Major metabolic and metabolomic approaches of dietary therapy in the control of inflammatory obesity processes in COVID-19: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. Currently, more than 30% of the world's population is overweight or obese. By 2020, it is estimated that over 60% of the world population will be overweight or obese. It has been postulated that a healthy nutritional status promotes immune function and can prevent the onset of a severe inflammatory process and severe infections, especially in times of pandemics such as COVID-19. The optimal immune response depends on proper diet and nutrition to keep the infection under control. Objective: This study analyzed the main interactions of dietary therapy in the control of obesity and its comorbidities, especially meta-inflammation. Methods: This study followed a systematic review model. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, using scientific articles from 2009 to 2021. The low quality of evidence was attributed to case reports, editorials, and brief communications, according to the GRADE instrument. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 105 studies were analyzed and submitted to eligibility analysis, and then 42 high to medium quality studies were selected. Biases did not compromise the scientific basis of the studies. Research has shown that unbalanced dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, rich in simple sugars, refined carbohydrates, saturated and trans-fatty acids, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, increased fat deposition, and future comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity. In addition, some nutrients have important effects in decreasing the inflammatory response and in metabolic restoration, reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, adequate dietary interventions for the management of overweight and obesity are needed, especially starting early in children and adolescents for healthy growth, preventing comorbidities in adulthood.

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COVID-19:Major Metabolic and Immunological Relationships in Obesity

MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.34256/mdnt2135 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Mariana Tolentino Chaves ◽

Ana Paula Tolentino Chaves

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

The Body ◽

Important Predictor ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Medium Quality ◽

Review Model

Introduction: In the scenario of chronic non-communicable diseases, obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. Currently, about 30% of the world's population is overweight or obese. Estimates suggest that the prevalence of severe obesity in 2030 will be 11%, approximately twice the current prevalence. By 2025, Brazil will be in fifth place in the world ranking, with an estimated 18.0 million people. The appearance of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19, has worsened the comorbidities of obesity. Objective: to explore, through a concise systematic review, the main metabolic and immunological relationships in obesity, especially in the presence of COVID-19. Methods: The present study followed a concise systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, and Scopus. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 76 studies were found that were submitted to the eligibility analysis, and, after that, 15 studies of high to medium quality and with risks of bias were selected that do not compromise the scientific basis of the studies, we found that obesity is an important predictor of worsening SARS-CoV-2 pathology. There are a complex interaction between multiple metabolic, immunological and inflammatory factors that result in meta-inflammation. It has been shown that obesity causes dysfunction in the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections and death from sepsis, and increased oxidative stress in the body. SARS-CoV-2 amplifies the inflammatory response, enabling greater propensity to alveolar thrombotic microangiopathy and pulmonary thromboembolism. Meta-inflammation and insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia is the main baseline changes in obesity. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 scenario, obesity is an important predictor of the worsening of SARS-CoV-2 pathology, mainly due to the worsening of metainflammation.

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COVID-19: Major Metabolic and Immunological Relationships in Obesity

MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.34256/mdnt21213 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-93

Author(s):

Mariana Tolentino Chaves ◽

Ana Paula Tolentino Chaves

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

The Body ◽

Important Predictor ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Medium Quality ◽

Review Model

Introduction: In the scenario of chronic non-communicable diseases, obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. Currently, about 30% of the world's population is overweight or obese. Estimates suggest that the prevalence of severe obesity in 2030 will be 11%, approximately twice the current prevalence. By 2025, Brazil will be in fifth place in the world ranking, with an estimated 18.0 million people. The appearance of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19, has worsened the comorbidities of obesity. Objective: to explore, through a concise systematic review, the main metabolic and immunological relationships in obesity, especially in the presence of COVID-19. Methods: The present study followed a concise systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 76 studies were found that were submitted to the eligibility analysis, and, after that, 15 studies of high to medium quality and with risks of bias were selected that do not compromise the scientific basis of the studies, we found that obesity is an important predictor of worsening SARS-CoV-2 pathology. There is a complex interaction between multiple metabolic, immunological and inflammatory factors that result in meta-inflammation. It has been shown that obesity causes dysfunction in the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections and death from sepsis, and increased oxidative stress in the body. SARS-CoV-2 amplifies the inflammatory response, enabling greater propensity to alveolar thrombotic microangiopathy and pulmonary thromboembolism. Meta-inflammation and insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia is the main baseline changes in obesity. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 scenario, obesity is an important predictor of the worsening of SARS-CoV-2 pathology, mainly due to the worsening of met inflammation.

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Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages as a policy to reduce overweight and obesity in countries of different income classifications: a systematic review

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002901 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Alexander Itria ◽

Stéfani S. Borges ◽

Ana Elisa M. Rinaldi ◽

Luciana Bertoldi Nucci ◽

Carla Cristina Enes

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Price Change ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Middle Income ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the potential impact of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes on overweight and obesity prevalence in countries of different income classifications. Design: Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO number CRD42020161612). Five databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS (via Virtual Health Library) and MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Web of Science were searched, from January 2009 up to December 2019. Articles that reported changes in purchases, sales, intake, body weight, BMI, overweight and/or obesity prevalence due to a tax on, or price change in SSBs were included. Setting: Studies conducted in countries of different income classifications. Participants: The search yielded 8,349 articles of which twenty-one met inclusion criteria. Results: Among the 16 studies selected, only 2 did not show that consumption, sales and purchase decreased as the price of SSBs increased. In 8 of the 13 studies selected, a positive effect of an SSB tax on decreasing overweight and obesity prevalence was expected. It is estimated that a 20% taxation on SSBs would result in a greater decrease in the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to a 10% rate. Studies with no significant effect of taxing on sales, purchases, consumption and prevalence of obesity were from high-income countries, while significant effects of taxing on reducing purchase, consumption and/or obesity prevalence were found in studies from upper-middle and middle-income countries. Conclusion: A high SSB tax might be an effective fiscal policy to decrease purchase and consumption of SSBs and reduce overweight/obesity prevalence, especially if the tax were specific for beverage volume.

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Dental implants survival after nasal floor elevation: a systematic review

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-21-00219 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Anitua ◽

Beatriz Anitua ◽

Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat ◽

Laura Piñas ◽

Asier Eguia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Lateral Approach ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Good Survival ◽

Quality Level ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Nasal Floor

Purpose The aim of this work is to assess the clinical outcomes of implants placed after a nasal floor elevation procedure. Methods A systematic review was conducted using four electronic databases; Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane library, DOAJ and SCOPUS, following the PRISMA statement recommendations to answer the PICO question: “In patients undergoing dental implant placement in the maxillary anterior region (P), Do implants placed after nasal floor elevation (I) have a different survival (O) from those implants placed without grafting procedures (C)?. The study was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021229479). Included articles quality was assessed using the “NIH quality assessment tool”, “The Newcastle-Ottawa scale” and “JBI critical appraisal tools for case reports''. Results Twelve articles were finally selected, including 151 patients and 460 implants. The weighted mean follow-up was 32.2 months, and the weighted survival rate after this period was 97.64% (range 89.2-100%). No statistical differences could be inferred between the treatments performed in one-stage or two-stage, following a lateral approach or a transcrestal approach or using different grafting materials. A great heterogeneity was found in terms of study design and methodological aspects. For this reason, a quantitative analysis followed by meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, implants placed after a nasal floor elevation present a good survival and a low range of complications. In absence of randomized studies, the level of evidence was low, attending the GRADE system and based on the study quality level, the strength of evidence attending the SORT taxonomy was B.

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Rituximab for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: a Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vincenzo G Menditto ◽

Giulia Rossetti ◽

Diletta Olivari ◽

Alessia Angeletti ◽

Marco Rocchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Biologic Agents ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis

Abstract Objective to analyze the available evidence about the use of rituximab (RTX) and other biologic agents in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) patients and to provide useful findings to inform the design of future, reliable clinical trials. Methods A systematic review was performed. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane library databases and an extensive literature search on other biologic agents. Results 45 papers pertinent to our questions were found: 16 retrospective cohort studies, 8 case series, 3 prospective cohort studies and 18 single case reports, for a total of 368 EGPA patients. More than 80% of evaluable patients achieved complete or partial remission with a tendency towards a higher rate of complete response in pANCA positive subgroup. Conclusion Although the majority of the evaluable EGPA patients treated with RTX appears to achieve complete remission, we strongly believe that a number of sources of heterogeneity impairs a clear interpretation of results and limits their transferability in clinical practice. Differences in design, enrollment criteria, outcome definition and measurement make a comparison among data obtained from studies on RTX and other biologic agents unreliable.

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with cancer: a systematic review

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care ◽

10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 265-270

Author(s):

Izumi Sato ◽

Hideki Onishi ◽

Chiaki Kawanishi ◽

Shuhei Yamada ◽

Mayumi Ishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽

High Mortality ◽

Case Reports ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

D2 Receptor ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Low Incidence

BackgroundAntipsychotics potentially cause a low incidence of the side effect called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which has a high mortality rate. However, few studies on NMS among patients with cancer exist.AimsWe aimed to examine the characteristics of antipsychotic-induced NMS among patients with cancer.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of published reports on NMS described during the treatment of patients with any type of cancer. Articles were identified by a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and reference lists from relevant articles published until 25 December 2019. Original articles or case reports on humans published in English were included. This review summarises the symptoms, characteristics, treatment course and prognosis of patients with cancer with NMS.ResultsEleven patients with various cancer types from ten case reports published from 1988 to 2013 met the eligibility criteria. Mean age of the 11 patients was 52.5 (range, 32–83) years. NMS developed mostly during the postoperative period, and haloperidol and D2 receptor antagonists were determined as the common causative drugs. Ten patients survived following treatment that mostly involved discontinuing the causative drugs and administering dantrolene, if necessary.ConclusionAlthough NMS intrinsically has a low incidence and high mortality, only few reports were available, with most patients surviving after early detection and appropriate treatment. Healthcare providers should consider NMS development while prescribing antipsychotics to ensure prompt recognition of the condition and rapid treatment for preventing unnecessary deaths.

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Retention period after treatment of posterior crossbite with maxillary expansion: a systematic review

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.22.2.035-044.oar ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julia Garcia Costa ◽

Thaís Magalhães Galindo ◽

Claudia Trindade Mattos ◽

Adriana de Alcantara Cury-Saramago

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Reports ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Retention Period ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Acrylic Plate ◽

Removable Appliances ◽

Quad Helix

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the duration of the retention period in growing patients undergoing maxillary expansion and its relation with posterior crossbite stability. METHODS: Search strategies were executed for electronic databases Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, which were completed on January 15, 2016. The inclusion criteria included randomized, prospective or retrospective controlled trials in growing subjects with posterior crossbite; treated with maxillary expanders; retention phase after expansion; post-retention phase of at least 6 months. The exclusion criteria were anterior crossbite, craniofacial anomalies, surgery or another orthodontic intervention; case reports; author’s opinions articles, thesis, literature reviews and systematic reviews. The risk of bias of selected articles was assessed with Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and Downs and Black checklist for non-RCTs. RESULTS: A total of 156 titles/abstracts was retrieved, 44 full-texts were examined, and 6 articles were selected and assessed for their methodological quality. The retention period after maxillary expansion ranged between 4 weeks and 16 months. Fixed (acrylic plate, Haas, Hyrax and quad-helix) or removable (Hawley and Hawley expander) appliances were used for retention. CONCLUSIONS: Six months of retention with either fixed or removable appliances seem to be enough to avoid relapse or to guarantee minimal changes in a short-term follow-up.

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Impact of child summertime obesity interventions on body mass index, and weight-related behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017144 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e017144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennette P Moreno ◽

Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im ◽

Elizabeth M Vaughan ◽

Tom Baranowski

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Body Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

School Age

IntroductionIn previous studies, it has been found that on average, children consistently gained weight during the summer months at an increased rate compared with the 9-month school year. This contributed to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. Several obesity-related interventions have occurred during or targeting the summer months. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of obesity prevention and treatment interventions for school-age children conducted during the summer or targeting the summer months when children are not in school on their body mass index (BMI), or weight-related behaviours.Methods and analysesA literature search will be conducted by the first author (JPM) using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Proquest Dissertations and Theses databases from the date of inception to present. Studies must examine interventions that address the modification or promotion of weight-related behaviours (eg, dietary patterns, eating behaviours, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour or sleep) and target school-age children (ages 5–18). The primary outcomes will be changes from baseline to postintervention and/or the last available follow-up measurement in weight, BMI, BMI percentile, standardised BMI or per cent body fat. Secondary outcomes will include changes in dietary intake, PA, sedentary behaviour or sleep. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised and non-randomised studies, as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationBecause this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethics approval will not be required. The findings will be disseminated via presentations at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. All amendments to the protocol will be documented and dated and reported in the PROSPERO trial registry.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016041750

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Dietary Interventions with or without Omega-3 Supplementation for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3506

Author(s):

Tala Raad ◽

Anne Griffin ◽

Elena S. George ◽

Louise Larkin ◽

Alexander Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Joint Tenderness ◽

Pain Duration ◽

Autoimmune Condition ◽

The Cochrane Library

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by symptoms of inflammation and pain in the joints. RA is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 0.5–1%, with a predominance in females. Diet may play an important role in the symptoms of RA; however, little is known about the effects of various diets. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effect of dietary interventions, with or without omega-3 supplementation for the management of RA. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for clinical trials investigating dietary interventions, with or without omega-3 supplementation to retrieve papers from inception to April 2021. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions in adults with RA were eligible for inclusion. Twenty studies with a total of 1063 participants were included. The most frequently reported outcomes were pain, duration of morning stiffness, joint tenderness, grip strength and inflammatory markers. Dietary interventions with an anti-inflammatory basis may be an effective way for adults with RA seeking complementary treatments, potentially leading to improvements in certain parameters. However, there is a need for longer duration studies that are well-designed and sufficiently powered to investigate the influence of diet on RA.

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Proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT value in overall NAFLD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.17842/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuefeng Ma ◽

Shousheng Liu ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Mengzhen Dong ◽

Yifen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Hepatic Inflammation ◽

Normal Alt ◽

Study Type ◽

The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background: ALT value is often used to reflect the hepatic inflammation and injury in NAFLD patients, but many studies proved that ALT values were normal in many NAFLD patients. The aim of this study was to identify the summarized proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT value in the overall NAFLD patients. Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library were searched for potential studies published from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2019. Studies that have reported the number of NAFLD or NASH patients with normal and abnormal ALT value were included and analyzed. Abstracts, reviews, case reports, and letters were excluded. Results: A total of 11 studies with 4084 patients were included for assessing the summarized proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT in overall NAFLD patients. As the results shown, the summarized proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT value in overall NAFLD patients was 25% (95%CI: 20%-31%) which was calculated by the random-effects model. The summarized proportion of NASH patients with normal ALT value in overall NASH patients was 19% (95%CI: 13%-27%). Subgroup analysis includes region, study type, diagnostic method, and group size were conducted to investigate the resource of heterogeneity in the summarized proportion of NAFLD and NASH patients with normal ALT value. Conclusions: 25% NAFLD patients and 19% NASH patients possess the normal ALT value in the clinical manifestation. The value of ALT in the clinical diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH remains need be further testified.

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