scholarly journals Effect of replacement of forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage in diets for dairy heifers

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Fausto Expedito de Queiroz ◽  
◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Average Body

This trial aimed to analyze the replacement of forage sorghum silage (FS silage) with biomass sorghum silage (BRS 716 silage) in diets for heifers ¾ Holstein x ¼ Zebu on their nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial production, feeding behavior, and animal performance. Eight heifers with average age 18±4 months (mo) and average body weight (BW) 271 ± 57 kg were used. The experimental design was double-Latin square, 4×4, being four diets, four experimental periods and four animals. Four experimental diets with 0, 33, 67 and 100% substitution of forage sorghum silage with biomass sorghum silage were used. The roughage:concentrate ratio in the total dry matter (DM) of the diets was 75:25. The fraction “b” of DM was higher in the BRS 716 silage. There was no difference (p> 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI; p = 0.45) and total digestible nutrients intake (p = 0.76). The dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly with the inclusion of BRS 716 silage. The feeding times, ruminating and idle have not been changed (p > 0.05). The replacement of FS silage with BRS 716 silage did not modify the average daily weight gain (ADG; p > 0.05; mean 1.30 ± 0.025 kg). Biomass sorghum silage can replace up to 100% forage sorghum silage in the diets of ¾ Holstein x ¼ Zebu heifers.

scholarly journals Mineral supplementation of dairy heifers in Marandu-Grass pasture in spring and summer seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto de Almeida Targino ALCOFORADO ◽  
Aianne Batista LIRA ◽  
Carla Giselly de SOUZA ◽  
Edson Mauro dos SANTOS ◽  
Safira Valença BISPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Here in this study we assessed dairy heifers kept in tropical grasslands during spring and summer seasons to observe the effects of two supplementation strategies upon their performance. Sixteen dairy heifers (Holstein 5/8 x Gyr 3/4) with 135.25 kg of body mass were randomly assigned in two supplementation treatments (e.g., mineral salt and protein salt supplement) during spring and summer seasons, divided into two groups of eight animals that represented 4.29 animal unit ha. Initial and final fasted weights (i.e., feed and water withheld for 16h) were obtained before to start and at the end of each grazing cycle (28 days), and then the weight gain (kg animal-1) per grazing cycle was calculated by the difference between final and initial weights. There was no significant effect (P <0.05) on the intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter digestibility, between treatments (P <0.05). However, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between seasons; e.g., respective means of dry matter intake (kg day-1,% BW g / kg 0.75), intake of crude protein (g day-1 g / kg 0.75), ether extract (g day-1), neutral detergent fiber (g day-1 and% BW) were 3.95 and 2.88 kg, 2.54 and 1.65%, 89.27 and 59.56 g kg0.75, 429.89 and 298.43 g day-1, 9.72 and 6.18 g kg0.75, 118.79 and 84.07 g day-1, 2.90 and 2.05 kg day-1, 1.86 and 1.18%, for Spring and Summer seasons. Moreover, the dry matter intake (% BW and g kg 0.75 of DM) were higher (P < 0.05) during the spring season (e.g., 2.53 vs 1.64 % BW; and 89.26 vs 59.56 g kg0.75 DM).

scholarly journals The quality of silage of different sorghum genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Florence Taciana Veriato ◽  
Luciana Oliva Barbosa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Silage

The objective was to select from among 24 sorghum genotypes the superior ones for silage production. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, in the municipality of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State. It used 24 forage sorghum genotypes, 21 being hybrids from the crossing of grain sorghum females and forage males (12F38019, 12F38006, 12F40006, 12F40005, 12F40019, 12F37016, 12F37005, 12F37043, 12F39006, 12F39005, 12F39019, 12F38005, 12F38007, 12F37007, 12F39007, 12F40007, 12F38014, 12F37014, 12F39014, 12F40014 e 12F38009) and three witnesses: BRS 610, BRS 655 and Volumax. It estimated productivity per area, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and assessed the bromatological and fermentation characteristics of sorghum silage. In vitro dry matter digestibility, unavailable protein in neutral detergent, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin differed as to the genotypes tested. The pH and the ammoniacal nitrogen of the silage also showed differences between genotypes. Most of the genotypes tested are favorable for silage production, except the hybrid with higher lignin content 12F370014, and the hybrids 12F37007 and 12F370014, which showed the highest NDFap values. 

scholarly journals Use of indigestible markers to estimate the apparent dry matter digestibility of diets containing a cocoa by-product

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mércia Regina Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Eloisa de Oliveira Simões Saliba ◽  
Geraldo Sérgio Senra Carneiro Barbosa ◽  
Filipe Aguiar e Silva ◽  
Andressa Nathalie Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Internal Markers

Fecal production and apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) were evaluated using external markers (chromium oxide; titanium dioxide; isolated, purified, and enriched lignin (LIPE®); and isolated, purified, and enriched lignin nanoparticles (NANOLIPE®) and internal markers (indigestible DM (IDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF), and indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) in diets based on Tifton 85 bermuda grass (Cynodon sp.) hay containing different concentrations of a cocoa by-product. Sixteen crossbred (Holstein × Zebu) dairy heifers with a mean live weight of 363.00 ± 27.70 kg were evaluated and distributed in a completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement. The plots corresponded to the diets, which differed in the substitution of bermuda grass hay with different concentrations (0, 8, 16, and 24% of DM) of the cocoa by-product, whereas the splitplots represented the indigestible markers. Chromic oxide, LIPE®, NANOLIPE®, and INDF accurately estimated ADMD and fecal production whereas titanium dioxide, IDM, and IADF did not accurately estimate these parameters.

scholarly journals Substituting corn grain for passion fruit peels in feed for confined sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Dirceu PAZDIORA ◽  
Bruna Rafaela Caetano Nunes PAZDIORA ◽  
Edicarlos Oliveira QUEIROZ ◽  
Talita Oliveira MENDONÇA ◽  
Fernanda dos Santos CÂNDIDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate diets substituting corn grain with passion fruit peels on the consumption, ingestive behavior, digestibility of diets and sheep performance. A total of 20 sheep were used, confined in individual pens, fed twice a day, with diets which included passion fruit peels in the proportions of 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% replacing corn grain. The corn grain represented 70% of the dry matter of the diet and the passion fruit peels were supplied in dehydrated form. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis at the significance level of 5%. There was a linear increase in dry matter consumption with an increase of 3.89 g for each inclusion level of passion fruit peel. The apparent digestibility of dry matter decreased and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly with the substitution of corn grain with passion fruit peels. The feeding, rumination, leisure and water intake times presented averages of 3.74; 2.92; 16.92 and 0.42 hours, and were not influenced by the diets (P>0.05). The average daily weight gain was similar for the animals in the different diets and consequently the final weight presented average values of 0.226 kg day-1 and 32.1 kg, respectively. The inclusion of passion fruit peels in the sheep diet is an interesting alternative because even with the reduced dry matter digestibility, it increased the consumption and promoted similar weight gains.

scholarly journals Productive response of creole lambs fed integral diets with Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. pods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Herrera-Pérez ◽  
Ulises Carbajal-Márquez ◽  
Nicolás Torres-Salado ◽  
Paulino Sánchez-Santillán ◽  
Omar Ramírez-Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
The Tropics

Objective: To evaluate the productive variables and the digestibility of the nutrients of an integral diet for lambs with increasing inclusion of Samanea saman pods. Design/methodology/approach: 24 creole lambs (initial weight of 20.6 ± 0.3 kg) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design were used. The treatments were: T1, 0%, T2, 12.5%, and T3, 25% of Samanea saman pod inclusion. The productive variables and the digestibility of the nutrients were evaluated and compared with the Tukey test (? = 0.05); meanwhile, the response to the increasing content of Samanea saman was evaluated by orthogonal contrasts. The variables dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) showed no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. Results: Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) increased (p <0.05) linearly, with increasing pod content. The digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber (DNDF) and acid (DADF) decreased (p < 0.05) linearly as the inclusion of Samanea saman pod increased in the diets. Limitations on study/implications: The substitution of soybean pulp by Samanea saman pod in integral diets does not affect the productive response of fattening lambs. Findings/conclusions: The use of S. saman pod is proposed as a regionally available food alternative in the feeding of ruminants in the tropics.

scholarly journals Effect of crude propolis on the performance and feed digestibility of new zealand white rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52593
Author(s):  
Paola Cristina de Piza ◽  
Bruna Leonel Moreira ◽  
Nhayandra Chistina Dias Silva ◽  
Pedro Ivo Sodré ◽  
Leonardo da Silva Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and digestibility of diets containing different levels of crude propolis for growing rabbits. Forty-eight New Zealand White rabbits, 43 days old, of both genders, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. There were four diets with different inclusion levels of crude propolis (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%). There was no statistical difference for performance regarding the inclusion levels of crude propolis (p = 0.85), as well as for the variables dry matter consumption, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p ≥ 0.07). Crude protein consumption showed a statistical difference in relation to gender (p = 0.04): males showed higher consumption. However, final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed efficiency were not influenced by the addition of crude propolis (p ≥ 0.37). Dry matter digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not influenced by the inclusion levels of crude propolis in the diets (p ≥ 0.12). This study indicates that the inclusion of raw propolis up to 1.5% in the diets does not affect the performance parameters of rabbits.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

PSX-B-10 Effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration and forage inclusion rate on ruminal pH, reticular motility, and total tract permeability for finishing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 457-458
Author(s):  
Murillo C Pereira ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Joyce Van Donkersgoed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Contraction Duration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Permeability

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration and forage inclusion (FI) rate on dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal pH, reticular contractions, and gastrointestinal permeability for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated Hereford′Simmental heifers (699±69.1 kg) were used in an incomplete 6×6 Latin square (26-d periods) with a 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement. Barley grain-based diets were formulated using barley silage or wheat straw to provide low or high uNDF (7.1 vs. 8.5% DM) with forage proportions of 5, 10, or 15% of dietary DM. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.10) and eating time (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by uNDF, FI, or uNDF′FI. With low uNDF diets, increasing FI numerically (P = 0.02) increased rumination time (min/d); while, with high uNDF diets, rumination time increased with 5 to 10% FI, but not thereafter (P = 0.03). Mean ruminal pH was not affected by uNDF (6.17 vs. 6.19; P = 0.08), but increased with increasing FI (6.04b, 6.23a, and 6.28a; P = 0.02). Duration of ruminal pH &lt; 5.5 was not affected by uNDF but tended (P = 0.07) to be reduced with increasing FI. High uNDF diet tended to increase the frequency of reticular contractions (1.43 vs. 1.51 contractions/min; P = 0.07) but decreased the contraction duration (13.2 vs. 14.1 sec; P = 0.04). Increasing FI increased contraction frequency (1.39b, 1.50a, and 1.53a contractions/min; P = 0.03) and tended to reduce contraction duration as forage increased from 5 to 10 and 15% (14.3, 13.1, and 13.6 sec; P = 0.07). Feeding high uNDF decreased (P = 0.05) permeability of the gastrointestinal tract based on the appearance of Cr-EDTA in urine following an intra-ruminal dose. Increasing FI tended to reduce gastrointestinal tract permeability (P = 0.06). Limited interactions indicate that uNDF and FI act independently suggesting that increasing dietary uNDF, without increasing FI rate, can stimulate frequency of reticulo-ruminal contractions and reduce gastrointestinal permeability for finishing cattle.

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