scholarly journals Lipid Extraction fromSpirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. Using Supercritical CO2with Methanol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Liu ◽  
Husam A. Abu Hajar ◽  
Guy Riefler ◽  
Ben J. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
High Lipid

Microalgae are one of the most promising feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their high lipid content and easy farming. However, the extraction of lipids from microalgae is energy intensive and costly and involves the use of toxic organic solvents. Compared with organic solvent extraction, supercritical CO2(SCCO2) has demonstrated advantages through lower toxicity and no solvent-liquid separation. Due to the nonpolar nature of SCCO2, polar organic solvents such as methanol may need to be added as a modifier in order to increase the extraction ability of SCCO2. In this paper, pilot scale lipid extraction using SCCO2was studied on two microalgae species:Spirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. For each species, SCCO2extraction was conducted on 200 g of biomass for 6 h. Methanol was added as a cosolvent in the extraction process based on a volume ratio of 4%. The results showed that adding methanol in SCCO2increased the lipid extraction yield significantly for both species. Under an operating pressure of 4000 psi, the lipid extraction yields forSpirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. were increased by 80% and 72%, respectively. It was also found that a stepwise addition of methanol was more effective than a one-time addition. In comparison with Soxhlet extraction using methylene chloride/methanol (2:1, v/v), the methanol-SCCO2extraction demonstrated its high effectiveness for lipid extraction. In addition, the methanol-SCCO2system showed a high lipid extraction yield after increasing biomass loading fivefold, indicating good potential for scaling up this method. Finally, a kinetic study of the SCCO2extraction process was conducted, and the results showed that methanol concentration in SCCO2has the strongest influence on the lipid extraction yield.

scholarly journals Enhanced lipid extraction from microalgae in biodiesel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Gyun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Wook Hwang ◽  
Antony Nzioka ◽  
Young-Ju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Operation Control

In order to secure more effective lipid extraction method, this research investigated new lipid extraction method using laser with absorbent and sought its optimum operation control. In addition, this study compared lipid extraction efficiency and FAME conversion rate between laser extraction method at optimum condition and existing extraction method. Results from experiments for optimizing lipid extraction method using laser showed that the maximum extraction efficiency (81.8%) was attained when using laser with an output capacity of 75Wh/L. Extraction efficiency increased up to 90.8% when microwave treatment as pretreatment process was conducted. Addition of absorbents during lipid extraction process with laser showed higher extraction efficiency than laser and chemical method. It was also found that laser extraction method with absorbent had higher total fatty acid content (853.7 mg/g oil) in extracted lipid than chemical extraction method (825.4 mg/g oil). Furthermore, it had the highest FAME conversion rate (94.2%).

scholarly journals A selective microalgae strain for biodiesel production in relation to higher lipid profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Mashitah M. Yusoff ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
Natanamurugaraj Govindan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Photosynthetic Organism ◽  
Short Time

Biodiesel have become the important asset by the country especially to build up their economy. Currently, microalgae have been choosing as the source for production of biodiesel based on their advantages. Microalgae are a photosynthetic organism that use light as an energy source and able to produce their own food. These microalgae also produce a lipid that can be used to produce a biodiesel. Using microalgae that contain high lipid profile are very important to make sure the biodiesel can be produce in large quantity in short time and more cost saving. Although many microalgae species have been identified and isolated for lipid production, there is currently no consensus as to which species provide the highest productivity. Different species are expected to function best at different aquatic, geographical and climatic conditions. So, this experiment is conducted to identify which strain of microalgae contains high lipid profile that can be used to convert into the biodiesel. There are three main objectives that involve in this experiment which is to isolate and identify different strain of microalgae from Kuantan Coast, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, to convert the lipid from microalgae into biodiesel through transesterification, and to estimate higher lipid profile of microalgae species for biodiesel production. Two species of green microalgae were isolated, which is Nannochloropsis sp and Coelastrum sp. Based on lipid extraction and lipid analysis, it shows that the Nannochloropsis sp. have more concentrated of lipid and higher lipid profile compared to Coelastrum sp. Hence, Nannochloropsis sp. are most suitable species that can be used as a biodiesel feedstock due to higher lipid profile of MUFA.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Solvent and Ratio Towards Microalgae Oil Production by Ultrasonic Assisted Soxhlet Extraction Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1383
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
R. Shahirah
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Algae Oil

Currently, the renewable feedstock is the most needed worldwide. Microalgae are promising raw materials for supplying biofuels due to the depletion of fossil fuels. The microalgae found were mostly consists of freshwater algae. The aim of this research is to study the effect of different solvents and ratio using Soxhlet extraction method. Many parameters were introduced in this study in order to enhance the lipid production of microalgae. Lipid content of algae oil production known as Fatty acid that found was being analyzed. Different solvents used and ratio was expected to have different highest in lipid content. Chloroform, ethanol, and hexane were chosen as the solvents used. The best solvent for lipid production was the combination of different solvents and ratio. Data showed that 8% is the highest total oil extraction yield obtained from combination of chloroform and ethanol with a ratio (1:2). The compound and lipid content in algae oil are analyzed through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Fatty acids have many benefits and also have interest preparation for health products. Green microalgae strain was being identified and cultured as future potential for biodiesel production. Significant of this study is to unveil the benefit of algae oil as sustainable future resources.

scholarly journals Towards a sustainable approach for the development of biodiesel microalgae, Closterium sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Nuttapong Saetang ◽  
Sawitree Tipnee
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Near Future

As fossil fuels are the principal source for the automobile and energy sectors, global warming and a rapid decrease in their availability are seen. Alternative fuels that are sustainable, renewable, and eco-friendly are widely investigated in order to maintain an aesthetic environment and combat fossil fuel depletion. Biofuels have the ability to both reduce pollution and provide energy. This study focuses on the extraction of oil from freshwater microalgae, Closterium sp. algae using the Soxhlet extraction process for biodiesel production. Oils are extracted from dry microalgae biomass and used in biodiesel production using solvent (hexane and acetone) extraction. With the help of solvents and catalysts, the extracted oil undergoes transesterification, which transforms it to biodiesel. Closterium sp. oil extraction using hexane and acetone yielded 7.8 and 5.6 g, respectively, as well as biodiesel was achieved 6.4 and 4.1 g. In the near future, this would be a revolutionary approach to produce cost-effective biodiesel from microalgae. Moreover, in this research article, Closterium sp. biotechnology for biodiesel production developments and prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Algae-Based Biodiesel Production Topologies via Inherent Safety Index (ISI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2854
Author(s):  
Angel Darío González-Delgado ◽  
Janet B. García-Martínez ◽  
Andrés F. Barajas-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
New Energy

Increasing energy needs have led to soaring fossil fuel consumption, which has caused several environmental problems. These environmental aspects along with the energy demand have motivated the search for new energy systems. In this context, biofuels such as biodiesel have been developing into a substitute for conventional fuels. Microalgae are considered a promising option for biodiesel production due to their high lipid content. Therefore, it is important to analyze the technical aspects of the biodiesel production system. In this work, the inherent safety analysis of three emerging topologies for biodiesel production from microalgae was performed using the inherent safety index (ISI) methodology. Selected topologies include biodiesel production via lipid extraction and transesterification, in-situ transesterification, and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The results revealed that the processes are inherently unsafe achieving total inherent safety index scores of 30, 29, and 36. The main risks in the cases were associated with the chemical safety index. Operating conditions represented no risk for topologies 1 and 2, while for topology 3 pressure and temperature were identified as critical variables. In general, topology 2 showed better performance from a safety perspective.

scholarly journals Dichloromethane as an alternative to chloroform in the extraction of single cell oil from Rhodotorula toruloides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ikeda Francisco ◽  
Everson Alves Miranda ◽  
Luisa Pires Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
P Values ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Single Cell Oils

Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) was evaluated as an alternative to chloroform in the extraction of single cell oils from the yeast Rhodotorula toruloides. Dichloromethane was proposed as a potentially more environmentally friendly substitute since it is nearly 15% less expensive and has a toxicity threshold to human health that is approximately 20 times higher if compared to chloroform.A three-factor factorial experiment was designed in order to test the efficacy of the proposed solvent in the extraction process, as well as the volume of solvent and time of extraction, the response variable being the mass fraction of extracted lipids. The results show that all the three variables had a significant and positive effect on the response variable since all p-values were less than 0.005 (99% confidence). Therefore, for this study, the best experimental condition for the extraction was determined to be one with 80 mL of dichloromethane and 24 h of extraction. In general, the results showed that dichloromethane is an alternative to chloroform in lipid extraction from Rhodotorula toruloides, without compromise on extraction efficiency.

scholarly journals Comparison of mentha extracts obtained by different extraction methods

2006 ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Milic ◽  
Zika Lepojevic ◽  
Dusan Adamovic ◽  
Ibrahim Mujic ◽  
Zoran Zekovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Steam Distillation Extraction

The different methods of mentha extraction, such as steam distillation, extraction by methylene chloride (Soxhlet extraction) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by carbon dioxide (CO J were investigated. SFE by CO, was performed at pressure of 100 bar and temperature of40?C. The extraction yield, as well as qualitative and quantitative composition of obtained extracts, determined by GC-MS method, were compared.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Lipid Extraction from Marine Microalga,ScenedesmusAssociated with High-Pressure Homogenization Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Cheol Cho ◽  
Woon-Yong Choi ◽  
Sung-Ho Oh ◽  
Choon-Geun Lee ◽  
Yong-Chang Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
Folch Method ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Conventional Extraction

Marine microalga,Scenedesmussp., which is known to be suitable for biodiesel production because of its high lipid content, was subjected to the conventional Folch method of lipid extraction combined with high-pressure homogenization pretreatment process at 1200 psi and 35°C. Algal lipid yield was about 24.9% through this process, whereas only 19.8% lipid can be obtained by following a conventional lipid extraction procedure using the solvent, chloroform : methanol (2 : 1, v/v). Present approach requires 30 min process time and a moderate working temperature of 35°C as compared to the conventional extraction method which usually requires >5 hrs and 65°C temperature. It was found that this combined extraction process followed second-order reaction kinetics, which means most of the cellular lipids were extracted during initial periods of extraction, mostly within 30 min. In contrast, during the conventional extraction process, the cellular lipids were slowly and continuously extracted for >5 hrs by following first-order kinetics. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy revealed altered texture of algal biomass pretreated with high-pressure homogenization. These results clearly demonstrate that the Folch method coupled with high-pressure homogenization pretreatment can easily destruct the rigid cell walls of microalgae and release the intact lipids, with minimized extraction time and temperature, both of which are essential for maintaining good quality of the lipids for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Optimization of oil extraction process from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Desalegn Abdissa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Maximum Point

Abstract Sewage sludge is one of the most polluting wastes that affect the environment, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants released into the surroundings. Using non-renewable energy for the engine also releases large amounts of pollutants results from combustion products was other issues to the environment. The decline of non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, fossil fuel, and petroleum made the world increase the production of alternative fuels like waste-derived fuels. Recently, biodiesel production developed from edible oil to cover the depilation of non-renewable energy supply. But it has also become a significant challenge for food security. Therefore, finding other potential opportunities for lipid extraction is crucial. Algae and sludge conversion presented by recent studies seem to be a promising method. The paper presents the extraction and optimization of lipids from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production. The procedure of the study was a characterization of algal and sludge wastes, the extraction of the lipid component by Soxhlet extraction, and the parameters optimization for maximum oil yield obtain. Temperature, extraction time, and solvents were the basic factor affect oil extraction yield. In the optimization 80 temperature, 6hrs time and hexane solvent results in 61% oil extraction yield which maximum point. Algae and wastewater sludge high potential of lipid and can be substitute edible oil supplies for biodiesel production.

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