scholarly journals Authenticity of Classical Arabic and its relation to Aristotelian Logic (In the opinions of some orientalists and Arab scholars)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin ◽  
Siti Sara Binti Hj. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Aristotelian Logic ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Exact Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
Classical Arabic

Classical Arabic was originated in the family of Semitic languages as a result of mixing among the languages of thepeople who lived in the Arabian Peninsula. Nobody knows the exact time of its emergence. We had some knowledgeby some stone monuments and oral histories indicated that some distinct languages were in the south and north of theArabian island. Some of their images remained for us that were sometimes seen in some Arabic dialects later in theaspects of their expression, derivation and synonymous words. The age of this classical Arabic is mentioned byal-Jāḥiẓ in his book: “The Animal”, which is between 150-200 years before Islam.There is no doubt that Arabic Language has evolved through the ages and has become a standard language after itwas audible, especially when it established its linguistic bases to protect its originality and Arab nature from themelody entered from the non-Arabs who accepted Islam, after the mixing among Arab Muslims and the other people.It is true that Arabs had used the Aristotelian logic in the development of their linguistic sciences, but their Arabicwas not affected by the Aristotelian logic and their Arab culture did not lose its originality and nature.

scholarly journals The contradictory duals: The meaning and the term: الثّنائيّات الضّدّيّة: الماهيّة والمصطلح

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd alazaiz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Internal Texture ◽  
The Prestige

The presence of existence on the binaries, was a feature of the main that left nothing but a problem for its features, and literature one of them; we find the diodes have intersected the joints, and formed its internal texture, and showed its purposes and themes in a striking way to the recipient who felt the beauty and beauty of rhythms and images express. Classical Arabic is characterized among all other semiotic languages; It's characteristics ate unique to them which reflected the prestige and ability for expression. Amongst these Fixed characteristics in Arabic language there is the contradictory duals. In this study, I tried to trace the terms "binary" and "contrast": language and language, and the approach between them to arrive at a single integration, forming another term " contradictory duals", and its role in the literary text on the one hand and on the receiver on the other hand.    

scholarly journals Development of Aspect and Tense in Semitic Languages: Typological Considerations

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vit Bubenik
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Event Time ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Morphosyntactic Development ◽  
Classical Arabic

Development of Aspect and Tense in Semitic Languages: Typological ConsiderationsA survey of pertinent literature reveals that many studies of aspect in Semitic languages do not pay a due attention to the crucial theoretical distinction of perfect and perfectivity. In this paper I will adopt the ‘chronogenetic' model of the morphosyntactic development of tense and aspect tested for the Indo-European languages (Hewson & Bubenik 1997) that allows five major aspectual categories to be distinguished (prospective, inceptive, imperfective, perfective, perfect) within ‘Event Time’. I will argue that the appearance in Arabic of the analytic double-finite perfect (of the typekun-tu katab-tu‘I had written’) was the most significant innovation during the New Stage not to be found in the other Central Semitic languages. During the Middle Stage in Mishnaic Hebrew and Middle Aramaic the canonical progressive aspect was paradigmatized while Classical Arabic created its double-finite counterpart (kān-a ya-ktub-u‘he was writing’). The significance of this approach to the study of the universals of tense and aspect will be evaluated.

Middle Eastern Studies in Finland

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Additional Weight ◽  
Middle Eastern Studies ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
Holy City

The tradition of Middle Eastern studies in Finland is long but rather thin. The chair for Oriental Languages (mainly Hebrew and Aramaic) was established at Turku University in 1640, changing its name (Linguarum Orientalium Professio) several times over the years before becoming Semitic Languages. After the great fire destroyed almost the whole city of Turku, the university was relocated to Helsinki in 1828. In the mid-19th century, the chair was held by G.A. Wallin (d. 1852), an explorer of the Arabian Peninsula (and a visitor to the holy city of Mecca) and one of the first scholars, worldwide, to study Arabic dialects. In the latter part of the 19th century, Assyriology became the most flourishing field of Middle Eastern Studies in Finland, several great Assyriologists, such as Knut Tallqvist (d. 1949), holding the chair of Oriental Languages. Though concentrating on Assyriology, Assyriologists also kept alive Arabic philological studies, which gained additional weight in the 1960s when the Assyriologist and Comparative Semitist Jussi Aro (d. 1983) was appointed as professor. He retrained himself as a dialectologist, working with Lebanese dialects. It was only in 1980 that a chair for Arabic Language was established and another dialectologist, Heikki Palva, was appointed to it in 1982. After the retirement of Professor Palva in 1998, the chair was renamed Arabic and Islamic Studies. The chair, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies (IAAS, University of Helsinki), has been held by the present writer, Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, since 2000.

scholarly journals Tolerance of the Quranic Linguistic Approach in Semantic Linguistic Linguistics And the analysis of vocabulary in the context of Paradise

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jaafar Al Ardhi
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Approach

The research examines the keenness of the Qur'anic discourse on the production of a linguistic brotherhood through the employment of one of the non-Semitic languages of the Semitic languages. This view is based on linguistic tolerance and the system of Quranic linguistic policies, in order to show that the existence of such words in the Koranic language did not come from deficiencies in the Arabic language, but came to achieve goals of a universal human nature, namely creating an atmosphere of openness to the other Community through the other language, which achieves a deliberative function on the one hand, and achieves the function of civilizational dialogue and human integration with the societies of these languages taken from the other hand.As for the cultural aspect, it appears that the Quranic discourse places the Arab in front of civilizations and countries surrounding him. He must turn to the discovery and the necessity of competing. On the other hand, the recruitment in the context of Al-Naim creates a Quranic will to call for the urbanization, settlement and stability of the Arab Bedouin man, and his call to think about improving his retirement, clothing and the requirements of his life from food and architecture.

Problems of Marriage and Self Surrender in The Novels of Shashi Deshpande

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dr. Indu Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Shashi Deshpande ◽  
Middle Class People

Marriage is an important thing in the life of a woman. The importance that our society attaches to marriage is reflected in our literature and it is the central concern of Shashi Deshpade’s novels. In our society where girl learns early that she is ‘Paraya Dhan’, and she is her parents’ responsibility till the day she is handed over to her rightful owners. What a girl makes of her life, how she shapes herself as an individual, what profession she takes up is not as important as whom she marries. Marriage is the ultimate goal of a woman’s life. This paper attempts to probe into the problems of marriage through the protagonists of her novels where one enjoys the freedom of marriage and the other accepts the traditional marriage. Shashi Deshpade highlights the problems of marriage faced by middle-class people in finding suitable grooms for their daughters. This problem is well-illustrated through the characters of her novels. Since the girl’s mind over her childhood is tuned that she is another’s property, she tries to attach a lot of importance to it. it is indeed a tragedy that even in the modern age, Indian females echo the same sentiment where it was marriage which mattered most of them but not to the men. It is a beginning of females sacrifices in life that marriage brings to her. Shashi Deshpande encourages her female protagonists to rise in rebellion against the males in the family matters, instead she wants to build a harmonious relationship between man and woman in a mood of compromise and reconciliation.  

On Commutation Properties of the Composition Relation of Convergent and Divergent Permutations (Part I)

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Roman Wituła ◽  
Edyta Hetmaniok ◽  
Damian Słota
Keyword(s):  
Finite Order ◽  
Convergent Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Composition Relation ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract In the paper we present the selected properties of composition relation of the convergent and divergent permutations connected with commutation. We note that a permutation on ℕ is called the convergent permutation if for each convergent series ∑an of real terms, the p-rearranged series ∑ap(n) is also convergent. All the other permutations on ℕ are called the divergent permutations. We have proven, among others, that, for many permutations p on ℕ, the family of divergent permutations q on ℕ commuting with p possesses cardinality of the continuum. For example, the permutations p on ℕ having finite order possess this property. On the other hand, an example of a convergent permutation which commutes only with some convergent permutations is also presented.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

Women-Friendly Policies being adopted by Organizations: An Innovative aspect

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlesha Singh ◽  
Mrinalini Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Workplace Barriers ◽  
Women In The Workforce ◽  
And Gender

Organizations are these days realizing the importance of women in the workforce and to tap that talent, organizations are now-a-days putting extra efforts. Workplaces were designed keeping men in mind and which has been intercepting women from continuing the competitive jobs and career along with the family responsibilities. On the other hand, there are various workplace barriers which are adding to the other problems. Women face several barriers at the workplace like sexual harassment, glass ceiling and gender stereotype.

scholarly journals Shall we quarrel or deal? The argumentation processes of parents and adolescents during family conflicts

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Nieves Correa Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Rodríguez ◽  
Esperanza Ceballos ◽  
Miriam Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Observational Methodology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Harmony ◽  
Conflict Frequency

The polarization of postures in conflicts among parents and adolescents involve a threat for family harmony. Skills for argumentation and perspective taking are required to enable the achievement of satisfactory agreements during the processes of negotiation. The purpose of this paper has been to analyze the skills of parents and adolescents to adopt other perspectives when discussing a conflict by means of observational methodology. The study was carried out with 29 families (constituted by father, mother and an adolescent son or daughter) who were recorded while they argued about a real conflict. Frequency and duration of five levels of perspective-taking were registered (Myself; Reasoned myself; the other like an obstacle; the other adding to me; and us) in the discourse of the family, and also in the different members of the triad, considering their interrelations. The results were showing a moderated level of perspective-taking in family discussions, predominating the levels Reasoned myself, focused on explaining own perspective, and The other like an obstacle, focused on reasons to contest the perspective of the other. In general parents showed more perspective-taking. Particularly the mothers exhibited more sensitivity with her adolescent son or daughter, providing higher levels of perspective-taking and argumentation.

Barricyclin D1—a dimeric ellagitannin with a macrocyclic structure—and accompanying tannins from Barringtonia racemosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yoshikawa ◽  
Lih-Geeng Chen ◽  
Morio Yoshimura ◽  
Yoshiaki Amakura ◽  
Tsutomu Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macrocyclic Structure

Abstract Our examination of high molecular weight polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of Barringtonia racemosa of the family Lecythidaceae uncovered five previously undescribed ellagitannins. One, barringtin M1 (1), among them was a hydrolysable tannin monomer, while remaining four, barringtins D1 (2), D2 (3), D3 (4) and barricyclin D1 (5), were all dimers. Barricyclin D1 had a first macrocyclic structure formed from casuarictin (6) and tellimagrandin I (7), and the other ellagitannins had structures related to 5. Two additional known phenolics, valoneic acid dilactone (8) and schimawalin A (9), were also isolated from the leaves. These results suggested that the leaves of B. racemosa is a natural resource rich in hydrolysable tannin oligomers.

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