz Josef Land (12530.03 km2). The next largest glacial systems are locate on the Caucasus Mountains (1067.13 km2), Kamchatka (682.8 km2) and Altai (523.14 km2). The area of ​​glaciers on the Arctic island of Ushakov (283, 09 km2), in the Suntar Khayata mountains (132, 97 km2) and the Koryak Upland (254.1 km2) occupies a range from 100 to 300 km2.</p><p>The largest group is small glacial systems, the area of ​​which does not exceed 100 km2. They are located in different glaciological zones: the De Long Islands (65, 2 km2),  the Urals (10.45 km2), the Putorana Plateau (11.36 km2), the Byranga Mountains (29.94 km2), the Chersky Ridge (86.37 km2), the Chukotka Upland (15.98 km2). Northeast of the Koryak highlands (42.19 km2), Kodar Ridge (16.22 km2), Eastern Sayan (12.88 km2).</p><p>The remaining four regions are characterized by the smallest glacial systems. These are the Orulgan ridge (9.82km2) and the Kolyma Upland (6.62 km2), the Kuznetsk Alatau (3.42km2), the Barguzinsky (0.09) and Baikalsky ( 0.65km2) ridges. Despite their small size, these glacial systems are important from indicative point of view, fixing the zone of spatial distribution of glaciation. They indicate the growth points in the event of a change in climatic conditions according to a scenario favorable for glaciers.</p><p>The glacier area has decreased since the compilation of the USSR glacier Inventory (1965-1982) by 5603.9 km2 or 9.3%. The area of ​​polar glaciers has decreased less than glaciers in mountainous regions. Values ​​range from 5.44% (Novaya Zemlya) to 19.11% (De Longa Islands). Small glaciers were not found in the Khibiny. Glaciers in the Urals have reduced their area by 63%. The subpolar glacier systems of the Orulgan (46.6%), Chersky (44.4%), and Suntar-Khayata (34%) ridges reduced the area a little less. Reduction in the area of ​​glacial systems in the temperate belt ranges from 57% (Eastern Sayan) to 13% (Kodar). The largest glacial systems in the Caucasus, Kamchatka and Altai have reduced their areas by 25, 22 and 39 percent, respectively.</p><p>The results of our studies confirm the tendencies for the reduction of the glacier area throughout Russia. The exception is the glaciers of the volcanic regions of Kamchatka, which increased their size or remained stationary. The magnitude and rate of changes depend on the local climatic and orographic features.</p><p>The presentation includes the results obtained in the framework of the following research projects: № 0148-2019-0004 of the Research Plan of the Institute of Geography of RAS, № 18-05-60067 supported by RFBR. </p>

scholarly journals The current state of crustal stresses in the Caucasus according to the unified catalogue of earthquake focal mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Rebetsky
Keyword(s):  
Rock Strength ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Internet Resource ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Crustal Stresses ◽  
Current State ◽  
Earthquake Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Seismological Data

The current state of crustal stresses in the Caucasus and adjacent territories has been reconstructed. Stress inversion was performed by the cataclastic analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms considered as seismological strain indicators. The data were taken from the unified catalogue of focal mechanisms of the Northern Eurasia, which was consolidated by the Laboratory of Tectonophysics of IPE RAS in the early 1990s. It contains the information from many seismological data sources of various authors who worked both in the USSR and abroad. Seismological data for the last years after the collapse of the USSR were taken from Global CMT catalogue. The study area has been quite densely covered by reconstructions of the principal stress axes. At the same time, the area of stress averaging has been considerably reduced by the iterative use of a window for stress averaging, which was gradually expanded for zones with reduced densities of earthquake epicenters. The revealed regularities of the current stress field based on the unified catalogue of focal mechanisms collected by different authors correlate with the reconstructions performed according to the Global CMT catalogue. The cataclastic analysis of displacements along fractures allowed estimating the stress magnitudes, and the crust of the study area was zoned with respect to the intensity of normalized values of the lowest and highest stresses of horizontal compression, as well as to the normalized values of shear stresses acting on the crustal basement. In all cases, the values were normalized to the rock strength. The stress parameters are presented in “Tectonic Stresses of Eurasia”. This new Internet resource created by the Laboratory of Tectonophysics on the IPE RAS website shows the stress data in different scales and levels of details.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE OF STUDY OF PLANTS OF HEDYSARUM L. FLORAE OF THE CAUCASUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Imachuyeva ◽  
F. K. Serebryanaya
Keyword(s):  
The Caucasus ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals “Mountain of Tongues” The Languages of the Caucasus in Arabic-Islamic Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Danylenko
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Locus Classicus

The paper is devoted to the linguistic diversity of the Caucasus as reflected in the writing of Arab-Muslim geographers and historians. Dealing with the locus classicus jabal al-alsun ‘mountain of tongues’ in the output of Arab-Muslim authors, the author juxtaposes the current state of the study of Caucasus polyglossia with the description of the jumble of languages in the works of Ibn al-Faqīh, al-Mas‘ūdī, Abū al-Fidā’, al-Muhallabī and other authors. Outlining some parallels in Graeco-Roman historians, the author concludes that the diversity of languages spoken in the Caucasus as described by Arab-Muslim geographers appears to be in concord with the degree of the linguistic diversity as conceived today in areal-typological studies.

scholarly journals A. SJOGREN`S EXPERIENCE OF LEARNING THE RELIGION OF THE OSSETIANS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLICY OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CAUCASUS REGION

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.Б. БИЦОТИ
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Current State ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
Unique Source

Кавказ» соответственно в 1843 и 1846 гг. Статья ученого запечатлела как актуальное состояние религиозных верований осетин первой половины XIX в., так и отношение к ним самого автора, сформированное под влиянием господствующих на тот момент те­орий происхождения недавно присоединенного к Российской империи кавказского этноса. Не все ритуалы и верования осетин были поняты и описаны ученым правильно. Однако, ввиду отсутствия других подобных исследований, именно формулировки и выводы Шегрена, как об этом сви­детельствуют источники, вплоть до конца XIX в. служили одним из ос­новных ориентиров для представителей администрации края в выборе направления религиозно-просветительской политики по отношению к осетинам. Многие осетинские ритуалы и культы нашли свое правильное объяснение лишь в трудах ученых последующего поколения, таких как В.Б. Пфафф, В.Ф. Миллер и Ю.А. Кулаковский. Но, несмотря на все недостатки, ставшие впоследствии очевидными, статья А.М. Шегрена является уни­кальным источником знаний о религиозных верованиях осетин и заслу­живает пристального внимания. Осетия не была единственным местом пребывания ученого во время его командировки на Кавказ, а верования осетин не были основной сферой интереса А.М. Шегрена. Для правильного понимания тональности автора статьи и сделанных им выводов необ­ходимо рассмотрение публикации Шегрена в контексте общекавказских явлений первой половины XIX в. This article analyzes the publications of A. M. Sjogren devoted to the religious beliefs of the Ossetians in the periodicals «Mayak» and «Kavkaz» in 1843 and 1846, respectively. The article of the scientist reviews both the current state of religious beliefs of the Ossetians in the first half of the XIXth century, and the author’s at­titude to them, which was formed under the influence of the prevailing theories of the origin of the Caucasian ethnic group recently integrated into the Russian Em­pire. Not all the rituals and beliefs of the Ossetians were understood and described correctly by the scientist. However, due to the absence of other similar studies, it is the wording and conclusions of Sjogren, as evidenced by the sources, until the end of the XIXth century. served as one of the main guidelines for representatives of the regional administration in choosing the direction of religious and educa­tional policy towards the Ossetians. Many Ossetian rituals and cults found their more correct explanation only in the works of the scientists of the next generation, such as V. B. Pfaff, V. F. Miller and Y. A. Kulakovsky. But despite all the shortcomings that later became obvious, the article by Sjogren is a unique source of knowledge about the religious beliefs of Ossetians and deserves close attention. Ossetia was not the only destination of the scientist during his stay in the Caucasus, and the be­liefs of Ossetians were not the main area of interest for A. M. Sjogren. For a proper understanding of the tone of the author and his conclusions, made on the basis of the analysis, we must review Sjogren publications in the context of pan-Caucasian phenomena of the first half of the nineteenth century.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

Recent applications of TEM to the study of interfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
High Resolution Images

This paper will review the current state of understanding of interface structure and highlight some of the future needs and problems which must be overcome. The study of this subject can be separated into three different topics: 1) the fundamental electron microscopy aspects, 2) material-specific features of the study and 3) the characteristics of the particular interfaces. The two topics which are relevant to most studies are the choice of imaging techniques and sample preparation. The techniques used to study interfaces in the TEM include high-resolution imaging, conventional diffraction-contrast imaging, and phase-contrast imaging (Fresnel fringe images, diffuse scattering). The material studied affects not only the characteristics of the interfaces (through changes in bonding, etc.) but also the method used for sample preparation which may in turn have a significant affect on the resulting image. Finally, the actual nature and geometry of the interface must be considered. For example, it has become increasingly clear that the plane of the interface is particularly important whenever at least one of the adjoining grains is crystalline.A particularly productive approach to the study of interfaces is to combine different imaging techniques as illustrated in the study of grain boundaries in alumina. In this case, the conventional imaging approach showed that most grain boundaries in ion-thinned samples are grooved at the grain boundary although the extent of this grooving clearly depends on the crystallography of the surface. The use of diffuse scattering (from amorphous regions) gives invaluable information here since it can be used to confirm directly that surface grooving does occur and that the grooves can fill with amorphous material during sample preparation (see Fig. 1). Extensive use of image simulation has shown that, although information concerning the interface can be obtained from Fresnel-fringe images, the introduction of artifacts through sample preparation cannot be lightly ignored. The Fresnel-fringe simulation has been carried out using a commercial multislice program (TEMPAS) which was intended for simulation of high-resolution images.

Proteasome inhibitors as therapeutics

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Constantine S. Mitsiades ◽  
Nicholas Mitsiades ◽  
Teru Hideshima ◽  
Paul G. Richardson ◽  
Kenneth C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Clinical Research Data

The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is a principle intracellular mechanism for controlled protein degradation and has recently emerged as an attractive target for anticancer therapies, because of the pleiotropic cell-cycle regulators and modulators of apoptosis that are controlled by proteasome function. In this chapter, we review the current state of the field of proteasome inhibitors and their prototypic member, bortezomib, which was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced multiple myeloma. Particular emphasis is placed on the pre-clinical research data that became the basis for eventual clinical applications of proteasome inhibitors, an overview of the clinical development of this exciting drug class in multiple myeloma, and a appraisal of possible uses in other haematological malignancies, such non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

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