scholarly journals Economic and Technical Modeling of the Lebanese Crypto Currency: Implication for a Digital-Lira (DL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Bassam Hamdar ◽  
Tarek Saad ◽  
Mohammad Hamdar
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
On Demand ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
New Form ◽  
The U.S

Since 1997, the Lebanese pound has been pegged to the U.S dollar at a fixed rate, and at every crisis, people rush to banks to convert their LBP accounts into U.S.D causing a high demand for foreign currencies. Fear and uncertainty finds its way to the market, and the general sentiment often causes various sectors of the economy to be negatively affected. Lebanon is highly dependent on the U.S.D and the LBP had slowly become nothing but a symbol of independence and a heritage that tells the story of “Lebanon”. This paper will examine the century’s most aspiring technology to see how it can be implemented to create a new form of national currencies, and how such a technology can incorporate basic to complex monetary policies in an automated manner to gain value, and have a controlled inflation through a pre-programmed system. This paper will also break down the “Bitcoin” conditions and show how it can be modified to fit a locally produced national crypto-currency for Lebanon that will be referred to as “Digi-Lira”. Finally, this paper will highlight the economic impact of the Digi-Lira on demand, investment, international trade, remittances, the unbanked population, and the banking sector.

Novel Drugs and Biologics of 2016: A Boom for Neurodrugs in the Pipelin

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3809-3814
Author(s):  
D Samba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
The U.S

This article provides a brief overview of novel drugs approved by the U.S. FDA in 2016.  It also focuses on the emerging boom in the development of neurodrugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These new drugs are innovative products that often help advance clinical care worldwide, and in 2016, twenty-two such drugs were approved by the FDA. The list includes the first new drug for disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease, among several others. Notably, nine of twenty-two (40%) were novel CNS drugs, indicating the industry shifting to neurodrugs. Neurodrugs are the top selling pharmaceuticals worldwide, especially in America and Europe. Therapeutic neurodrugs have proven their significance many times in the past few decades, and the CNS drug portfolio represents some of the most valuable agents in the current pipeline. Many neuroproducts are vital or essential medicines in the current therapeutic armamentarium, including dozens of “blockbuster drugs” (drugs with $1 billion sales potential).  These drugs include antidepressants, antimigraine medications, and anti-epilepsy medications. The rise in neurodrugs’ sales is predominantly due to increased diagnoses of CNS conditions. The boom for neuromedicines is evident from the recent rise in investment, production, and introduction of new CNS drugs.  There are many promising neurodrugs still in the pipeline, which are developed based on the validated “mechanism-based” strategy. Overall, disease-modifying neurodrugs that can prevent or cure serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, are in high demand. 

scholarly journals International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment as Innovation Factors of the U.S. Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Tomasz M. Napiórkowski
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The aim of this research is to asses the hypothesis that foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade have had a positive impact on innovation in one of the most significant economies in the world, the United States (U.S.). To do so, the author used annual data from 1995 to 2010 to build a set of econometric models. In each model, 11 in total) the number of patent applications by U.S. residents is regressed on inward FDI stock, exports and imports of the economy as a collective, and in each of the 10 SITC groups separately. Although the topic of FDI is widely covered in the literature, there are still disagreements when it comes to the impact of foreign direct investment on the host economy [McGrattan, 2011]. To partially address this gap, this research approaches the host economy not only as an aggregate, but also as a sum of its components (i.e., SITC groups), which to the knowledge of this author has not yet been done on the innovation-FDI-trade plane, especially for the U.S. Unfortunately, the study suffers from the lack of available data. For example, the number of patents and other used variables is reported in the aggregate and not for each SITC groups (e.g., trade). As a result, our conclusions regarding exports and imports in a specific SITC category (and the total) impact innovation in the U.S. is reported in the aggregate. General notions found in the literature are first shown and discussed. Second, the dynamics of innovation, trade and inward FDI stock in the U.S. are presented. Third, the main portion of the work, i.e. the econometric study, takes place, leading to several policy applications and conclusions.

International trade and the U.S. wage structure

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Mark D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
The U.S

The Comparative Analysis of International Competitiveness on China's Peanut Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Di Chen ◽  
Jie Lv
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Market Share ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Intermediate Input ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
The U.S

This paper examines China's peanut industry's competitiveness under the framework of international trade by appliying comparative statics and emperical method. Specifically, datas including price, market share, competitiveness index and revealed comarative adavantage index are measured in the estimation. The main conclusion is that China's peanut production still has an edge, albeit receding, over that of some other countries like the U.S., India, and Argentina. The authors also augure that in order to improve the competitiveness of the peanut industry, one could facilitate the export practice and exploit the vertical related industries in which raw peanut is intermediate input.

International trade protectionist policies and in-state preferences: A link

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abutabenjeh ◽  
Stephen B. Gordon ◽  
Berhanu Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
State Preference ◽  
Public Policy Instruments ◽  
The U.S

By implementing various forms of preference policies, countries around the world intervene in their economies for their own political and economic purposes. Likewise, twenty-five states in the U.S. have implemented in-state preference policies (NASPO, 2012) to protect and support their own vendors from out-of-state competition to achieve similar purposes. The purpose of this paper is to show the connection between protectionist public policy instruments noted in the international trade literature and the in-state preference policies within the United States. This paper argues that the reasons and the rationales for adopting these preference policies in international trade and the states' contexts are similar. Given the similarity in policy outcomes, the paper further argues that the international trade literature provides an overarching explanation to help understand what states could expect in applying in-state preference policies.

Digital Spectators in Augmented Realities

Sport 2.0 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Miah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
New Form ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Remote Participation ◽  
Viewing Experience

This chapter examines how spectator encounter digital technology in sport, which reveals a blurring of participation and spectating. It also proposes that spectating is changing through the development of digital interactive experiences, such as urban screens, TV on demand, mobile technology, and social media, creating a new form of remote participation. The chapter also asks considers that the concept of spectator no longer makes sense in the context of an immersive viewing experience, where the witness is brought into the space of the activity, rather than simply occupying a third person perspective.

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