scholarly journals Maize yield projections under different climate change scenarios in different districts of Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
NAVNEET KAUR ◽  
PRABHJYOT KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Sres Scenarios

The study aimed to find out possible changes in climatic data (temperature and rainfall) from the regional climate model viz. PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies)under different SRES scenarios (A1B, A2 and B2 scenario) by the mid (2021-2050) and end (2071-2100) century at six locations of Punjab representing different agroclimatic zones and to study their impact on maize yield using the crop growth simulation model.The results revealed that the different zones of the state are expected to bewarmer during the mid century and this trend has been projected to continue by the end of century because of increase in maximum and minimum temperature at all the locations.The CERES-Maize simulated significant decrease in duration and grain yield of maize crop under projected climate scenarios. The reduction in the crop duration and grain yield was found to be more under the A1B and A2 scenario (high emission scenario) followed by B2 scenario (low emission scenario)due to adverse effects on crop physiology.

scholarly journals Future Thermal Assessment for the Phenological Development of Potato [Solanum tuberosum (L.)] in Cuba

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alexis Augusto Hernández-Mansilla ◽  
Francisco Estrada-Porrúa ◽  
Oscar Calderón-Bustamante ◽  
Graciela Lucía Binimelis de Raga
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Thermal Index ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Biological Development

Current changes in climate conditions due to global warming affect the phenological behavior of economically important cultivable plant species, with consequences for the food security of many countries, particularly in small vulnerable islands. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal viability of Solanum tuberosum (L.) through the behavior of the Thermal Index of Biological Development (ITDB) of two cultivation areas in Cuba under different climate change scenarios. For the analysis, we elaborated bioclimatic scenarios by calculating the ITDB through a grounded and parameterized stochastic function based on the thermal values established for the phenological development of the species. We used the mean temperature values from the period 1980 to 2010 (historical reference period) of the Meteorological Stations: 78320 “Güira de Melena” and 78346 “Venezuela”, located at the western and central of Cuba respectively. We also used modeled data from RCP 2.6 scenarios; 4.5 and 8.5 from the PRECIS-CARIBE Regional Climate Model, which used global outputs from the ECHAM5 MCG for the period 2010 to 2100. As result, the scenarios showed that the annual average ITDB ranges from 0.7 to 0.8, which indicates that until 2010 there were temporary spaces with favorable thermal conditions for the species, but not for the period from 2010 to 2100 in RCP 4.5 and 8.5. In these scenarios, there was a progressive decrease in the indicator that warned of a marked loss of Viability of S. tuberosum, reduction of the time-space to cultivate this species (particularly the month of April is the most inappropriate for the ripening of the tuber). These results showed that Cuba requires the establishment of an adaptation program with adjustments in the sowing and production calendar, the use of short-cycle varieties of less than 120 days, the management of genotypes adaptable to high temperatures, and the application of “Agriculture Climate Smart”, to reduce risks in food safety.

scholarly journals The biomass burning aerosol influence on precipitation over the Central Amazon: an observational study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 18879-18904 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gonçalves ◽  
L. A. T. Machado ◽  
P.-E. Kirstetter
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Aggregate Information ◽  
Wet Scavenging ◽  
Biomass Burning Aerosol ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

Abstract. Understanding the aerosol influence on clouds and precipitation is an important key to reduce uncertainties in simulations of climate change scenarios with regards to deforestation fires. Here, we associate rainfall characteristics obtained by an S-Band radar in the Amazon with in situ measurements of biomass burning aerosols for the entire year of 2009. The most important results were obtained during the dry semester (July–December). The results indicate that the aerosol influence on precipitating systems is modulated by the atmospheric instability degree. For stable atmospheres, the higher the aerosol concentration, the lower the precipitation over the region. On the other hand, for unstable cases, higher concentrations of particulate material are associated with more precipitation, elevated presence of ice and larger rain cells, which suggests an association with long lived systems. The results presented were statistically significant. However, due to the limitation imposed by the dataset used, some important features such as wet scavenging and droplet size distribution need further clarification. Regional climate model simulations in addition with new field campaigns could aggregate information to the aerosol/precipitation relationship.

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

scholarly journals Disentangling effects of uncertainties on population projections: climate change impact on an epixylic bryophyte

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1740) ◽  
pp. 3098-3105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ruete ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Lars Bärring ◽  
Nils Chr. Stenseth ◽  
Tord Snäll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Sources ◽  
Population Dynamics Model ◽  
Sres Scenarios

Assessment of future ecosystem risks should account for the relevant uncertainty sources. This means accounting for the joint effects of climate variables and using modelling techniques that allow proper treatment of uncertainties. We investigate the influence of three of the IPCC's scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions (special report on emission scenarios (SRES)) on projections of the future abundance of a bryophyte model species. We also compare the relative importance of uncertainty sources on the population projections. The whole chain global climate model (GCM)—regional climate model—population dynamics model is addressed. The uncertainty depends on both natural- and model-related sources, in particular on GCM uncertainty. Ignoring the uncertainties gives an unwarranted impression of confidence in the results. The most likely population development of the bryophyte Buxbaumia viridis towards the end of this century is negative: even with a low-emission scenario, there is more than a 65 per cent risk for the population to be halved. The conclusion of a population decline is valid for all SRES scenarios investigated. Uncertainties are no longer an obstacle, but a mandatory aspect to include in the viability analysis of populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Crop yield and Evaluation of Coping Strategy using Crop Growth Simulation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
J. Alam ◽  
R. K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Area Index

 Any change in climate will have implications for climate-sensitive systems such as agriculture, forestry and some other natural resources. Changes in solar radiation, temperature and precipitation will produce changes in crop yields and hence economics of agriculture. It is possible to understand the phenomenon of climate change on crop production and to develop adaptation strategies for sustainability in food production, using a suitable crop simulation model. CERES-Maize model of DSSAT v4.0 was used to simulate the maize yield of the region under climate change scenarios using the historical weather data at Kharagpur (1977-2007), Damdam (1974-2003) and Purulia (1986-2000), West Bengal, India. The model was calibrated using the crop experimental data, climate data and soil data for two years (1996-1997) and was validated by using the data of the year 1998 at Kharagpur. The change in values of weather parameters due to climate change and its effects on the maize crop growth and yield was studied. It was observed that increase in mean temperature and leaf area index have negative impacts on maize yield. When the maximum leaf area index increased, the grain yield was found to be decreased. Increase in CO2 concentration with each degree incremental temperature decreased the grain yield but increase in CO2 concentration with fixed temperature increased the maize yield. Adjustments were made in the date of sowing to investigate suitable option for adaptation under the future climate change scenarios. Highest yield was obtained when the sowing date was advanced by a week at Kharagpur and Damdam whereas for Purulia, the experimental date of sowing was found to be beneficial.

scholarly journals Maize second-crop intercropped with forages and soil correction depths: grain yield and forages root distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e798974778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Rodrigues Sanches ◽  
Edson Lazarini ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Pontes Pechoto ◽  
Fabiana Lopes dos Santos ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Harmful Effects

Correction of soils is a required practice that aims to reduce the harmful effects of soil acidity, promote better development of the plants and ensure the productive potential of agriculture. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the maize yield in monoculture and / or intercropped and to study the development of Urochloa spp roots according to different combinations of chemical correction of the soil in rainfed conditions. The experiment was developed in an experimental area, Selvíria, MS, Brazil in dystrophic Oxisol. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with subplots, with three replications.  The soil correction treatments were arranged in the plots (control, gypsum, lime (0 - 0.2 m); lime and gypsum (0 - 0.2 m); lime (0 - 0.4 m); lime and gypsum (0 - 0.4 m)), and the subplots were occupied with maize, maize intercropped with U. ruziziensis or with Mulato II hybrid (Convert HD 364) The two intercrop with forages produced sufficient amounts of straw to start and/or maintain no-tillage system in the Cerrado region and the presence of forage in maize crop did not influence grain yield. The Mulato II hybrid had a larger root diameter, being more indicated for compacted soils, however longest root lengths were obtained by U. ruziziensis.

Subsampling Impact on the Climate Change Signal over Poland Based on Simulations from Statistical and Dynamical Downscaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Mezghani ◽  
Andreas Dobler ◽  
Rasmus Benestad ◽  
Jan Erik Haugen ◽  
Kajsa M. Parding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTMost impact studies using downscaled climate data as input assume that the selection of few global climate models (GCMs) representing the largest spread covers the likely range of future changes. This study shows that including more GCMs can result in a very different behavior. We tested the influence of selecting various subsets of GCMs on the climate change signal over Poland from simulations based on dynamical and empirical–statistical downscaling methods. When the climate variable is well simulated by the GCM, such as temperature, results showed that both downscaling methods agree on a warming over Poland by up to 2° or 5°C assuming intermediate or high emission scenarios, respectively, by 2071–2100. As a less robust simulated signal through GCMs, precipitation is expected to increase by up to 10% by 2071–2100 assuming the intermediate emission scenario. However, these changes are uncertain when the high emission scenario and the end of the twenty-first century are of interest. Further, an additional bootstrap test revealed an underestimation in the warming rate varying from 0.5° to more than 4°C over Poland that was found to be largely influenced by the selection of few driving GCMs instead of considering the full range of possible climate model outlooks. Furthermore, we found that differences between various combinations of small subsets from the GCM ensemble of opportunities can be as large as the climate change signal.

Evaluation of the impacts of climate change and land-use dynamics on water resources: The case of the Lobo River watershed: Central-Western Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenger Koffi ◽  
Zilé Alex Kouadio ◽  
Affoué Berthe Yao ◽  
Kouakou Hervé Kouassi ◽  
Martin Sanchez Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p>Meeting growing water needs in a context of increasing scarcity of resources due to climate change and changes in land use is a major challenge for developing countries in the coming years. The watershed of the Lobo river in Nibéhibé does not escape this dilemma. The water retention of the Lobo River and its watershed play an important role in the subsistence of the inhabitants of the region. However, the watershed is currently subject to strong human pressures mainly associated with the constant increase in human population and intensification of agricultural activities. The main objective of this study is to assess the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Lobo River watershed at Nibéhibé in the central-western part of Côte d'Ivoire. Two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were established using the regional climate model RCA4 (Rossby Centre atmospheric model 4) and the flows under these scenarios were simulated by the hydrological model CEQUEAU with respect to a reference period (1986-2005). The RCA4 regional model predicts an increase of 1.27° C; 2.58° C in the horizon 2021-2040 and 2051-2070 in mean annual temperature. Rainfall would also experience a significant average annual decrease of about 6.51% and 11.15% over the period 2021-2040 and 2041-2070. As for the evolution of flows, the Cequeau model predicts a decrease in the runoff and infiltration of water on the horizon 2021-2040 and an increase in evapotranspiration over time according to the RCP4.5 scenario. However, the model predicts an increase in runoff at the expense of a decrease in REE and infiltration at the horizon 2040-2070 according to scenario RCP8.5. It appears from this study that surface flows and infiltrations, which constitute the water resources available to meet the water needs of the basin's populations, will be the most affected. The results obtained in this study are important and could contribute to guide decision making for sustainable water resource management.</p>

Climate change effects on forest floor interception in woody Cerrado ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Rosalem ◽  
Miriam Gerrits-Coenders ◽  
Jamil A. A. Anache ◽  
Julian S. Sone ◽  
Dimaghi Schwamback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Water Partitioning ◽  
Evaporative Flux

<p>The interception process is an important redistributor of water fluxes, which can considerably affect terrestrial evaporation. Not only the canopy intercepts water, but also from the forest floor significant amounts of water vapor return to the atmosphere. Remaining forests are important areas to evaluate the possible effects of climate change on the water partitioning process. Despite the hydrologic and ecosystem services offered by Cerrado forests, the interception process, as well as climate change threats on the evaporative flux of such forests, are still unknown. This study attempts to anticipate the possible impacts on the forest floor interception process in Cerrado stricto sensu considering future scenarios of climate change. To accomplish this, we used data of field monitoring from June 2017 to February 2020 in an undisturbed Cerrado s.s. forest in São Paulo State, Brazil. We calibrated and validated an improved version of the Rutter interception model (Rutter et al., 1971), which includes interception from the forest floor. Projected climate change scenarios were obtained from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE, Brazil) from 2006 to 2099 with 5km spatial resolution generated by Eta-HadGEM2-ES regional climate model under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5. The results indicate increased rainfall and decreased potential evaporation in the decade 2041-2060. By the Rutter model, the total interception increased for this period (2041-2060) associated with decreased forest floor evaporation. During the first (2006-2020) and the last (2081-2099) decades, the predictions suggest an increase of 2.4% on the average annual percentage of forest floor evaporation, also an increase of minimum annual interception percentages (from 17.1% to 18.7%). Thus, our results demonstrate the relevance of forest floor to the interception process and suggest that it can be even more relevant in the future due to the climate changes.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document