scholarly journals A Study on the Construction of Americanism in Mark Twain’s Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Liu Yan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
American History ◽  
British Literature ◽  
American West ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
American Writer ◽  
The 19Th Century

American Writer Mark Twain in his works vividly records social changes caused by the industrialization in the 19th century. His writing could be regarded as a kind of construction of Americanism. He insists on advocating of Puritanism, using the American dialect to tell American stories, displaying the culture in American West and South. He employs humor and irony to combine American history with reality, getting rid of influences of the British literature to illustrate Americanism and the historical process of America.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Mark Twain’s Ecological Narratives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Liu Yan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Ecological Concepts ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Simple Life

American writer Mark Twain has witnessed changes of American environment of the 19th century, which changes his sense of place. Urbanization and industrialization separate human beings from nature, leading to various conflicts. City is always regarded as the symbol of order, reason, crime and degeneration, while nature means freedom and happiness. Twain advocates the return to nature to lead a simple life. He tries to reveal the ecological crisis in the 19th century and express his ecological concepts through redefining “place”, “space” and son on.

Travel Politics Mirroring Anatolia, Asia Minor, and the Greek Islands

2017 ◽  
pp. 235-287
Author(s):  
Onur Kaya
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
American Writer ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

19th century,within the perspective of English and American writers' approach to Turkey and Greek Islands is significant for them about reflecting west's perspective on east.By the means of The Innocents Abroad,which American writer Mark Twain wrote as a result of his trip to Turkey, and A Tour Through Asia Minor and The Greek Islands reflecting Charles Wilkonson's impression on Anatolia and the Greek Islands, the ideological,political portrayal of region from the English and American perspectives in the 19th century will be analyzed.The orientalist theory,space and identiy concepts,socio-economic,historical conditions will be detailed.The perspectives of these western authors on 19th century Turkey and Greek Islands, their positive, negative approaches for the region, Turkish and Greek people,and the meanings these approaches reveal in both works will be emphasized.The study will reveal the way 19th century Turkey, the Greek Islands and people of the region are portrayed by these authors and representation of these lands in the frame of this ideological and political portrayal.

The origins of syncopation in American popular music

Popular Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
David Temperley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
American Popular Music ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fourth Position

AbstractThe origins of syncopation in 20th-century American popular music have been a source of controversy. I offer a new account of this historical process. I distinguish between second-position syncopation, an accent on the second quarter of a half-note or quarter-note unit, and fourth-position syncopation, an accent on the fourth quarter of such a unit. Unlike second-position syncopation, fourth-position syncopation tends to have an anticipatory character. In an earlier study I presented evidence suggesting British roots for second-position syncopation. in contrast, fourth-position syncopation – the focus of the current study – seems to have had no presence in published 19th-century vocal music, British or American. It first appears in notation in ragtime songs and piano music at the very end of the 19th century; it was also used in recordings by African-American singers before it was widely notated.

scholarly journals Redemption, settlement and agriculture in the religious teachings of Hovevei Zion

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mashiach
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Hebrew Scriptures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Hovevei Zion is a collective name for several societies established in Eastern Europe in the 19th century, advocating immigration to the land of Israel, settlement of the land and agricultural work. This article examines the religious approach of several prominent thinkers from among Hovevei Zion and the First Aliya, who shared the perception of farming and settling the land as having religious and even messianic meaning. It was clear to them that the Torah is the foundation of the Jewish people’s existence, however, to this they added another value – work. These thinkers strived to change the identity of the exilic Jew, who was occupied only with spiritual religious life and to reinstate the identity of the biblical Jew, who combined a spiritual and a material religious life. The article examines the approach of Hovevei Zion in light of the general rabbinic approach to redemption, settlement and agriculture and the social changes in 19th century Europe.Contribution: This article contributes to the journal’s multidisciplinary theological perspective, particularly the notion ‘historical thought’, which covers the textual and oral history and hermeneutical studies, narratives and philosophies behind the Abrahamic religions as expressed in the Hebrew Scriptures and the Rabbinic literature.

Religion and the Writing of the Colorado Constitution

1961 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Donald W. Hensel
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
American History ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Catholic Reformation ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
The 19Th Century

Religion has been a potent social force throughout American history. The reverberations of the Protestant Revolt and the Catholic Reformation have been experienced many times in many American communities since the 17th century, in varying degrees of intensity. Colorado, in the last quarter of the 19th century, was typical of this tradition. Colorado had been part of a vast Spanish domain and, therefore, many of its citizens, particularly in the southern half, were both Spanish-speaking and Catholic in faith. On the other hand, a preponderance of the adventurers and fortune-hunters who came after the gold discoveries of 1858 and 1859 and who tended to settle around and north of Denver, were Protestants. This, then, was the religious setting as convention delegates met in Denver in the winter of 1875-1876 to write a constitution for the state.

scholarly journals Development of the settlement system in the Ostrava agglomeration and possibilities of its restructuring

Geografie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Antonín Vaishar
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Black Coal ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mining Regions

Large-scale coal-mining regions were showing specific settlement from the 19th century. The original typical system with towns as centres and their hinterlands was remodelled to a mosaic of coal pits, miner colonies (later housing quarters) and industrial factories interwoven with a dense web of infrastructure. The region of Ostrava is one of examples; here the mining of black coal linked up with the metallurgy of iron, heavy engineering and chemical industry. The region's economic base has experienced a restructuring in connexion with social changes after the year 1989 with individual towns seeking new functions and place in the system of settlement.

scholarly journals 19th-Century Ame­rican Schoolbooks as Primary Sources in Cultural Studies: Their Production and Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320
Author(s):  
Karina Yu. Smetanina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Usa ◽  
19Th Century America ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article focuses on the 19th-century American history schoolbooks as primary sour­ces in historiography and cultural studies. The re­levance of the topic is determined by the fact that historically several regions with different econo­mic, cultu­ral and ideological characteristics existed and deve­loped in the USA. Therefore, broad political powers of the state governments that traditionally made laws in the field of education may give us the reason to assume that the narration of the American history in books produced and used in different parts of the country might have reflected values and beliefs of those particular states.The study was based on the principle of historicism, which let us closely analyze such questions as the authorship, places of schoolbook publishing and areas of their distribution with re­ference to the changing sociocultural realia of the 19th-century America.The following conclusions were drawn. The advent and development of public education as well as the blossom of the printing industry in New England contributed to the fact that in the 1820s there emerged a big group of authors who wrote the most popular American histories. Simultaneously with the growth of the number and influence of publi­shing firms in New York and Philadelphia, the center of the textbook production moved to the Mid-Atlantic Region in the latter half of the century.The United States territorial acquisitions of the 19th century predetermined the mass migration of the American citizens who amongst other possessions carried their children’s textbooks to new places. Due to the fact that the system of public edu­cation was still in its juvenile years and did not enjoy authority among the citizens, school administrations and teachers were not able to make parents buy new schoolbooks from the lists approved by schools, counties, or states, which led to the problem of textbook diversity and to the distribution of the northern books throughout the whole country. Concurrently, high profits in textbook business attracted many people who tried to write and sell as many histories as possible. This resulted in the problem of oversupply of schoolbooks.

scholarly journals New estates and social policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppe in the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
Ulzhan Zhangeldynovna Tuleshova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

In empire-building of the 19th century the Russian power had a priority task that was to build a uniform political and social system across all imperial territory which included absolutely different regions. The Kazakh steppe as a part of the empire represented a cultural type distinctive from the center, based on nomadic lifestyle. In the background of difficult methods of construction of the unified empire, one of important questions was the state policy promoting creation of a socio-political system in the Kazakh steppe which would be most approximate to the empire model. This paper investigates the nature of social changes and process of new estates formation (the nobility and honorable citizens) in the Steppe in the context of administrative, social policy of the Russian government. Social changes on the Kazakh lands began with transformation of the administrative-territorial structure of the region at the beginning of the 19th century. With introduction of new legally fixed form of political management and inclusion of the Kazakh region in the rang system of the empire traditional social order of Kazakhs was transformed, and new estates on an imperial sample as officials, noblemen and honorable citizens began to form. Actually the process of formation and character of these estates among Kazakh nomads differed from social groups of the settled and agricultural people. The symbiosis of traditional nomadic and imperial social features was observed, at that time the imperial government maintained distinctions among the incorporated groups. The important aspect in social transformation of the Kazakh steppe was incorporation of the Kazakh elite in privileged estates (the nobility and honorable citizens) of the Russian Empire. In this connection, the paper represents the process of entry of the Kazakh sultans into nobility of the empire and features of the Kazakh nobility. The paper also considers the process of adaptation of local population to new social transformations. Their study will allow to reveal characteristics of imperial methods in the region and perceptions of the new social system by the Kazakh population, extent of their identification with imperial estates.

scholarly journals Az egyetemi és akadémiai ifjúság politikai szerepvállalása 1830–1880 között

Gerundium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
László Szögi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Language ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Youth Movements ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Political Involvement of the University- and Academic Youth between 1830 and 1880. The institutional network of the higher education in Hungary was very diverse on the turn of the 18th and 19th century and in the first part of the 19th century. In the multi-national and multi-confessional country, 88 institutions provided higher than medium level education. Most of these institutions were related to the historical denomination but besides them several state higher educational institutions existed. We reported about the student movements of these schools in this paper. In the first part of the 19th century the Holy Alliance’s system prohibited the foundation of student movements, although, in most of the institutions, reading circles and literature student associations were formed in which the leaders of the future national movements played an important role. The period of the revolution and the fight for freedom of 1848–1849 was significant regarding the student movements as well, because at most universities the studentry listed their requests aiming not only the reform of student life but the social changes as well. After the defeat of the freedom fight it was not possible to form student associations for ten years. But from the 1860s the battle for the national language of higher education marked the Hungarian youth movements. After the Austro- Hungarian Compromise, the studentry’s activity decreased, although they spoke in some political questions. For example, in 1867–1877, during the time of the Russian-Turkish war, the students in Pest and Cluj- Napoca stood against the Russians and not the Turks. This action produced that the university youth got back 36 valuable medieval codices from the Turks which were stolen in 1526 from the Royal Library in Buda.

scholarly journals Fortidsløse fantaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (127) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Signe Leth Gammelgaard ◽  
Jakob Gaardbo Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Moral Truth ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

The latter half of the 19th century saw a rise in novels focusing directly on the stock-exchange and its various actors. Scholarship on these has naturally zoomed in on the main character of the speculator and on the economic paradigm of speculation and financialization, and to a lesser degree concerned itself with the information circuits of the field. However, these studies almost invariably stay rooted within the national literatures; in this article we address the issue of comparativism within the stock-exchange novel, zeroing in on two rather canonical works, namely Anthony Trollope’s The Way We Live Now, and Émile Zola’s L’Argent. Both novels articulate the impact of information on the stock market and trades and they do so by crystallizing a character with the task of disseminating stories about the company they work for. However, these characters distil not only the strategies of advertising and press-directing, but also a certain moral, truth- and history-management. In the artricle we argue first that these characters function rather as placeholders for a specific set of values than as psychological personalities, and second that they lend themselves to a fruitful comparison between French and British literature and economics of the time, in turn fleshing out Trollope’s versus Zola’s view on the potential of a free press and its powers in the financial sphere.

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