scholarly journals Does elevated CO2 affect the biological aspects of Liriomyza sativae in melon plants?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2151-2162
Author(s):  
Jéssica de Oliveira Santos ◽  
◽  
Francislene Angelotti ◽  
Tiago Cardoso da Costa-Lima ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Liriomyza Sativae ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Impact

An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) in the atmosphere has occurred in recent years, influencing the different biological aspects of herbivorous insects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 increase on the biological aspects of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard leafminer in melon plants. For this, two experiments were carried out: (i) to evaluate the effect of melon plants grown in CO2-enriched environments on the immature developmental stages of L. sativae and L. sativae adult longevity, and (ii) to verify the impact of increased CO2 concentration on L. sativae adult survival, feeding punctures, and oviposition. The experiments were carried out in growth chambers maintained in the temperature regime of 20-26-33 °C (simulating the minimum, average, and maximum daily temperature) and under two CO2 concentrations (400 ppm and 770 ppm). The immature stages and the egg-adult period of L. sativae were longer when they developed on plants grown in high CO2 levels (770 ppm), but no difference in adult longevity was observed. The viability of the immature phases was not different between the two CO2 concentrations. Furthermore, there was no difference in the number of eggs and feeding punctures between treatments. Thus, the increase in CO2 concentration prolongs the duration of the immature stages of L. sativae; however, it does not affect their viability. Adult survival, fertility, and feeding punctures were also unmodified by the environment enriched with CO2.

scholarly journals Effects of Climatic Conditions, Season and Environmental Factors on CO2 Concentrations in Naturally Ventilated Primary Schools in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4139
Author(s):  
Muriel Diaz ◽  
Mario Cools ◽  
Maureen Trebilcock ◽  
Beatriz Piderit-Moreno ◽  
Shady Attia
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Between the ages of 6 and 18, children spend between 30 and 42 h a week at school, mostly indoors, where indoor environmental quality is usually deficient and does not favor learning. The difficulty of delivering indoor air quality (IAQ) in learning facilities is related to high occupancy rates and low interaction levels with windows. In non-industrialized countries, as in the cases presented, most classrooms have no mechanical ventilation, due to energy poverty and lack of normative requirements. This fact heavily impacts the indoor air quality and students’ learning outcomes. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors that determine acceptable CO2 concentrations. Therefore, it studies air quality in free-running and naturally ventilated primary schools in Chile, aiming to identify the impact of contextual, occupant, and building design factors, using CO2 concentration as a proxy for IAQ. The monitoring of CO2, temperature, and humidity revealed that indoor air CO2 concentration is above 1400 ppm most of the time, with peaks of 5000 ppm during the day, especially in winter. The statistical analysis indicates that CO2 is dependent on climate, seasonality, and indoor temperature, while it is independent of outside temperature in heated classrooms. The odds of having acceptable concentrations of CO2 are bigger when indoor temperatures are high, and there is a need to ventilate for cooling.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Concentrations and Water Stress Affect the Ability of Italian Ryegrass to Remediate Herbicides and Enhance its Allelopathic Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. SILVEIRA ◽  
A.R. FEIJÓ ◽  
C. BENETTI ◽  
J.P. REFATTI ◽  
M.V. FIPKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Temporal Persistence ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: The long temporal persistence of select herbicides negatively impacts crops sown in succession to irrigated rice. One way to reduce these compounds in the soil over time is through phytoremediation. However, elevated CO2 concentrations may interfere with the phytoremediation process. Another consequence of climate change is the production of allelopathic compounds by forage species used as remedial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of elevated CO2 concentration and drought stress on the remediation of soil samples contaminated with imazapyr + imazapic herbicides by Italian ryegrass and any subsequential affect on the allelopathic effect of this species. We report that the increasing CO2 decreased the phytoremediation potential of ryegrass. Water stress combined with a CO2 concentration of 700 µmol mol-1 caused increased allelopathy. Overall, these are the first data to indicate a significant effect of higher CO2 levels with respect to both phytoremediation efficacy and allelopathic potential of the plant species used in phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Lethal and sub-lethal effects of low-temperature exposures on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) adults before and after overwintering

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Scaccini ◽  
Luka Vanishvili ◽  
Paola Tirello ◽  
Vaughn M. Walton ◽  
Carlo Duso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Nutrient Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cold winter temperatures can influence insects’ survival in temperate zones. Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) overwinters as adults in natural and human-made structures. In this study, we characterized low temperature mortality rates of H. halys adults that were either entering (ENA) or exiting (EXA) overwintering microhabitats. We considered the effect of different duration of cold exposure on mortality. We determined the impact of insect nutritional status and weight on cold tolerance. We additionally evaluated the effects of cold exposure on H. halys adult longevity and fecundity. Mortality of ENA and EXA adults was determined for 6 h and 2 h periods at − 2.5 °C and 2.5 °C respectively. EXA adults displayed higher mortality rates compared to ENA individuals at the low-temperature regimes. Halyomorpha halys adult survival rate was higher when their nutrient index (EXA individuals only) and weight were high. Low-temperature exposure increased longevity, but reduced fecundity of ENA females. The data further highlight how extreme spring frost events can result in significantly increased mortality levels of H. halys adults.

scholarly journals Infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv.viticola under temperature increase and carbon dioxide concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Jaime Luiz Albuquerque Conceição ◽  
FRANCISLENE ANGELOTTI ◽  
Ana Rosa Peixoto ◽  
Raquel Ghini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Impact

The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the impact of increased temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on infection of Xanthomonas campestris pv viticola, the causal agent of bacterial canker in Vine seedlings. It proceeded the evaluation of the following epidemiological components: incubation period (PI), severity (SEV) and using that data were calculated the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). It used grape seedlings (Italia, Crimson Seedless, Sugraone and Selection 8) inoculated with bacterial suspension (108 CFU mL-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial arrangement 4x4 (cultivar x temperature) and 4x2 (cultivar x carbon dioxide concentration) which was carried out twice. The data were subjected to variance analysis. Increasing temperature reduced bacterium’s incubation period with significant differences between genotypes. For Selection 8 and Crimson temperature increase caused enhancement on severity and AUDPC. For Seleção 8 the incubation period (PI) was extended from 7.93 to 30.18 days when the concentration changed from 390 to 770 µmol/mol. The increased CO2 concentration reduced AACPSD and SEV for Sugraone and Selection 8. The results show that the temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of the air may have different effects on bacterial canker of grapevine.

Ability of Delphastus catalinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), to Survive Mild Winters

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
Jesusa C. Legaspi
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
The Impact

Delphastus catalinae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a predator of whiteflies and is sold by commercial insectaries to help manage Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). This beetle is tropical in origin, but feral populations in the USA are known to persist in southern California and in central and southern Florida. Field populations of D. catalinae are not known to occur in northern Florida, GA, or South Carolina, and there has not been any report of field releases in these areas. A study was conducted to determine the ability of D. catalinae to survive in regions with mild winters where B. tabaci survives year-round, such as coastal South Carolina and northern Florida. Delphastus catalinae was sampled in field cages from December to April in 2002–2004. Only a few individuals were collected at the end of each winter. In the laboratory, at a constant temperature of 15°C, adult survival was up to 9 months (269 d), whereas survival was up to 16 d at 5°C. Without food, adult longevity was decreased by about 90%. A sample of the population from a laboratory test indicated that old females (at least 242 d) produced viable eggs. Eggs held at 5°C did not hatch, whereas 48% of those held at 15°C hatched. Conversely, 98% of eggs held at 25°C hatched. At 15°C, none of the larvae survived to the pupal stage, whereas at 25°C, 86% of the larvae survived to the adult stage. Winter temperatures near freezing may result in excessive D. catalinae mortality and few or no survivals at the end of the winter. These results help define the impact of long-term low temperatures on the northern geographical limit of D. catalinae and will aid in whitefly management decisions regarding this predator.

Research note: Increasing Amb a 1 content in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen as a function of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D. Singer ◽  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
David A. Frenz ◽  
Dennis E. Gebhard ◽  
James G. Straka
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Amb A 1 ◽  
The Impact

Although the impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen has been examined in both indoor and outdoor experiments, the relationship between allergen expression and [CO2] is not known. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify Amb a 1, ragweed’s major allergen, in protein extracted from pollen of A. artemisiifolia grown at different [CO2] values in a previous experiment. The concentrations used approximated atmospheric pre-industrial conditions (i.e. at the end of the 19th century), current conditions, and the CO2 concentration projected for the middle of the 21st century (280, 370 and 600 μmol mol–1 CO2, respectively). Although total pollen protein remained unchanged, significant increases in Amb a 1 allergen were observed between pre-industrial and projected future [CO2] and between current and projected future [CO2] (1.8 and 1.6 times, respectively). These data suggest that recent and projected increases in [CO2] could directly increase the allergenicity of ragweed pollen and consequently the prevalence and / or severity of seasonal allergic disease. However, genetic and abiotic factors governing allergen expression will need to be better established to fully understand these data and their implications for public health.

scholarly journals Elevated field atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect the characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Bologna) grains

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Verrillo ◽  
Franz-Werner Badeck ◽  
Valeria Terzi ◽  
Fulvia Rizza ◽  
Letizia Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), as expected over coming decades, on yield and quality of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (cv. Bologna) were grown by using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system at Fiorenzuola d’Arda under ambient (control) and elevated (570 ppm, e[CO2]) CO2 concentrations for two growing seasons. We addressed whether there would be a response of wheat grains to elevated CO2 concentration in terms of the contents of nitrogen (N), micro- and macronutrients, proteins and free amino acids. Under e[CO2], total wheat biomass and grain yield increased in both years of the study. Grain N percentage was reduced under e[CO2], but grain N yield (kg ha–1) was increased. Among macro- and micronutrients, a decrease in zinc concentration was observed. The proteome pattern was significantly different in grains grown at the two different CO2 levels, but the observed changes were highly dependent on interactions with prevailing environmental conditions. Finally, a negative trend was observed in the early germination rates of seeds from plants grown under e[CO2] compared with the controls. The results suggest that the expected increase in CO2 levels and their interactive effects with environmental variables may influence agronomic performance by increasing yield and negatively affecting quality.

Relationship of Net Photosynthesis to Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Leaf Characteristics in Selected Peanut (Arachis) Genotypes1

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Bhagsari ◽  
R. H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Diffusive Resistance

Abstract Five genotypes, including two cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. and three wild species of Arachis, were tested for their photosynthetic capacity at atmospheric CO2 concentrations and for photorespiration in CO2-free air. Photosynthetic response to CO2 concentrations in the range of 50 to 600 ppm was also tested. Diffusive resistance (DRH2O) of the adaxial surface of the five genotypes was measured with a diffusive resistance porometer. Several other leaf characteristics related to CO2 exchange were measured. There was a linear increase in net photosynthesis (Pn) for four of the five genotypes as CO2 concentration was increased from 50 to 600 ppm. The increase in Pn of an A. hypogaea genotype from Tanganyika appeared to be progressively less at CO2 concentrations near 600 ppm. The florunner cultivar of A. hppogaea had the highest Pn at CO2 concentrations of 300 ppm and above; A. pintoi had the lowest. Photorespiration as measured by CO2 evolution into CO2-free air averaged about 4 mg CO2 dm -2 hr -1 and did not differ among genotypes. Dark respiration was higher in leaves of wild species than in the two genotypes of A. hypogaea. Diffusive resistance of A. hypogaea, A. pintoi and A. sp. (glabrata?) leaves remained constant from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. EST and then increased up to the last measurement at 10 p.m. The DRH2O of A. hypogaea and A. pintoi were similar during the daytime and ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 sec cm -1 between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. A. villosulicarpa and A. sp. (glabrata?) had higher DRH2O values during the same time period, ranging from 5 to 12 sec cm-1. At 10 p.m. DRH2O of A. hypogaea was 84 sec cm-1 compared to only about 20 sec cm-1 for A. pintoi. Net photosynthesis of leaves of the five Arachis genotypes was not closely related to DRH2O nor leaf characteristics including chlorophyll content, stomatal frequency, leaf nitrogen content or specific leaf weight.

Developing Effective Dispositions for Teaching Music

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-344
Author(s):  
Michael Raiber
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Teacher Dispositions ◽  
Teacher Concerns ◽  
Teaching Music ◽  
The Impact

The impact of teacher dispositions on the professional development of preservice music teachers (PMTs) has been substantiated. This chapter describes an approach to dispositional development within the structure of an introduction to music education course. A teacher concerns model is used to organize this systematic approach through three developmental stages that include self-concerns, teaching task concerns, and student learning concerns. A series of 11 critical questions are presented for use in guiding PMTs’ dispositional development through these developmental stages. Activities to engage PMTs in the exploration of each of these questions are detailed for use by music teacher educators desiring to engage PMTs in dispositional development.

scholarly journals Comparative demography of the exotic Harmonia axyridis with other aphidophagous coccinellids reared on artificial diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Milléo ◽  
Francisco Sales Fernandes ◽  
Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Comparative Demography ◽  
Biological Aspects

The objective of this work was to compare biological aspects and life table parameters of the coccinellids Harmonia axyridis, Cycloneda sanguineaand Hippodamia convergens. Insects were fed eggs of Anagasta kuehniella, and reared at 24.5±1ºC, 70±10% relative humidity, with a 12 hour photophase. Hippodamia convergenstook about 1.6 day to complete development, longer than H. axyridis, and 2.4 day longer than C. sanguinea.At immature stages, H. axyridisexhibited the highest survival percentage (49.2%), in comparison to the other coccinellids. For mean adult longevity, H. convergenswas deficient, in comparison with the other species. Mean period of pre oviposition was the longest in C. sanguinea; the longest oviposition time occurred for H. axyridis; and the post oviposition period was similar between the coccinellids. Considering the reproductive parameters, H. axyridisshowed the best performance in all aspects. For life table, the values of H. convergenswere higher than, although close, to those of H. axyridis. Nevertheless, the high net reproductive rate of H. axyridis showed this species potential to increase population size. The biological characteristics of the exotic H. axyridis favors its invasion and establishment in Brazil, corroborating results noticed in other countries.

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