scholarly journals A Critical View on Pension Savings in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-382
Author(s):  
Jana Špirková ◽  
Martin Dobrovič ◽  
Miroslava Vinczeová
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

In almost all countries around the world, pension systems are based on several pillars. This is also the case of Slovakia with its three-pillar pension system. The paper presents a case study underlying the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. The case study clearly indicates that current pensions in Slovakia paid under all three pillars do not correspond with the expectations from the implementation of the three-pillar pension system. The aim of the paper is to the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. Our own contribution is the determination of the amount of pension for a specific pensioner specified in the presented case study. Within the saving phase of pension contributions the development of investment fund returns, the amount of future pensioner´s contributions, as well as administrative costs are analyzed on a monthly basis. The payout phase is modelled using actuarial functions applying the mortality tables of Slovakia.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Romanian Hospitals’ Expenses. A Case Study Toward the Financial Resilience after the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Attila GYÖRGY ◽  
◽  
Liliana SIMIONESCU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect­ed almost all activities worldwide. The medical sec­tor was one of those which were most significantly impacted because the medical infrastructure was not sized for such a high scale shock, specialized human resources and medical infrastructure prov­ing to be much undersized and with slow growth potential. Many changes were required, important financial resources being mobilized in order to mo­tivate medical staff, offer treatments for the most severely affected patients, but also to create new fa­cilities where the increasing number of sick persons could be cured. In our research we want to offer a hospital cost perspective based on empirical analysis of the COVID-19 impact on different categories of expens­es made by Romanian hospitals that treated patients with COVID-19 in different stages of their disease. The period analyzed was January 2019 to December 2020 on a monthly basis. Our results showed that expenses with goods and services, drugs, reagents and human resources are influenced by COVID-19 in a significant manner.

Traffic and Welfare Impacts of Credit-Based Congestion Pricing Applications: An Austin Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096013
Author(s):  
Weijia (Vivian) Li ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman ◽  
Yantao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

This study seeks smart credit-based congestion pricing (CBCP) solutions for maximally improving travelers’ welfare by varying toll levels and locations across the Austin, Texas network. Scenarios evaluated include selecting links with maximum delays by variably tolling bridges and by recognizing congestion externalities across all links. Travel demand models deliver inputs for normalized logsum differences to quantify and compare consumer surplus changes across traveler types, around the region. Results suggest limited tolling locations under four broad times of day can do more harm than good, unless travelers shift out of the PM and AM peak periods or revenues are returned to travelers as credits. When using CBCP across all congested links at congested times of day (with 10% of revenues retained to cover system administrative costs), an average net benefit of $1.61 per licensed driver per weekday is estimated, with almost all travelers benefiting. For example, 95% of the traffic analysis zones’ lowest value of travel time (VOTT) group (VOTT1 = $5/hour) are expected to benefit from the CBCP policy. Tolling at twice the difference between marginal social cost and average travel cost (on each subset of congested links) appears to benefit more people, although tolling high on various links adds to congestion elsewhere. For example: tolling Austin’s highest-delay-producing or “top 500” links is estimated to benefit 98.5% of the zones’ highest VOTT (VOTT5 = $45/hour) travelers, while raising vehicle-miles traveled by just 0.8% (as a result of more circuitous, congestion- and toll-avoiding travel).

An Approach for Concurrent and Integrated Material Selection and Dimensional Synthesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Karandikar ◽  
F. Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Domain Independent ◽  
Selection Phase

Difficulty in material selection is often mentioned as a reason for lengthy design cycles. Problems dealing with material selection play a central role in almost all design and are generally tackled using the experience-based judgment of a designer. Better methods for material selection are needed, however, because demands of efficient operation require judicious use of materials and there is increasing pressure to reduce costs. To date, material selection and dimensional synthesis of artifacts have mostly been tackled sequentially rather than concurrently. In this paper, a domain-independent, algorithmic method to guide a designer in the material selection phase of design is presented. The method enables concurrent determination of the material and the dimensions for an artifact. The approach, applicable to any material selection and design problem, is illustrated by a case study dealing with the design of a component made of composite materials.

scholarly journals IBRD AND ITS INVOLVEMENT IN MODERNISING AND IMPROVING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF PENSION SYSTEMS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rosu
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
International Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Analytical Errors

In our research we review the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s (IBRD) most important contributions to the functionality of the pension systems around the world. The pension systems design constitutes an important premise for the adequate functioning of these systems. In international practice, there is a wide variety of principles and mechanisms which can constitute the foundation of pension systems, the most common being materialized in the multi-pillar pension system, promoted by the IBRD. Its involvement in modernizing and improving the functionality of pension systems has reached also many other aspects such as evaluation of the national pension systems’ performance, financial assistance to governments with the aim of meeting the objectives corresponding to pension systems, scientific, technical and informational support. We conclude that IBRD’s involvement in modernizing and improving the functionality of pension systems has determined a significant transformation of the national pension systems, especially in Latin America and Eastern and Central Europe. However, its well-known multi-pillar model is not free of criticism as a result of the various analytical errors.

scholarly journals Optimal Performance and Modeling of Wireless Technology Enabling Smart Electric Metering Systems Including Microgrids

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7208
Author(s):  
Carlos Suárez ◽  
Esteban Inga
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Optimal Routing ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Model Configuration ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Micro Grids

This work is focused on the performance analysis and optimal routing of wireless technology for intelligent energy metering, considering the inclusion of micro grids. For the study, a geo-referenced scenario has been taken into account, which will form the structure of a graph to be solved using heuristic-based algorithms. In the first instance, the candidate site of the world geography to perform the case study is established, followed by deploying infrastructure devices and determining variables and parameters. Then, the model configuration is programmed, taking into account that a set of nodes and vertices is established for proper routing, resulting in a preliminary wireless network topology. Finally, from a set of restrictions, a determination of users connected to the concentrator and optimal routing is performed. This procedure is treated as a coverage set problem. Consequently, to establish the network parameters, two restrictions are specifically considered, capacity and range; thus, can be determined the best technology to adapt to the location. Finally, a verification of the resulting network topologies and the performance of the infrastructure is done by simulating the wireless network. With the model created, scenarios are tested, and it is verified that the optimization model demonstrates its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Pesantren for World Peace (A Case Study in a Pesantren in Jombang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Ali Makhrus ◽  
Rizki Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Radical Ideology ◽  
International Event ◽  
Almost All

<p>The issues of terrorism and radicalism emerge in almost all countries in the world. Acts of violence based on intolerance - religious, cultural, social- bring drastic consequences and often lead to a humanitarian crisis. Hate narratives, drastic changes of social order, poverty, and injustices influence people, especially youth, to be easily attracted by radical ideology. As a result, destructing church and other worship places, even killing non-Muslims become massive agendas held systematically and planned as the name of jihad. The wrong way to understanding Islam supporting peace and tolerance brings extremist people to have a perception that non-Muslim blood is halal. As a country with Muslims as the majority society, Indonesia needs to do comprehensive and systematic agendas to prevent young generations from radical ideology. <em>Pesantrens</em> as a reliable Islamic institution that have played significant roles in promoting peace and tolerance since many years ago need to have innovative ways to promote world peace. This study aimed to explore the role of a Pesantren in Jombang to promote world peace through conducting an international interfaith event namely <em>ASEAN Youth Interfaith Camp </em>involving 94 youths from many countries. This study was qualitative research using interview, observation and document analysis as tools to gather data. This study found that the Pesantren promote world peace through an international event involving credible speakers, and bringing the participants to visit some religious places and meeting various religious adherents. This paper hopefully could be an inspiration for other pesantrens in promoting world peace.</p>

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING OF ACCUMULATIVE AND DISTRIBUTION PENSION SUBSYSTEMS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Kulinich ◽  
◽  
Illya Zhayvoronok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The World

Despite the number of reforms, the issue of improving the pension system in Ukraine remains quite acute. The low replacement rate and the marked increase in public pension expenditures, caused by the sharp increase in the budget deficit of the pension fund of Ukraine, show that the national pension system is one of the least efficient pension systems in the world. The article considers the structure of pension systems of developed countries, which in their absolute majority are combined. The mixed type of pension system is the most effective in terms of financial stability and the level of paid pensions. In its pure form, cumulative and distribution models are not common in world practice. The indicator of the coefficient of replacement of pension subsystems of OECD countries is presented and conclusions are drawn about their efficiency. The basic models of management of accumulative pension funds are summarized. Based on the analyzed data, it is obvious that in most leading countries of the world the basis of pension provision is the distribution subsystem. With rare exceptions, the bulk of the substitution factor is created within distribution systems. Accumulation systems can also play a significant role. Comparing data on replacement rates in Ukraine with the countries of OECD, it is clear that by 2019 the situation in Ukraine is one of the worst. The ratio of the average pension to the average salary in Ukraine is 2 times lower than the average for the OECD countries. Analysis of world practice leads to the conclusion that to increase the level of pensions requires simultaneous strengthening of the distribution and development of the accumulative parts of the pension system. The analysis of functioning of each subsystem of pension provision in Ukraine is carried out. The problems of functioning of the distribution pension subsystem in Ukraine during the last years are described. The dynamics of the budget deficit of the Pension Fund of Ukraine is graphically presented. The reasons for refusing to introduce the compulsory pension subsystem have been identified. The results of the activity of the voluntary accumulative pension subsystem are analyzed. The directions of im-provement of functioning of the pension system of Ukraine are defined.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENDER COMPONENT IN THE PENSION SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19(47)) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Svetlana Movchun
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Gender Budgeting

According to estimates of the demographic situation in Ukraine and in the world as a whole, the majority of elderly people are women, which is one of the aspects of gender characteristics. At the same time, at the age of women, they face problems, inappropriate for men, in almost all spheres of life, including employment and retirement. In this context, the spread of feminization of poverty among older age groups encourages the reform of the pension system in order to achieve its gender neutrality. The article identifies gender inconsistencies in the modern pension system of Ukraine compared to EU countries. Based on the elucidation of the essence of gender budgeting, the expediency of improving the domestic pension system by developing its gender component has been proved. This will not only help solve the problem of proper social protection, but will also serve as an important basis for building the country’s investment potential.

scholarly journals APPROACH TO REFURBISHMENT OF TIMBER PRESCHOOL BUILDINGS WITH A VIEW ON ENERGY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Šuman ◽  
Maja Žigart ◽  
Miroslav Premrov ◽  
Vesna Žegarac Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

The refurbishment of educational buildings usually involves a variety of measures aiming at reducing energy demands and improving building functionality to achieve higher living comfort. This paper aims to develop an approach for determination of comprehensive refurbishment strategy upon existing preschool buildings in Slovenia from the aspects of energy and economic efficiency. The main idea of the approach is to separate and individually analyse the investments into those related to energy efficiency improvements and those related to improvements of building functional quality through the step-by-step evaluation of individual measures. The proposed approach was applied on the case study of the existing timber preschool building in the city of Maribor. Generally, the highest energy savings are detected only in the case of combination of multiple renovation measures. Moreover, the economic indicators show low efficiency for almost all measures if they are treated separately. Additionally, the analysis reveals that certain measures are totally inefficient in terms of energy, yet they are highly beneficial from the viewpoint of building functional quality, which indicates the importance of the multi-perspective assessment of renovation process. The conclusions of this study can be implemented to similar building types and construction ages in similar climatic and economic environments.

scholarly journals Reform of Healthcare and Pension Systems in Chile (Conclusions for Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Ryszar Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
The World ◽  
State Subsidies

Health reform in Chile attemps to improve healthcare of the citizens. The authorities of the country managed to combine both the private (ISAPRE) and public systems FONASA). The biggest success was the creation of AUGE (state subsidies for 66 diseases). The unsolved problems are as follows: long waiting lists and shortages of beds in public hospitals, shortage of medical doctors and specialists. As far as the pension reform is concerned Chile was the first state in the world which in 1981 totally privatized the public pension system. Unfortunately, the fruit of changes in Chile is less optimistic (extremely low pensions) than it was initially assumed. According to specialists the only chance for a correct work of the pension system is introduction of the system which would combine two forms, i.e. a state intergenerational agreement and capital system.

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