scholarly journals Relation between Joint Angles and Muscle Strength : In the Case of Leg Strength

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Nobolu Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Leg Strength

Chronic eccentric exercise: improvements in muscle strength can occur with little demand for oxygen

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. R611-R615 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Lastayo ◽  
T. E. Reich ◽  
M. Urquhart ◽  
H. Hoppeler ◽  
S. L. Lindstedt
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Eccentric Work ◽  
Concentric Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength

Eccentric contractions, the lengthening of muscle while producing force, are a common part of our everyday movements. This study presents a challenge to the accepted notion that eccentric work causes obligatory muscle injury while demonstrating that an increase in muscle strength, via eccentric work, can occur with little demand for oxygen. Nine healthy subjects, ages 18–34, were randomly placed in either an eccentric or a concentric training group. Both groups trained for 6 wk while progressively increasing training frequency and duration. Significant gains in isometric leg strength were seen in the eccentrically trained subjects only. While training, the oxygen consumption required to do the eccentric work was equal to or less than that required to do the concentric work. The results demonstrate that by progressively increasing the eccentric work rate, significant isometric strength gains can be made without muscle injury and with minimal increase in metabolic demand for oxygen. The potential clinical implications of an eccentric training program that uncouples skeletal muscle strength improvements from the demand for oxygen are alluring.

scholarly journals Specific Collagen Peptides in Combination with Resistance Training Improve Body Composition and Regional Muscle Strength in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jendricke ◽  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Hand Grip

The aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise combined with supplementation of specific collagen peptides (SCP) on body composition and muscle strength in premenopausal women. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial 77 premenopausal women completed a 12-week resistance training (3 day/week) and ingested 15 g of SCP or placebo on a daily basis. Changes in body composition were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and muscular strength by isometric strength testing. The treatment group (TG) significantly increased (p < 0.001) their percentage of fat-free mass. Although the control group (CG) also showed a significant (p < 0.01) gain in fat-free mass from pre- to post-training, the increase in the TG was significantly higher in an RMANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). Regarding the change in percentage body fat, a significant decline was observed in both TG (p < 0.001) and CG (p < 0.01), with a significantly higher reduction in the TG (p < 0.05). Subjects receiving 15 g of collagen peptides daily also showed a significantly higher gain in hand-grip strength compared to those performing resistance training only (p < 0.05). In both groups, the gain in leg strength (TG = p < 0.001; CG = p < 0.01) was significant after 12 weeks with a more pronounced effect in the treatment group. In conclusion, resistance training in combination with supplementation of SCP induced a significantly higher increase in fat-free mass and hand-grip strength than resistance training and placebo supplementation. In addition, there was a significantly higher loss in fat mass and a more pronounced increase in leg strength in the treatment group compared to the control group.

scholarly journals The Influence of Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged, Untrained Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4837
Author(s):  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Patrick Jendricke ◽  
Steffen Oesser ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Collagen Peptide

It has been shown that specific collagen peptides combined with resistance training (RT) improves body composition and muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men. The main purpose of this RCT study was to investigate the efficacy of the identical specific collagen peptides combined with RT on body composition and muscle strength in middle-aged, untrained men. Furthermore, in the exploratory part of the study, these results were compared with another group that had received whey protein in addition to the RT. Ninety-seven men completed this study and participated in a 12-week RT program. They ingested 15 g of specific collagen peptides (n = 30; CP-G), placebo (n = 31; P-G), or whey protein (n = 36; WP-G) daily. Changes in fat free mass and fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and isometric leg strength was measured. All participants had significantly (p < 0.01) improved levels in fat free mass (ΔCP-G = 3.42 ± 2.54 kg; ΔP-G = 1.83 ± 2.09 kg; ΔWP-G = 2.27 ± 2.56 kg), fat mass (ΔCP-G = −5.28 ± 3.19 kg; ΔP-G = −3.39 ± 3.13 kg; ΔWP-G = −4.08 ± 2.80 kg) and leg strength (ΔCP-G = 163 ± 189 N; ΔP-G = 100 ± 154 N; ΔWP-G = 120 ± 233 N). The main analysis revealed a statistically significantly higher increase in fat free mass (p = 0.010) and decrease in fat mass (p = 0.023) in the CP-G compared with the P-G. The exploratory analysis showed no statistically significant differences between WP-G and CP-G or P-G, regarding changes of fat free mass and fat mass. In conclusion, specific collagen peptide supplementation combined with RT was associated with a significantly greater increase in fat free mass and a decrease in fat mass compared with placebo. RT combined with whey protein also had a positive impact on body composition, but the respective effects were more pronounced following the specific collagen peptide administration.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Characteristics, Maximal Isokinetic Strength and Selected Handball Power Indicators Are Specific to Playing Positions in Elite Kosovan Handball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6774
Author(s):  
Jeton Havolli ◽  
Abedin Bahtiri ◽  
Tim Kambič ◽  
Kemal Idrizović ◽  
Duško Bjelica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Ball Velocity

Anthropometric characteristics and physical performance are closely related to the game demands of each playing position. This study aimed to first examine the differences between playing positions in anthropometric characteristics and physical performance with special emphasis on the isokinetic strength of elite male handball players, and secondly to examine the correlations of the latter variables with ball velocity. Anthropometric characteristics, maximal isokinetic strength, sprinting and vertical jumping performance, and ball velocity in the set shot and jump shot were obtained from 93 elite handball players (age 22 ± 5 years, height 184 ± 8 cm, and weight 84 ± 14 kg) pre-season. Wing players were shorter compared to other players, and pivots were the heaviest. Wings had the fastest 20 m sprints, and, along with backcourt players, jumped higher, had better maximal knee isometric strength, and achieved the highest ball velocity compared to pivots and goalkeepers, respectively. There were no significant differences between playing positions in unilateral and bilateral maximal leg strength imbalances. Ball velocity was significantly correlated with height, weight, squat jump and maximal torque of extensors and flexors. Our study suggest that shooting success is largely determined by the player’s height, weight, muscle strength and power, while it seems that anthropometric characteristics and physical performance are closely related to the game demands of each playing position.

scholarly journals Strength and Endurance Training in Older Women in Relation to ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D Polymorphisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Cristina Romero-Blanco ◽  
María Jesús Artiga-González ◽  
Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽  
Sara Vila-Maldonado ◽  
José Antonio Casajús ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Ace Polymorphism ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Buccal Swabs ◽  
Arm Strength

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of two genetic polymorphisms, ACTN3 R577X, and ACE I/D, on physical condition in a sample of active older women after a two-year training period. The sample was composed of 300 healthy women over the age of 60 who underwent a two-year training program. Adapted tests from the Senior Fitness Test were used. The genotyping of the polymorphisms was obtained from the participants’ DNA via buccal swabs. The analysis of the ACE polymorphism did not reveal differences between genotypes. The analysis of the R577X polymorphism showed a favorable effect for the ACTN3 XX genotype in tests for leg strength (p: 0.001) after training, compared to the other genotypes, and also in the analysis of the combined effect of the polymorphism (ACE II + ACTN3 RX/XX). The intragroup effect revealed an improvement in arm strength for carriers of the X allele after 24 months of training (p < 0.05). The endurance values significantly worsened in all study groups. Conclusions: The R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 may have an important role in capacities related to muscle strength, providing a beneficial effect for carriers of the X allele.

The Association Between Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Level and Upper Leg Strength in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Results of the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1400-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmee Koeckhoven ◽  
Marike van der Leeden ◽  
Leo D. Roorda ◽  
Natasja M. van Schoor ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

Objective.Vitamin D deficiency, which is common among elderly people, has been linked to muscle weakness. In patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), the association between muscle strength and serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D [25(OH)D] level has not been studied comprehensively. The aim of our study was to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D level and muscle strength in patients with knee OA.Methods.Data of the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis cohort from 319 participants with knee OA were used in a cross-sectional study. Serum 25(OH)D level (nmol/l) was measured by a competitive electrochemiluminescence method. Muscle strength (nm/kg) of the upper leg was measured isokinetically. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to calculate the association between serum 25(OH)D level and muscle strength.Results.Serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with muscle strength (B = 0.036, 95% CI 0.017–0.054, p < 0.001), adjusted for season of blood collection. After adding body mass index (BMI) to the model, this association was no longer significant (B = 0.011, 95% CI −0.007 to 0.029, p = 0.214). Alcohol consumption, number of comorbidities, and sex were subsequently added and changed the model slightly. Without BMI, this model showed a significant association between serum 25(OH)D level and muscle strength (B = 0.029, 95% CI 0.014–0.043, p < 0.001).Conclusion.The observed association between a low serum 25(OH)D level and muscle weakness in patients with knee OA is attenuated by BMI. Further studies are needed to explain the associations among Vitamin D level, muscle strength, and adiposity in patients with knee OA.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Absolute and Relative Values of Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9073
Author(s):  
Wangyang Zhang ◽  
Zijian Zhao ◽  
Xuebin Sun ◽  
Xiaoxia Tian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Leg Strength

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases with age, obesity, low physical activity, and decreased muscle strength. Although many studies have reported on grip strength and MetS, few studies have been conducted on leg strength. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of MetS according to absolute and relative leg strength values in middle-aged and older women. The participants were 1053 women who visited the healthcare center: middle-aged (n = 453) and older (n = 601). MetS was diagnosed using the criteria established by the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the World Health Organization’s Asia Pacific guidelines for waist circumference. For leg strength, knee flexion and extension were performed using isokinetic equipment. Grip strength was measured using a grip dynamometer and classified into quartiles. Analysis of prevalence using logistic regression showed that MetS was present in 21.2% of middle-aged and 39.4% of older women. The lowest relative leg extension increased 2.5 times in the middle-aged and 1.5 times in older women (p < 0.05). However, leg flexion did not have a significant prevalence in either age group. The prevalence of MetS in middle-aged and older women with the lowest relative grip strength increased 1.5 and 1.2 times, respectively. Conversely, the lower the absolute leg extension strength, the lower the MetS prevalence was at 0.520 in middle-aged and 0.566 in older women (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of MetS increased in women with low relative grip and leg strengths. Specifically, the lower the relative leg extension muscle strength, the higher the prevalence of MetS. In addition, the prevalence of MetS increased in the high-frequency alcohol consumption and non-physical activity group.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN SIDE JUMP SPRINT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2 MAKS DAN KEKUATAN OTOT TUNGKAI

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Sastra . ◽  
I Ketut Sudiana, S.Pd. M Kes . ◽  
Gede Doddy Tisna, M.S., S.Or. .
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
School Year ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Leg Muscle

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint terhadap VO2 Maks dan kekuatan otot tunkai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan the non-rendomized control group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 berjumlah 30 orang. VO2 Maks diukur dengan tes MFT dan kekuatan otot tunkai diukur dengan tes leg strength, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan uji-t independent pada taraf signifigansi 95% lebih kecil (α) 0,05 dengan bantuan kompuer program SPSS 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t independent didapatkan hasil: (1) variabel VO2 Maks dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. (2) variabel kekuatan otot tungkai dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Nilai signifikansi hitung lebih kecil dari nilai α (0,05), dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian “pelatihan side jump sprint berpengaruh terhadap VO2 Maks dan kekuatan otot tungkai” diterima. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa; (1) pelatihan side jump sprint berpengaruh terhadap VO2 Maks siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. (2) pelatihan side jump sprint berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan otot tungkai siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Disarankan bagi pelaku olahraga (pembina, pelatih, guru olahraga dan atlet) untuk menggunakan pelatihan side jump sprint sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan VO2 Maks dan kekuatan otot tungkai. Kata Kunci : pelatihan side jump sprint, VO2 Maks, kekuatan otot tungkai This study is aims to determine the effects of side jump sprint training to the VO2 max and leg muscle strength. The research type is a quasi-experimental design with the non-randomized control group pre-test and post-test design. Subject of this research were 30 extracurricular futsal students of SMAN 4 Singaraja 2016/2017 school year. Vo2 max is measured by MFT tests and leg muscle strength measured by leg strength test, then the data were analysed by independent t-test at 95% significance level smaller () of 0.05 with SPSS 16.0 program. Based on the independence t-test results showed: (1) VO2 max variable with 0.000 significant value (2) leg muscle strength with 0.000 significant value. The significant value calculated is less than the value of  (0.05), therefore the hypothesis of this research “ side jump sprint take effects on VO2 max and leg muscle strength” is acceptable. This research can be concluded that: (1) side jump sprint training take effects to VO2 max SMAN 4 Singaraja 2016/2017 school year extracurricular futsal students. These results suggested for sport people (coaches, trainers, teachers, and athletes) to use the side jump sprint training as an alternative to increasing the VO2 max and leg muscle strength. keyword : side jump sprint training, VO2 max, leg muscle strenght

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