scholarly journals Identification Factors Affecting Variation and Change Order of Design-Build Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Phong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Investment Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Change Order ◽  
Variation Management

Variations and change orders are inevitable in the course of implementing a construction investment project. It can appear throughout the project from the design phase to the construction, acceptance, and completion of the project. This change affects more or less the schedule, quality, and cost of the project. On the other hand, variations and changes orders may also cause disputes and conflicts among project stakeholders. In order to overcome this issue, this paper presents critical the factors which need to be addressed and used for change orders in design-build projects in Vietnam. The results showed that written instructions, variation value, and scope of variation are the three most important factors used in the variation management process in design-build projects in Vietnam.

Capital Budgeting and business cycles

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-335
Author(s):  
Edward W. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Interest Rate

Every investment project is aimed at achieving some future goal. This goal can only be attained by employing scarce resources, like time. Every investment project entails foregoing other investment projects. It is impossible to undertake all investment projects simultaneously because resources are scarce. This means each investment project is subject to cost. The investment project may be unsuccessful in achieving the future goal and the entrepreneur may suffer a loss. On the other hand, investment projects are only undertaken because they are perceived as more valuable than their costs. Every investment project undertaken implies the possibility of earning a profit. Investment projects take time. An investment project can be represented by a time line. Time A represents the beginning of the production process. Time B is the end of the production pro-cess. Line AB is called the period of production. Present goods are scarce resources that can be consumed im-mediately. On the other hand, future goods cannot be consumed immediately. Future goods are only expected to be consumer goods at some point in the future. An investment project entails making an investment at time A and receiving a present good at time B. All else equal, present goods are more valuable than future goods.1 Any good at time A is more valuable than the same good at time B. This is called time preference. Money is the present good par excellence. Therefore, future goods can be called future cash flows. All else equal, present money is more valuable than future money. This is called the time value of money. The interest rate is the price of present goods in terms of future goods. The interest rate is the price which equates the amount of present goods provided by savers with the amount of present goods demanded by investors. Like all prices, the interest rate is determined by supply and demand. Savers are suppliers of present goods. The supply curve (S) is the quantity of present goods supplied at each interest rate. Factor owners (investors) are the demanders, or buyers, of present goods. The demand curve (D) is the quantity of present goods demanded at each interest rate. The intersection of the supply and demand curve determines the interest rate. The interest rate is determined by the supply and demand for present goods:2

A dynamic Modelling of Labor Productivity Impacts Arising from Change Orders in Road Projects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghazi Al-Kofahi ◽  
Amirsaman Mahdavian ◽  
Amr Oloufa
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Change Order ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sd Model

It is vital to investigate the system dynamics (SD) between the change orders and labor productivity to identify the causes of the productivity loss of the construction projects. Most productivity loss studies were financed from the contractor’s part and rely on the contractor’s data. This research highlighted the problem of productivity loss resulting from issuance of a change order by utilizing a previously developed SD model. It conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of overtime, overmanning, temperature and learning on the behavior of the SD model quantifying change orders' impact on labor productivity. Based on the results, SD provides more reliable results comparing with the measured mile analysis (MMA) approach for the compensation request, considering the leading factors affecting the productivity loss other than the change order. The model developed in this study can accept or reject the responsibility of a change order for occurrence of productivity loss.

Factors Affecting the Development of Academic Law Libraries in Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
I.E. Aguolu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Typical History ◽  
History Of

This study highlights some factors that have influenced the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria. Inadequacy of local production of legal texts, exorbitant cost of the available texts, and scarcity of foreign exchange, were identified as major constraints. On the other hand, factors which have promoted the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria include the existence and use of published standards for law libraries, accreditation requirement for law faculties, book gifts and loans. Moreover, Nigeria's typical history of political instability and proliferation of states has paradoxically not been a hindrance but a catalyst for the emergence of numerous social and educational institutions including universities and academic law libraries.

Factors affecting the shape of the lactation curve in cattle

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Suitable Technique

SUMMARYThe lactation curve in cattle has been explained by the expression yn = Anbe-cn where yn is the average daily yield in the nth week, and A, b, and c are constants. In general, in a sample of 859 Friesian lactations recorded during 1964–65 daily yield was depressed during the winter months (18·8% in January) and stimulated during the spring (14·7% in May) to an extent which was independent of the stage of lactation. Winter calvers on the other hand tended to produce more in total lactation than spring calvers (14·5% for animals calving in November as opposed to those calving in April).Using a suitable technique it is possible to predict month by month output from a cow, or herd, accurately enough to furnish a basis for forward planning.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Financial Performance Of District/City Local Government Of Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristyan Jeffri Nugroho ◽  
Martianus Budiantara
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Effect

The  research aims to find out factors of financial performance of local goverment regencies or city in Yogyakarta. Independent variabel are wealth of local goverment, dependence with central goverment, and local goverment expenditures. On the other hand the dependent variable is financial performance of local goverment as measured by the efficiency ratio. Population of this research are local goverment financial report (LKPD) of Yogyakarta period 2010-2014 audited by BPK. The sample are estimate realization report (LRA) all regencies or city and the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hypothesis of this research were examined by using multiple regression in SPSS 16 software. Result of this reearch indicate that wealth of local goverment have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Dependence with central goverment have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Then, local goverment expenditures also have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment.   Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota yogyakarta

scholarly journals The Impact of Task-Based Approach on EFL Learner’s Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Dr. Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Task Based Instruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Teaching Instruction

<p><em>The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which task-based instruction affecting EFL learners’ performance. This paper covers the impact of task approach on EFL learners’ performance. It shades light on the relevant literature reviewed and studies on TBLT. At the same time, t</em><em>he speaking skill and s</em><em>peaking sub-skills are introduced as a base for t</em><em>eaching and developing speaking activities. On the other hand, the paper reflects on implementing task-based instruction and the p</em><em>rinciples for implementation by drawing a framework for implementation, and factors affecting implementation of TBI. On the above findings, the researcher recommends that teaching instruction should be given more attention in EFL classes in the light of using task-based approach. Also the researcher suggests that further research is needed to explore more in the effectiveness of task-based programs on EFL learner’s performance as well as its fluency.</em></p>

Microstructural Factors Affecting the Deformation Behavior of Mg12ZnY LPSO-Phase Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1158-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Hagihara ◽  
Akihito Kinoshita ◽  
Yoshihiro Fukusumi ◽  
Michiaki Yamasaki ◽  
Yoshihito Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Basal Slip ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lpso Phase ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Other Hand

Microstructural factors that govern the plastic deformation of the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase were clarified. The decrease in length of the long-axis for the plate-like shape of LPSO-phase grains increases the yield stress of the alloy in which basal slip is predominant in deformation. On the other hand, the yield stress tended to increase as the thickness of the plate-like shapes of the grains decreased for the alloy in which the formation of deformation kinks carried the strain.

scholarly journals Fungi against insects and contrariwise as biological control models

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill A. Elkhateeb ◽  
Kareem M. Mousa ◽  
Marwa O. ELnahas ◽  
Ghoson M. Daba
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Control Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects

Abstract Background Biological control of insects is the current goal of modern researches to avoid using the harmful chemicals. Some fungi are capable of infecting and killing insects and, hence, are commonly known as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). On the other hand, some insects can kill harmful fungal strains using their products such as peptides. Hence, the aim of this review article is to highlight the use of EPF as biocontrol tools against each other. Results EPF are generally characterized by having a wide range of hosts which made them the perfect candidate for biological control missions. They are existing in abundance in the environment and involved in plenty of environmental interactions. They have prestigious enzymatic machinery and toxins that contribute as killing tools. Moreover, after penetrating the insect, the expanded vegetative growth of hyphal bodies enabling the invasion of the fungi throughout the entire tissues of host insect cause physic, histolytic, and pathologic changes ultimately leading to the death of the host insect. On the other hand, some insects can kill harmful fungal strains using their secreted products such as peptides. Conclusion In this review, the use of fungi and insects as biological control agents against each other was described. Furthermore, the history of using EPF for this purpose, their killing mechanism, host range, and the factors affecting EPF virulence were highlighted. Moreover, the role of insect’s immunology and some insect’s products as antifungal agents was presented focusing on peptides with biological activities against fungi. Finally, future prospects concerning the use of insects and fungi in biological control process were discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Compressive Strength of Geopolymers: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Hengels Castillo ◽  
Humberto Collado ◽  
Thomas Droguett ◽  
Sebastián Sánchez ◽  
Mario Vesely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
By Products

Geopolymers are created by mixing a source of aluminosilicates, which can be natural or by-products from other industries, with an alkaline solution. These materials based on by-products from other industries have proven to be a less polluting alternative for concrete production than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymers offer many advantages over OPC, such as excellent mechanical strength, increased durability, thermal resistance, and excellent stability in acidic and alkaline environments. Within these properties, mechanical strength, more specifically compressive strength, is the most important property for analyzing geopolymers as a construction material. For this reason, this study compiled information on the different variables that affect the compressive strength of geopolymers, such as Si/Al ratio, curing temperature and time, type and concentration of alkaline activator, water content, and the effect of impurities. From the information collected, it can be mentioned that geopolymers with Si/Al ratios between 1.5 and 2.0 obtained the highest compressive strengths for the different cases. On the other hand, high moderate temperatures (between 80 and 90 °C) induced higher compressive strengths in geopolymers, because the temperature favors the geopolymerization process. Moreover, longer curing times helped to obtain higher compressive strengths for all the cases analyzed. Furthermore, it was found that the most common practice is the use of sodium hydroxide combined with sodium silicate to obtain geopolymers with good mechanical strength, where the optimum SS/NaOH ratio depends on the source of aluminosilicates to be used. Generally speaking, it was observed that higher water contents lead to a decrease in compressive strength. The presence of calcium was found to be favorable in controlled proportions as it increases the compressive strength of geopolymers, on the other hand, impurities such as heavy metals have a negative effect on the compressive strength of geopolymers.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Diploma of Associate Engineers (DAE) Program Working Under TEVTA in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (II) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Mehwish Gull ◽  
Abid Hussain Ch.
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Job Type ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Other Hand

Present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Diploma of Associate Engineers (DAE) Program working under TEVTA. The population of the study was comprised of all the employees (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical) working in public and private organizations in Punjab. Employees were selected on a convenient basis. Therefore, 143 employees were a sample of the study. A questionnaire for employees was adapted to collect the data. The reliability of the instrument was 0.847. Findings revealed that employees were satisfied with the DAE curriculum, physical facilities, and administrative facilities at their workplace. On the other hand, employees were not very satisfied with their assessment and evaluation systems and social factors affecting their workplaces. A significant mean difference was found in employees perceptions regarding the effectiveness of DAE regarding their locale, job type, and trade. It is recommended that DAE graduates might be trained according to the industry demand rather than conventional knowledge.

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