scholarly journals Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5supl1) ◽  
pp. 2429-2436
Author(s):  
Bianca Santana de Cecco ◽  
Regina Tose Kemper ◽  
Susy Hermes de Sousa ◽  
Ronaldo Viana Leite-Filho ◽  
Raquel Aparecida Sales da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
Marked Proliferation

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.

scholarly journals Review of methods for the detection of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110035
Author(s):  
Marta Campillo ◽  
Sionagh H. Smith ◽  
David L. Gally ◽  
Tanja Opriessnig
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacterium ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with enteric disease in pigs. Clinical signs include weight loss, diarrhea, and, in some cases, sudden death. The hallmark lesion is the thickening of the intestinal mucosa caused by increased epithelial cell replication, known as proliferative enteropathy. The immune response to L. intracellularis is not well defined, and detection of the infection, especially in the early stages, is still a significant challenge. We review here the main approaches used to identify this important but poorly understood pathogen. Detection of L. intracellularis infection as the cause of clinical disease is confounded by the high prevalence of the pathogen in many countries and that several other pathogens can produce similar clinical signs. A single L. intracellularis–specific ELISA and several amplification assays are available commercially to aid detection and surveillance, although histopathology remains the primary way to reach a conclusive diagnosis. There are major gaps in our understanding of L. intracellularis pathogenesis, especially how the host responds to infection and the factors that drive infection toward different clinical outcomes. Knowledge of pathogenesis will increase the predictive value of antemortem tests to guide appropriate interventions, including identification and treatment of subclinically affected pigs in the early stages of disease, given that this important manifestation reduces pig productivity and contributes to the economic burden of L. intracellularis worldwide.

scholarly journals Pathological conditions of avian coccidiosis in the small scale commercial broiler farms in Dinajpur district

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Md Manik Hossain ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Tareq Mussa ◽  
SM Harunur Rashid ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Avian Coccidiosis

The study was designed to investigate the pathological conditions of avian coccidiosis in the small scale commercial broiler farms at different region in Dinajpur district during July, 2012 to December, 2012. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done and the characteristics clinical signs and gross lesions were recorded. Different organs mainly caecum and other parts of intestine were collected, preserved and processed for histopathological examination. Intestinal content was also examined for detection of oocyst. Total 234 diseased and dead birds (from 50 farms) were examined out of which 20 (8.54%) birds were found to be positive for coccidiosis. The clinical signs of the affected birds were bloody diarrhea, anemia, reduction of feed and water intake, drooping wings. At necropsy, enlargement and discoloration of caecum with numerous hemorrhagic spots, blood mixed and reddish to brown intestinal contents in the intestinal lumen, hemorrhage on the intestinal wall and mucosa were found. Histopathological examination revels distortion of normal architecture of intestine and desquamation of lining epithelia, formation of tissue debris on the intestinal mucosa and necrotic cells infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa, degeneration of epithelial cells, glands and intestinal villi. So, outbreaks of coccidiosis in the commercial poultry flocks in Dinajpur district is lower due to farmers are intensely aware of coccidiosis now and they usually use coccidiostats routinely.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 425-431, December 2016

scholarly journals Equine proliferative enteropathy on a Brazilian farm

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle P. Gabardo ◽  
José P.H. Sato ◽  
Talita P. Resende ◽  
Roberto M.C. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Horse Farm ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Abstract:Lawsonia intracellularis infection on a horse farm in the Midwest region of Brazil is described. Thirty-nine foals a few days to months old from a herd with 300 horses, experienced diarrhea with variable characteristics and intensities, weight loss, hyperemic mucous membranes and dehydration. In foals 3 to 6 months of age, hypoproteinemia associated with submandibular edema were also common. Intestinal fragments of a 7-month-old foal were sent to an animal disease laboratory for diagnosis. The observed macroscopic lesions were hyperemic serosa, thickening of the intestinal wall with a corrugation, thickening of the mucosa folds and reduction of intestinal lumen. Histological analysis of the small and large intestine revealed enterocyte hyperplasia of the crypts associated with diffuse marked decrease in the number of goblet cells and positive L. intracellularis antigen labeling by immunohistochemistry. Three out of 11 animals of the same property were seropositive for L. intracellularis, demonstrating the circulation of the agent throughout the farm, but none were PCR positive in fecal samples. Based on clinical signs and pathological findings, the diagnosis of equine proliferative enteropathy was confirmed.

Phlegmonous gastritis in 2 yearling horses

2022 ◽  
pp. 104063872110650
Author(s):  
Julie B. Engiles ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal ◽  
Mauricio A. Navarro ◽  
Virginia B. Reef ◽  
Susan J. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Mucosal Involvement ◽  
Phlegmonous Gastritis ◽  
History Of

Phlegmonous gastritis was diagnosed in 2 yearling fillies that were presented with a 1-wk history of fever, lethargy, and hypoproteinemia, associated with a previous diagnosis of equine proliferative enteropathy based on clinical signs and PCR assay detection of Lawsonia intracellularis in fecal samples. Abdominal ultrasound revealed enlargement of the stomach and expansion of its submucosal layer with hypoechoic fluid, as well as thickened hypomotile small intestinal segments. Given the poor prognosis and poor response to treatment, both horses were euthanized, one on the day of presentation and the other after 3 wk of intensive medical management including a combination of antimicrobials, analgesics, and intravenous colloids. At autopsy, acute mural gastritis characterized by severe submucosal edema with suppurative inflammation (i.e., phlegmonous gastritis) and necroulcerative enteritis compatible with the necrotizing form of equine proliferative enteropathy were identified in both horses. The gastric inflammation was associated with thrombosis and mixed bacterial populations, including Clostridium perfringens, that were confined to the submucosa without evidence of mucosal involvement; toxin genes compatible with C. perfringens type C were identified in one case. Human phlegmonous gastritis is an uncommon, often-fatal pyogenic infection that is often associated with mucosal injury, bacteremia, or immunocompromise. Our finding of this unusual gastric lesion in 2 horses with similar signalment, clinical disease, and spectrum of postmortem lesions suggests a similar etiopathogenesis that possibly involves local, regional, or distant hematogenous origin, and should be considered a potential complication of gastrointestinal mucosal compromise in horses.

Retrospective analysis of the appendiceal neoplasms: sampling technique may influence neoplasm detection

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-141244
Author(s):  
Gizem Issin ◽  
Fatih Demir ◽  
Hasan Aktug Simsek ◽  
Diren Vuslat Cagatay ◽  
Mahir Tayfur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Appendiceal Neoplasms ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
Distal Section

Background and aimsAppendiceal neoplasms are uncommon entities that are usually determined incidentally during the histopathological examination. Different techniques used for the macroscopic sampling of appendectomy material may affect the determinating neoplasms.Materials and methodsH&E-stained slides of 1280 cases who underwent appendectomy between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively for histopathological features.ResultsNeoplasms were determined in 28 cases (3.09%); 1 lesion was observed in the proximal part of the appendix, 1 covering the entire length from proximal to distal and 26 in the distal part. In the 26 cases that observed in the distal part, the lesion was seen on both sides of the longitudinal section of the distal appendix in 20 cases, while it was seen on only one distal longitudinal section in the remaining 6 cases.ConclusionThe vast majority of appendiceal neoplasms are seen in the distal part of the appendix, and, in some cases, neoplasms might be seen on only one side of the distal section. Sampling only one-half of the distal part of the appendix, where tumours are most often observed, could result in some neoplasms being missed. Therefore, sampling the whole distal part would be more beneficial to determine small diameter tumours that do not create macroscopic findings.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Lawsonia intracellularis Strain E40504, Isolated from a Horse Diagnosed with Equine Proliferative Enteropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita S. Mirajkar ◽  
Molly R. Kelley ◽  
Connie J. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Rna Genes

ABSTRACT Reported herein is the draft genome sequence of equine-origin Lawsonia intracellularis strain E40504, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of equine proliferative enteropathy. The 1.69-Mb draft genome sequence includes 1,380 protein-coding genes and 49 RNA genes, and it lacks a genomic island reported in swine-origin L. intracellularis strain PHE/MN1-00.

scholarly journals Invasive nasal histiocytic sarcoma as a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in a cat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691881117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen M Santifort ◽  
Ben Jurgens ◽  
Guy CM Grinwis ◽  
Ingrid Gielen ◽  
Björn P Meij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Olfactory Neuroblastoma ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Tissue Mass

Case summary A 10-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of neurological signs suggestive of a right-sided forebrain lesion, temporal lobe epilepsy and generalised seizure activity. MRI of the head revealed an expansile soft tissue mass in the caudal nasal passages (both sides but predominantly right-sided) involving the ethmoid bone and extending through the cribriform plate into the cranial vault affecting predominantly the right frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a histiocytic sarcoma. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with clinical signs of temporal lobe epilepsy due to an invasive, histiocytic sarcoma. Histiocytic sarcoma, although rare, should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for soft tissue masses extending through the cribriform plate. Other differential diagnoses are primary nasal neoplasia (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, chondrosarcoma and other types of sarcomas), lymphoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. Temporal lobe epilepsy in cats can be the consequence of primary pathology of temporal lobe structures, or it can be a consequence of pathology with an effect on these structures (eg, mass effect or disruption of interconnecting neuronal pathways).

scholarly journals Negative MRI findings in a case of degenerative myelopathy in a dog : clinical communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
M. Kitagawa ◽  
K. Kanayama ◽  
H. Yamamura ◽  
T. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Degenerative Myelopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

An 11-year-old male Rough collie was submitted with paraparesis, but did not respond to medical treatment. Clinical signs worsened and the dog displayed paralysis, inability to stand and loss of voluntary bladder control, whereupon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. No significant abnormalities were identified from MRI, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid tests or radiography. After MRI, the dog developed dyspnoea and died. Autopsy and subsequent histopathological examination led to a diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy.

scholarly journals Acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Adrien ◽  
Ana Lucia Schild ◽  
Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira ◽  
Letícia Fiss ◽  
Jerônimo L. Ruas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Mild Anemia

This study describes the epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Fifteen out of 70 three-year-old pregnant cows lost weight in the 30-40 days prior to calving. Clinical signs included diarrhea, weakness, mild anemia and jaundice. Dark yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy. Fibrin and clotted blood were adhered to the pericardium and lung, primarily in the diaphragmatic lobes. The liver was enlarged, and the capsular surface was irregular with clear areas and petechiae. At the cut surface, the liver was irregular, firm and edematous, and several hemorrhagic channels could be observed. Areas of fibrosis through the parenchyma and whitish thrombi occluding the great vessels were also observed. The livers of 10 cows that not died were condemned at slaughter for lesions of fasciolosis similar to those observed at necropsy. Microscopically, the liver showed areas of coagulation necrosis, extensive hemorrhages in the streaks or foci and disruption of the parenchyma with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. Fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were also observed. Immature Fasciola hepatica flukes were observed in the parenchyma surrounded by degenerated hepatocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and hemorrhages. The outbreak occurred on a farm located in an area endemic for fasciolosis, although the acute form of the disease is not common in cattle in this region. It is likely that the cows were infected by F. hepatica metacercariae released in the late fall or early spring in the rice stubble where the herd was grazing prior to calving. Although mortality due to fasciolosis in cattle is infrequent, outbreaks can occur and treatments that are effective in both the immature and adult forms of the parasite should be administered to prevent economic losses.

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