A selective microalgae strain for biodiesel production in relation to higher lipid profile

Biodiesel have become the important asset by the country especially to build up their economy. Currently, microalgae have been choosing as the source for production of biodiesel based on their advantages. Microalgae are a photosynthetic organism that use light as an energy source and able to produce their own food. These microalgae also produce a lipid that can be used to produce a biodiesel. Using microalgae that contain high lipid profile are very important to make sure the biodiesel can be produce in large quantity in short time and more cost saving. Although many microalgae species have been identified and isolated for lipid production, there is currently no consensus as to which species provide the highest productivity. Different species are expected to function best at different aquatic, geographical and climatic conditions. So, this experiment is conducted to identify which strain of microalgae contains high lipid profile that can be used to convert into the biodiesel. There are three main objectives that involve in this experiment which is to isolate and identify different strain of microalgae from Kuantan Coast, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, to convert the lipid from microalgae into biodiesel through transesterification, and to estimate higher lipid profile of microalgae species for biodiesel production. Two species of green microalgae were isolated, which is Nannochloropsis sp and Coelastrum sp. Based on lipid extraction and lipid analysis, it shows that the Nannochloropsis sp. have more concentrated of lipid and higher lipid profile compared to Coelastrum sp. Hence, Nannochloropsis sp. are most suitable species that can be used as a biodiesel feedstock due to higher lipid profile of MUFA.

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Optimization of lipid accumulation in Pleurastrum insigne for biodiesel production

Research Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.25303/1610rjbt144155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 144-155

Author(s):

Van Lal Michael Chhandama ◽

Belur Kumudini Satyan

Keyword(s):

Lipid Content ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Statistical Design ◽

High Growth ◽

High Growth Rate ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Biodiesel Standards ◽

High Lipid ◽

Different Sources

Microalgae emerged as a competent feedstock for biodiesel production because of high growth rate and lipid content. This work focuses on isolation of novel microalgal strain from different sources of water for the production of biodiesel. The isolated microalgae, Pleurastrum insigne possessed high lipid content (~28 % dcw), further optimized to 57.06 % dcw using a statistical design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology. Lipid production was optimized by nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pH stress. The different type of fatty acids present in the optimized lipid was also profiled using GCMS. Biodiesel yield was found to be 82.14 % of the total lipid and the fuel properties tested have met IS, ASTM and EN biodiesel standards.

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Lipid Extraction fromSpirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. Using Supercritical CO2with Methanol

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/2720763 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shihong Liu ◽

Husam A. Abu Hajar ◽

Guy Riefler ◽

Ben J. Stuart

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvents ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

High Lipid

Microalgae are one of the most promising feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their high lipid content and easy farming. However, the extraction of lipids from microalgae is energy intensive and costly and involves the use of toxic organic solvents. Compared with organic solvent extraction, supercritical CO2(SCCO2) has demonstrated advantages through lower toxicity and no solvent-liquid separation. Due to the nonpolar nature of SCCO2, polar organic solvents such as methanol may need to be added as a modifier in order to increase the extraction ability of SCCO2. In this paper, pilot scale lipid extraction using SCCO2was studied on two microalgae species:Spirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. For each species, SCCO2extraction was conducted on 200 g of biomass for 6 h. Methanol was added as a cosolvent in the extraction process based on a volume ratio of 4%. The results showed that adding methanol in SCCO2increased the lipid extraction yield significantly for both species. Under an operating pressure of 4000 psi, the lipid extraction yields forSpirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. were increased by 80% and 72%, respectively. It was also found that a stepwise addition of methanol was more effective than a one-time addition. In comparison with Soxhlet extraction using methylene chloride/methanol (2:1, v/v), the methanol-SCCO2extraction demonstrated its high effectiveness for lipid extraction. In addition, the methanol-SCCO2system showed a high lipid extraction yield after increasing biomass loading fivefold, indicating good potential for scaling up this method. Finally, a kinetic study of the SCCO2extraction process was conducted, and the results showed that methanol concentration in SCCO2has the strongest influence on the lipid extraction yield.

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Microbial Oil Using Cardoon Stalks as Carbon Source

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1473

Author(s):

Marco Castellini ◽

Stefano Ubertini ◽

Diego Barletta ◽

Ilaria Baffo ◽

Pietro Buzzini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Production Cost ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Microbial Oil ◽

Lipid Yield

Today one of the most interesting ways to produce biodiesel is based on the use of oleaginous microorganisms, which can accumulate microbial oil with a composition similar to vegetable oils. In this paper, we present a thermo-chemical numerical model of the yeast biodiesel production process, considering cardoon stalks as raw material. The simulation is performed subdividing the process into the following sections: steam explosion pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, lipid production, lipid extraction, and alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Numerical results show that 406.4 t of biodiesel can be produced starting from 10,000 t of lignocellulosic biomass. An economic analysis indicates a biodiesel production cost of 12.8 USD/kg, thus suggesting the need to increase the capacity plant and the lipid yield to make the project economically attractive. In this regard, a sensitivity analysis is also performed considering an ideal lipid yield of 22% and 100,000 t of lignocellulosic biomass. The biodiesel production costs related to these new scenarios are 7.88 and 5.91 USD/kg, respectively. The large capacity plant combined with a great lipid yield in the fermentation stage shows a biodiesel production cost of 3.63 USD/kg making the product competitive on the current market of biofuels by microbial oil.

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Evaluation of Algae-Based Biodiesel Production Topologies via Inherent Safety Index (ISI)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11062854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 2854

Author(s):

Angel Darío González-Delgado ◽

Janet B. García-Martínez ◽

Andrés F. Barajas-Solano

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Inherent Safety ◽

Safety Index ◽

Chemical Safety ◽

Energy Needs ◽

High Lipid ◽

New Energy

Increasing energy needs have led to soaring fossil fuel consumption, which has caused several environmental problems. These environmental aspects along with the energy demand have motivated the search for new energy systems. In this context, biofuels such as biodiesel have been developing into a substitute for conventional fuels. Microalgae are considered a promising option for biodiesel production due to their high lipid content. Therefore, it is important to analyze the technical aspects of the biodiesel production system. In this work, the inherent safety analysis of three emerging topologies for biodiesel production from microalgae was performed using the inherent safety index (ISI) methodology. Selected topologies include biodiesel production via lipid extraction and transesterification, in-situ transesterification, and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The results revealed that the processes are inherently unsafe achieving total inherent safety index scores of 30, 29, and 36. The main risks in the cases were associated with the chemical safety index. Operating conditions represented no risk for topologies 1 and 2, while for topology 3 pressure and temperature were identified as critical variables. In general, topology 2 showed better performance from a safety perspective.

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Effect of nitrate on lipid production by T. suecica, M. contortum, and C. minutissima

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-013-0173-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 578-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Didier Sánchez-García ◽

Anayelli Resendiz-Isidro ◽

Thelma Villegas-Garrido ◽

César Flores-Ortiz ◽

Benjamín Chávez-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

High Oleic ◽

High Lipid

AbstractMicroalgae are an alternative and sustainable source of lipids that can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Nitrate is a good nitrogen source for many microalgae and affects biomass and lipid yields of microalgae. In this study, the effect of nitrate on cell growth and lipid production and composition in Monoraphidium contortum, Tetraselmis suecica, and Chlorella minutissima was investigated. Nitrate affected the production of biomass and the production and composition of lipids of the three microalgae tested. Increasing the nitrate concentration in the culture medium resulted in increased biomass production and higher biomass productivity. Furthermore, increasing the nitrate concentration resulted in a reduction in lipid content and productivity in M. contortum; however, the opposite effect was observed in T. suecica and C. minutissima cultures. C. minutissima and M. contortum lipids contain high levels of oleic acid, with values ranging from 26 to 45.7% and 36.4 to 40.1%, respectively. The data suggest that because of its high lipid productivity (13.79 mg L−1 d−1) and high oleic acid productivity (3.78 mg L−1 d−1), Chlorella minutissima is a potential candidate for the production of high quality biodiesel.

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Lipid Production from Sugarcane Top Hydrolysate and Crude Glycerol with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis Using a Two-Stage Batch-Cultivation Strategy with Separate Optimization of Each Stage

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8030453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 453

Author(s):

Jeerapan Boonyarit ◽

Pirapan Polburee ◽

Bongkot Khaenda ◽

Zongbao K. Zhao ◽

Savitree Limtong

Keyword(s):

Crude Glycerol ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Glycerol Solution ◽

High Cell ◽

Two Stage ◽

Second Stage ◽

High Lipid

Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms, including oleaginous yeasts, are recognized as feedstock for biodiesel production. A production process development of these organisms is necessary to bring lipid feedstock production up to the industrial scale. This study aimed to enhance lipid production of low-cost substrates, namely sugarcane top and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, by using a two-stage cultivation process with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-SP314. In the first stage, sugarcane top hydrolysate was used for cell propagation, and in the second stage, cells were suspended in a crude glycerol solution for lipid production. Optimization for high cell mass production in the first stage, and for high lipid production in the second stage, were performed separately using a one-factor-at-a-time methodology together with response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions in the first stage (sugarcane top hydrolysate broth containing; 43.18 g/L total reducing sugars, 2.58 g/L soy bean powder, 0.94 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.39 g/L KH2PO4 and 2.5 g/L MgSO4 7H2O, pH 6, 200 rpm, 28 °C and 48 h) and second stage (81.54 g/L crude glycerol, pH 5, 180 rpm, 27 °C and 196 h), a high lipid concentration of 15.85 g/L, a high cell mass of 21.07 g/L and a high lipid content of 73.04% dry cell mass were obtained.

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Utilization of Clarified Butter Sediment Waste as a Feedstock for Cost-Effective Production of Biodiesel

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8070234 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alok Patel ◽

Km Sartaj ◽

Parul A. Pruthi ◽

Vikas Pruthi ◽

Leonidas Matsakas

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Neutral Lipids ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

International Standards ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Lipid

The rising demand and cost of fossil fuels (diesel and gasoline), together with the need for sustainable, alternative, and renewable energy sources have increased the interest for biomass-based fuels such as biodiesel. Among renewable sources of biofuels, biodiesel is particularly attractive as it can be used in conventional diesel engines without any modification. Oleaginous yeasts are excellent oil producers that can grow easily on various types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic waste streams that are used as feedstock for single cell oils and subsequently biodiesel production. In this study, cultivation of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae on a hydrophobic waste (clarified butter sediment waste medium (CBM)) resulted in considerably high lipid accumulation (70.74% w/w). Maximum cell dry weight and total lipid production were 15.52 g/L and 10.98 g/L, respectively, following cultivation in CBM for 144 h. Neutral lipids were found to accumulate in the lipid bodies of cells, as visualized by BODIPY staining and fluorescence microscopy. Cells grown in CBM showed large and dispersed lipid droplets in the intracellular compartment. The fatty acid profile of biodiesel obtained after transesterification was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while its quality was determined to comply with ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 international standards. Hence, clarified sediment waste can be exploited as a cost-effective renewable feedstock for biodiesel production.

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Exergy analysis of conventional and hydrothermal liquefaction–esterification processes of microalgae for biodiesel production

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 874-881

Author(s):

Laras Prasakti ◽

Sangga Hadi Pratama ◽

Ardian Fauzi ◽

Yano Surya Pradana ◽

Arief Budiman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Exergy Analysis ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Exergy Loss ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Third Generation ◽

Land Utilization

AbstractAs fossil fuels were depleting at an alarming rate, the development of renewable energy has become necessary. One of the promising renewable energy to be used is biodiesel. The interest in using third-generation feedstock, which is microalgae, is rapidly growing. The use of third-generation biodiesel feedstock will be more beneficial as it does not compete with food crop use and land utilization. The advantageous characteristic which sets microalgae apart from other biomass sources is that microalgae have high biomass yield. Conventionally, microalgae biodiesel is produced by lipid extraction followed by transesterification. In this study, combination process between hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and esterification is explored. The HTL process is one of the biomass thermochemical conversion methods to produce liquid fuel. In this study, the HTL process will be coupled with esterification, which takes fatty acid from HTL as raw material for producing biodiesel. Both the processes will be studied by simulating with Aspen Plus and thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy and exergy. Based on the simulation process, it was reported that both processes demand similar energy consumption. However, exergy analysis shows that total exergy loss of conventional exergy loss is greater than the HTL-esterification process.

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