scholarly journals Academic Deans: Perceptions of Effort-Reward Imbalance, Over-Commitment, Hardiness, and Burnout

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Coll ◽  
Spencer G. Niles ◽  
Kathryn A. Coll ◽  
Charles P. Ruch ◽  
Roger A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Academic Deans ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Related Stress

This study explored challenges and stressors facing academic deans within higher education.  The study analyzed, via step-wise multiple regression, the degree to which current challenges and related stress were associated with the well-being measures of effort-reward imbalance and over-commitment as measured by the Effort/Reward Imbalance scale (ERI); hardiness, as measured by the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS); and aspects of burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).  Results indicated that the stress related to certain challenges (e.g., balancing financial resources, creating a clear vision, promoting change) have particularly powerful influences on aspects of work well-being. Implications and recommendations are included.

Long-term patterns of effort-reward imbalance and over-commitment: Investigating occupational well-being and recovery experiences as outcomes

Work & Stress ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Feldt ◽  
Mari Huhtala ◽  
Ulla Kinnunen ◽  
Katriina Hyvönen ◽  
Anne Mäkikangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Recovery Experiences ◽  
Reward Imbalance

scholarly journals ‘Life in the Travelling Circus’: A Study of Loneliness, Work Stress, and Money Issues in Touring Professional Golf

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fry ◽  
Daniel Bloyce
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Latitude ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Professional Golfers ◽  
Health And Well Being

This article examines the effects of globalization on the well-being of migrant professional athletes. Interviews with 20 touring professional golfers reveal that players experience many of the personal problems—such as loneliness, isolation, low decision latitude, low social support, and effort-reward imbalance—which have been identified as “strong predictors of mental ill-health” (Leka & Jain, 2010, p. 65). Feelings of loneliness and isolation developed as players were regularly apart from family and friends, and spent most of their time with other golfers whom they had somewhat superficial relationships with. These feelings coupled with, for many, uncertain income generated through golf added further to their work-related anxieties. Overall, results highlight the importance of considering how workplace anxieties and vulnerabilities impact on athlete migrants’ health and well-being.

The relationship between transformational leadership and effort-reward imbalance

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Ellen Weiß ◽  
Stefan Süß
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individualized Consideration

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and effort-reward imbalance as well as the moderating role of overcommitment and subjective well-being. In particular, the study focuses on the transformational leadership component individualized consideration and its relationship with effort-reward imbalance. Design/methodology/approach – Using linear hierarchical regression analyses, the authors tested four hypotheses on a broad sample of 229 German employees. Findings – The results confirm the expected relationship between transformational leadership and effort-reward imbalance and that the strongest relationship exists with individualized consideration. However, there is no support for the hypothesized moderating effects. Research limitations/implications – First, the recruitment of the sample via fora and periodicals may bias the results. Second, the dependent and the independent variables were assessed with the same method, thus facilitating a common method bias. Third, the study underlies a cross-sectional design which does not allow drawing conclusions on causality. Practical implications – The findings provide implications for leaders by showing that the most effective leadership behaviours are those encompassed by the transformational leadership component individualized consideration when it comes to reducing negative health effects of adverse working conditions. Furthermore, the results suggest that overcommitment plays a major role for employees’ effort-reward imbalance and should thus be addressed by specific training measures. Originality/value – Researchers have devoted little attention to revealing how effort-reward imbalance can be avoided or reduced by leaders. The study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and transformational leadership.

scholarly journals Working Conditions in Primary Care: A Qualitative Interview Study with Physicians in Sweden Informed by the Effort-Reward-Imbalance Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Nilsen ◽  
Hanna Fernemark ◽  
Ida Seing ◽  
Kristina Schildmeijer ◽  
Carin Ericsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Eri Model

Abstract Background: Many problems with primary care physicians’ psychosocial working conditions have been documented. Many studies on working condition have used the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) model, which posits that poor health and well-being may result from imbalances between the level of effort employees perceive that they put into their work and the rewards they receive. The model has not been used in qualitative research or applied to investigate primary care physicians’ working conditions. The aim of this study was to apply the ERI model to explore the perceived efforts and rewards by primary care physicians in Sweden and approaches they take to cope with potential imbalances between these efforts and rewards.Methods: The study has a qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to achieve a heterogeneous sample of primary care physicians who represented a broad spectrum of experiences and perceptions. We recruited 21 physicians; 15 were employed in public health care and 6 by private health care companies.Results: The analysis of the interviews yielded 11 sub-categories: 6 were mapped to the efforts category, 3 were attributed to the rewards category and 2 were approaches to coping with effort/reward imbalances. Many of the statements concerned efforts in the form of high workload, restricted autonomy and administrative work burden. They also perceived resource restrictions, unpredictability of work and high expectations in their role as physicians as efforts. Three reward factors emerged; the physicians found their job to be stimulating and meaningful, and the work climate to be supportive. The physicians coped with imbalances by means of job enrichment and using decisional latitude.Conclusions: This study of primary care physicians suggests a lack of reciprocity in terms of high costs and low gains, providing a plausible explanation for work stress and associated consequences that have been shown in previous primary care research. We found the ERI model to be useful to explore physicians’ primary care work and working conditions and to identify effort and reward factors as well as approaches to managing effort/reward imbalances of relevance for their job satisfaction.

Predictors of Effort–Reward Imbalance Among Employees Providing Three Types of Long-Term Care Services in Japan: Implications for Employee Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482199721
Author(s):  
Ayumi Honda ◽  
Elizabeth B. Fauth ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Sumihisa Honda
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance

The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of effort–reward imbalance (ERI) among employees in multiple long-term care settings in Japan. This cross-sectional study by convenience sampling included 944 participants providing three types of long-term care: home-based ( n = 201), community-based ( n = 128), and institutional ( n = 615). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with self-reported ERI. Low job satisfaction, being a care manager, holding a position of department head, working long hours, and having family-related stress were the common factors associated with ERI in employees across all three types of long-term care setting. Long-term care providers should consider the needs of care recipients and their family, as well as the needs of care employees, maximizing rewards so that turnover can be reduced and the diversity of individual work–family needs can be accommodated across multiple forms of long-term care settings.

scholarly journals Resident Well-Being Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-862
Author(s):  
Anita K. Blanchard ◽  
Jeremy Podczerwinski ◽  
Megham Freytag Twiss ◽  
Candice Norcott ◽  
Royce Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Resident Burnout ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Time Periods

ABSTRACT Background Preliminary studies reveal challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to the well-being of health care workers. Little is known about the effects of the pandemic on the well-being of graduate medical education (GME) residents or about protective factors and post-traumatic growth. Through deeper examination of resident well-being during this unique crisis, we can identify trends and associated lessons to apply broadly to resident well-being. Objective To characterize resident burnout, resilience, and loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods All residents in any specialty at a single institution were anonymously surveyed semiannually for 2 years (2019–2020), including the time period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys included demographics, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Results Overall response rates were 53% (508 of 964) in spring 2019, 55% (538 of 982) in fall 2019, 51% (498 of 984) in spring 2020, and 57% (563 of 985) in fall 2020. The overall rates of burnout were stable across all time periods and did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among frontline residents, burnout rates were higher than other resident populations in both the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic time periods. Resilience and loneliness measures were similar for frontline and non-frontline residents and remained stable during the pandemic. Conclusions Initial data from this single institution survey of all GME residents in the first 8 months of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated burnout and loneliness did not increase and resilience was preserved.

scholarly journals Burnout among Teachers in Higher Education: An Empirical Study of Higher Education Institutions in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Renata Teles ◽  
António Valle ◽  
Susana Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Years Of Service

Burnout is considered by the World Health Organization an extreme response to cumulative and prolonged occupational stress, with teachers being among the professionals most affected by it. This disease influences physical and psychological well-being, negatively affecting the relationship between teachers and students. It also compromises the quality of teaching, thus inducing absenteeism and increasing professional abandonment. Our study examines the degree of incidence of Burnout affecting Professors from the Portuguese Higher Education Institutions. The first study was carried out on a sample of 520 teachers. A proportion of 41 (7.9%) Higher Education Teachers scored high on Burnout. A second phase of the study was conducted to gather data on socio-demographic and socio-professional characteristics of teachers affected by Burnout. The MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and another questionnaire was built for this purpose and were used to collect the study data. The results indicate the majority of teachers affected by Burnout were female (63.4%). Most of them are between 40 and 59 years old (75.6%) and married (68.3%). Overall, 41.5% had 10 to 19 years of service and 39.0% between 20 and 29 years of service. The teachers with an undetermined contract (48.8%) and temporary contract (36.6%) displayed higher levels of Burnout, but the self-employment worker (4.9%) appears in a residual amount. Teachers most affected by Burnout are from Public Polytechnic Institutes (48.8%), followed by Public University teachers (41.5%). Teacher’s Burnout is a serious problem and should be considered by the Higher Education Institutions regarding the development of good teaching practice.

scholarly journals Effort-Reward-Imbalance, Burnout, and Depression Among Psychiatrists 2006 and 2016-Changes After a Legislative Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Beschoner ◽  
Jörn von Wietersheim ◽  
Marc N. Jarczok ◽  
Maxi Braun ◽  
Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

Background: Physicians, especially psychiatrists, have a high risk of job-related stress, and mental impairment. In our study we examined changes in private and occupational stress factors and mental health within a decade. The legislative reduction of physicians' working hours in Germany during this period made it possible to investigate the impact of working hours in particular.Methods: Questionnaires were administered at two psychiatrist meetings (2006 and 2016) about job and family situation, depressiveness, burnout and effort-reward imbalance. A total of N = 1,797 datasets were analyzed.Results: Working hours and free weekends were associated with mental health indices. Correlation analyses showed that a reduction in weekly working hours and working days at weekends was related to reduced scores for effort-reward-imbalance, burnout and depression.Conclusions: Our data show changes in workplace stress and mental health in psychiatrists in a decade in which a reduction in working hours has been required by law. These results can provide indications of effective prevention strategies in the professional context of physicians working in psychiatry.

scholarly journals From Resilience to Burnout in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Emergency: The Role of the Ability to Tolerate Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Di Trani ◽  
Rachele Mariani ◽  
Rosa Ferri ◽  
Daniela De Berardinis ◽  
Maria G. Frigo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 outbreak has placed extraordinary demands upon healthcare systems worldwide. Italy's hospitals have been among the most severely overwhelmed, and as a result, Italian healthcare workers' (HCWs) well-being has been at risk. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between dimensions of burnout and various psychological features among Italian healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 emergency. A group of 267 HCWs from a hospital in the Lazio Region completed self-administered questionnaires online through Google Forms, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Resilience Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IU). Cluster analysis highlighted two opposite burnout risk profiles: low burnout and high-risk burnout. The high-risk group had lower resilience and greater difficulties in tolerating the uncertainty than the low-burnout group. A set of general linear models confirmed that both IU subscales, prospective and inhibition, moderated the relationship between resilience and burnout (specifically in the depersonalization dimension). In conclusion, the results showed that individual levels of resilience and one's ability to tolerate uncertainty have been significant factors in determining the impact of the COVID-19 emergency on HCWs. The use of emotional strategies that allow individuals to stay in a critical situation without the need to control it appears to protect against burnout in these circumstances.

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