Organizational Failure as a Value Judgement: A Review and Reconceptualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 20549
Author(s):  
Kilian Bergmann ◽  
Christoph Seckler
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Failure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Judgement

scholarly journals Formulating tasks to develop HOTS for first-year calculus based on Brookhart abilities

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneshkumar Maharaj ◽  
Vivek Wagh ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
General Definition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Higher Order Thinking Skills ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mathematical Exploration ◽  
Calculus Students ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Value Judgement

Abstract We describe an approach to develop higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) among first-year calculus students. The ideas formulated by Brookhart to develop HOTS were used to identify from the literature three core abilities that should be targeted. Then eight expected learning outcomes for the development of HOTS were documented, in the context of the study of first-year university calculus. Those expected outcomes were used to formulate sample tasks that were designed to target the development of the eight abilities. A pilot study was done to determine whether the tasks had the high mathematical demand envisaged. It was found that about 37% of the participants did not give any response to the tasks. Further it was found that about 31% of the participants were able to critically evaluate a given possible solution to a problem and make a value judgement. It is recommended that to promote HOTS among students, the formulation of tasks should focus on developing the following abilities: interpreting a general definition or statement in the context of a given model; translating a worded or graphically represented situation to relevant mathematical formalisms; identifying possible applications of mathematics in their surroundings; identifying linkages between groups of concepts and interpreting these linkages in the context of a model; working systematically through cases in an exhaustive way; critically evaluating one’s and others’ presented solutions to a problem; interpreting and extending solutions of problems; and using with reasonable skill available tools for mathematical exploration.

scholarly journals The Strange Tale of Tom Cassidy and Catherine Rose, or, Free Love, Heterosexuality, and the One Big Union

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-154
Author(s):  
Todd McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Sexual Practice ◽  
Free Love ◽  
Sexual Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Value Judgement

Abstract When Tom Cassidy and Catherine Rose were purged from the One Big Union (OBU) in October 1923 for their illicit sexual relationship, it unleashed an intense and at times dramatic series of confrontations lasting more than six months in which members said to advocate the ideals of “free love” became the greatest threat to the union's existence. Remarkably, these debates at dozens of union meetings occurred without any public reference to sex. Instead, OBU executive members contained the sexual content of Cassidy's and Rose's affair by posing the question of their relationship in terms of a value judgement about what would hinder the progress of the union. To talk of sex, they argued, would enable a sexual Red Scare at the hands of the bourgeois press. The OBU would be destroyed in the ensuing panic over charges of “free love” and the working-class movement for liberation would be undermined. But underneath their concern to protect the union's reputation lay patriarchal assumptions about heterosexuality, both as sexual practice and family structure, to explain the union's existence, its organizational tactics, and their dream of a better future. Thus, it was not so much that the OBU Executive refused to challenge conservative sexual values to protect the union, but that they promoted these values.

scholarly journals Typical Mistakes in Forensic Handwriting Analysis of Copies of Handwritten Entries

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
G. V. Cherepenko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
European Network ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Judgement

The growing volume of forensic handwriting examinations of handwritten requisites copies entails the need to determine the range of the most typical mistakes made by experts in examination of these objects. The article gives examples of the most common mistakes in expert reports, the origin of some is analyzed. The system of internal and external forms of peer review of the ENFSI (The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) experts’ conclusions is reviewed. To avoid most of mistakes described in the article the author proposes to follow relevant methodological references, to pay close attention to the quality of the examined object, to adhere strictly to all intermediate stages of examination. Also, to use internal and external peer review of conclusions as a form of control more effectively. The information contained in the article can be of practical interest when both reviewing conclusions in state expert institutions and preparing a value judgement regarding an expert/specialist conclusion.

scholarly journals The many functions of evaluation in education

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
D. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Historical Note ◽  
A Value ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Many ◽  
Value Judgement

This paper focuses upon the many functions that are served by evaluations, and by the process of conducting them. Many forms or types of evaluation have evolved to serve these different functions; and a brief account is given of some of the most common of these forms and the issues or controversies that they have engendered. The discussion opens, after a brief historical note, by describing the differing views of Lee Cronbach and Michael Scriven about whether an evaluator should aim to educate stakeholders about the program so that they can make informed decisions about it, or whether evaluators should go further and make a value judgement about it. The discussion then moves on to the importance of not overlooking the unintended effects of a program that is under study; and after presenting a list of functions that evaluations can have, the remainder of the discussion deals with the “pros” and “cons” of, and the differences between, formative and summative evaluations.  

Managerial Discretion and Accountability for Performance in Budgeting -Evolution of Spending Authority, Results Oriented Management, Performance Measurement, and Policy Program Evaluation-

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yeon-Cheon Oh ◽  
Jae-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
A Value ◽  
Budget Reform ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
And Control ◽  
Value Judgement

Budgeting is an important part of the accountability process because it provides judgement of the credibility, lawfulness, and the performance of financial statements and of the manner in which public officials have carried out their responsibilities. By examining the procedures, operations, and management of policies or programs, budgeting can help agencies or organizations improve efficiency and economy. By conducting an evaluation focusing on whether a program was carried out as planned and met its objects or whether a program produced some change, or both, budgeting can also help decision makers improve the effectiveness of public sector operations. Budgeting reforms imply change for the better; it alludes to improvement, thus according to a value judgement to the process of succession. In effect, budgetary reform would indicate that the progression of change from control to management to planning was such an improvement. According to Allen Schick, budget reform always has three purposes; planning, management, and control(Schick, 1966;244).

Knowledge in Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Sanna Rimpiläinen
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
A Value ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Value Judgement

This paper discusses a methodological dilemma proposed by engaging actor-network theory (ANT) in studying collaborative research practices of researchers in a large interdisciplinary project. The paper sets the context of this large publically funded project (‘Ensemble: Semantic Technologies for the Enhancement of Case Based learning’) between Education and Computer Sciences, currently being undertaken by a consortium of six UK universities and three international partners. While a strand of ANT states that knowledge ‘emerges as continuously generated effects of webs of relations within which they are located’ (Law 2007), it is very vague in terms of how precisely does that knowledge emerge and how to study that. The methods -question was further complicated by the existence of multiple, potentially conflicting epistemological positions present at the project – how to study these without having to pass a value judgement in terms of their validity and reliability? The specific focus of the discussion is what might be termed the epistemology of actor-network theory, with particular consideration of the Principle of Symmetry. The paper suggests reading ANT through John Dewey’s Pragmatism and assesses ideas to take forward from this discussion in order to study interdisciplinary research work.

Romanization

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
D. W. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Military History ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
A Value ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Judgement ◽  
Different Parts

Defining Romanization is problematical, not least because there was no uniform concept throughout the empire of what it meant to be ‘Roman’. Assessments from the early twentieth century, when the term was introduced, automatically included a value judgement that Romanization of native communities was a good thing, and something that they would have aspired to. This was based largely on the colonialist viewpoint of classical scholars of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras that presupposed that the imposition of ‘civilized’ standards on subject peoples was morally justified and practically beneficial. Changing attitudes have not only rendered this viewpoint unacceptable, but have also made debate itself unacceptable in some quarters. In reality interaction between native communities and the occupying regime was different in different parts of Britain, and the impact of occupation, in terms of urban development, for example, was extremely variable. For much of the twentieth century Romano-British archaeology was built upon the historically based legacy of Haverfield and Collingwood, in which military history formed the basic framework for research, but new approaches were triggered in the 1990s by advances in technology and development-funded archaeology. Recent research has argued that south-eastern Britain at least already included client kingdoms of Rome, though the case remains controversial.

In Search of a Fair Balance: The Absolute Character of the Prohibition of Refoulement under Article 3 ECHR Reassessed

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEMME BATTJES
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
A Value ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Fair Balance ◽  
Value Judgement ◽  
Balancing Of Interests

AbstractAccording to well-established case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the prohibition on expulsion resulting in ill-treatment under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights is ‘absolute’: it does not allow for balancing of interests. Analysis of the Court's case law, however, shows that the application of the provision involves various forms of balancing, for example when delimiting the burden of proof or qualifying an act as ill-treatment. The absolute character expresses a value judgement about the importance of the prohibition, and it serves as an argumentative tool applied to sustain wide or inclusive readings of Article 3 ECHR.

scholarly journals Introduced reindeer on South Georgia - a management dilemma

Rangifer ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
N. Leader-Williams ◽  
D.W.H. Walton ◽  
P.A. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Active Management ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Introduced Herbivores ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ocean Management ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Value Judgement

Introduced mammals have had a major impact on the biota of islands in the Southern Ocean. Management plans for some islands include control measures for both introduced herbivores and carnivores that are justified on scientific grounds. In contrast, any active management of reindeer on South Georgia does not have a scientific justification since the survival of native species and communities are not at present threatened. Instead, the management option which is eventually chosen from those which are technically appropiate will be based on a value judgement by the management authority. Innførte reinsdyr på Syd-Georgia - et forvaltningsproblem. Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Innførte pattedyr har hatt en vesentlig innvirkning på de biologiske forhold på øyer i Sydishavet. Forvaltningsplaner for enkelte øyer omfatter kontrollmålinger av både innførte gressetere og kjøttetere rettferdiggjort av vitenskapelige grunner. I motsetning til dette, har en aktiv forvaltning av reinsdyr på Syd-Georgia ingen vitenskapelig begrunnelse, siden overlevelsen av lokale arter og samfunn ennå ikke er truet. Et eventuelt valg av forvaltningsmodell fra de som teknisk sett er hensiktsmessige, vil måtte basere seg på en vurdering gjort av den forvaltende myndighet.

scholarly journals Sejrskode, økonomi og politik som begrundelse for sundhedsfare og regelbrud - doping-historie og doping i DDR

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselher Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
A Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Social Science ◽  
Economics And Politics ◽  
Value Judgement

Dopinghistorien som normativ og rekonstruerbar.Victory code, economics and politics as grounds for health dangers and infringement of rules – the history of doping and doping in the DDRDoping has a history – and that history can be reconstructed. This emerges from a sports science report on what was in part a depressing past in the DDR. This recognition, however, gives also cause for cheer. Like the historical debate in Germany about the understanding of sport under National Socialism, systems of doping and sports in the DDR, the pros and contras of the doping debate, have special significance. Recognition of normative tendencies (such as the Frankfurt school’s) permit at the same time also a value judgement and in that way provide help in not repeating mistakes already committed. In the best instances it can even succeed in correcting structural defects. Contemporary history as critical social science has an express enlightening role here and can at the same time to a considerable extent be action-oriented. That is to say, that its results can be used in practice.

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