Influence of Decreasing Supplementation to Transformation of Chemical Forms of Ni, Zn and Cu During Composting of Sewage Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
Robert Sidełko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
N Value ◽  
Mobile Forms

This paper pertains to the influence of decreasing supplementation to transformation of chemical forms of Ni. Zn and Cu during composting of sewage sludge. A universally used supplementing material constituting a rich source of organic carbon is straw. Addition of straw to sewage sludge is aimed at increasing C/N proportion up to at least 15 due to the risk of formation of toxic forms of nitrogen, concentration of which in sewage sludge is exceptionally high. We have presented in this paper the results of speciation research of three elements applying Tessier’s sequential extraction. It’s been proven that decreasing of straw share in the composted mixture with sewage sludge down to the level of C/N value below the admissible value, has a beneficial effect on the allocation of tested heavy metals towards the forms that are permanently bound in compost matrix. A systematic increase of organic (IV) and residual (V) fractions share and decrease of mobile forms of heavy metals content in bioavailable fractions i.e. ion-exchange (I) and carbonate (II) has been ascertained.

scholarly journals The Determination of Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Shooting Area Contaminated Soil Using Sequential Extraction Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeonghye Moon ◽  
Hongki Park ◽  
Kyoungkeun Yoo ◽  
Jha Manis Kumar ◽  
Alorro Richad Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method

scholarly journals Synergistic Passivation of Fly Ash and TMT on Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Fang Wang ◽  
Shi-He Li ◽  
Xian-Qing Wang ◽  
Ling-Xu Li ◽  
Xuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Trisodium Salt ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Large amounts of fly ash and sewage sludge are produced annually in China. The treatment and disposal of such byproducts have become urgent problems that need to be solved. In order to achieve the possibility of realizing land applications for sewage sludge, fly ash and trimercapto-s-triazine trisodium salt (TMT) were used as immobilizing agents, and their passivation effects on four kinds of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were evaluated. The results showed that the resulting sewage sludge met Chinese standard GB/T23486-2009. When the addition was 10–20% fly ash or 0.4–0.6% TMT, the optimum immobilization effect was obtained. The synergistic passivation of 20% fly ash +0.5% TMT was superior to that of either fly ash or TMT alone. The addition of sewage sludge during the ryegrass growth process significantly increased the plant height, the number of tillers, the chlorophyll content, and the biomass of the ryegrass over the brown soil. The adverse effect of the heavy metals on the ryegrass growth could be alleviated by the passivation effect of fly ash and TMT. The immobilization performance of the fly ash was mainly due to the formation of precipitation and the ion exchange, while that of TMT was due to chelate precipitation.

Speciation of heavy metals in untreated sewage sludge by using microwave assisted sequential extraction procedure

2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad K. Jamali ◽  
Tasneem G. Kazi ◽  
Muhammad B. Arain ◽  
Hassan I. Afridi ◽  
Nusrat Jalbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Untreated Sewage

scholarly journals Identification of the Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Critical Element of Ecological Risk Assessment in Terms of Its Agricultural or Natural Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tytła
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Chemical Forms

The present study aimed to demonstrate that identification of the chemical forms of heavy metals in sewage sludge produced in municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is a critical element of ecological risk assessment, especially in terms of its agricultural or natural use. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The chemical forms of heavy metals were analyzed in accordance with the sequential extraction method proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). Sludge samples were collected at the five municipal WWTPs located in the largest industrial area in the country, i.e., the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (southern Poland, central Europe). The ecological risk was assessed by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Risk Index (RI), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Global Risk Index (GRI) as well as the author’s indices, i.e., Individual Ecological Risk (IER) and Global Ecological Risk (GER). To demonstrate the differences between the level of ecological risk posed by the different heavy metals, sludge samples were collected at two specific points of the processing line. Considering the chemical forms of heavy metals, the highest ecological risk was posed by Zn, Cd and Ni, while in the case of their total concentrations, by Cd and Hg. The obtained results confirm that quantitative determination of the total content of heavy metals in sewage sludge is not a sufficient criterion in assessment of the ecological risk that these elements pose to the natural environment and living organisms. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals, which indicates that they plausibly originate from the same source of pollution.

Time-saving application for sequential extraction of heavy metals by optimized BCR method and lixiviation from untreated sewage sludge

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jamali ◽  
T. Kazi ◽  
M. Arain ◽  
H. Afridi ◽  
J. Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Certified Reference Material ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Optimum Recovery

This article describes an improvement in the modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure employed for heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in untreated domestic waste-water sewage sludge collected from different cities in Pakistan.The BCR sequential extraction protocol requires 16 h for each step, whereas in the present work optimum recoveries of all heavy metals were attained in 10 h/step. The validity of the proposed BCR sequential extraction procedure was checked using certified reference material (BCR 483). Various parameters such as time interval (2–16 h) and sample mass (0.2–1.0 g) were studied to achieve optimum recovery of the heavy metals studied. The extracted analytes were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimum recovery of heavy metals from the certified reference material and from experimental samples was achieved at a sample mass of 0.4 g, while the time required for extraction on a mechanical shaker at 30 rpm was found to be 26–32 h. The sequence of easily available (acid-exchangeable) heavy metals was determined as Cd<Zn<Ni<Cr<Pb<Cu. With the exception of Cd the dominant fractions of the heavy metals were associated with organic matter, while 31.0 and 47.8% of Cd was present in acid-soluble and reducible forms, respectively. A lixiviation test (DIN 38414-S4) was used to evaluate the leaching of heavy metals from the domestic waste-water sewage sludge used for agricultural purposes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tytła
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Chemical Forms

This study aimed to assess the pollution and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sewage sludge collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in the most industrialized region of Poland (Silesian Voivodeship). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The chemical forms (chemical speciation) of heavy metals were determined using the three-step chemical sequential extraction procedure, developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). To assess the pollution level and potential ecological risk, the following indices were used: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and Ecological Risk Factor (ERF)—the author’s index. Sludge samples were collected at successive stages of processing. The results revealed that the activated sludge process and sludge thickening have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution, while anaerobic digestion and dehydration decrease their mobility. The most dominant metals in the sludge samples were Zn and Cu. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge did not exceed the permissible standards for agricultural purposes. The concentrations of heavy metals bound to the immobile fractions exhibited higher concentrations, compared to those bound to mobile fractions (except Zn). The values of the total indices indicated that sludge samples were moderately to highly contaminated with Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb, of which only Hg, Cd, and Cu posed a potential ecological risk, while according to the speciation indices, sludge samples were moderately to very highly polluted with Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni, of which Zn, Ni, and Cd were environmentally hazardous. The obtained results proved that assessment of the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge requires knowledge on both their total concentrations and their chemical forms. Such an approach will help prevent secondary pollution of soils with heavy metals, which may influence the reduction of health risks associated with the consumption of plants characterized by a high metal content.

Analysis of chemical forms of heavy metals in contaminated soil by sequential extraction methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oh-Hyeok Kwon ◽  
Kyungbae Jung ◽  
Kyoungkeun Yoo ◽  
Jay Hyun Park ◽  
Ui Kyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Forms

scholarly journals CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF OIL-POLLUTED AREAS OF PRE-CARPATHIAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
V. Lopushnyak ◽  
H. Hrytsulyak ◽  
O. Tonkha ◽  
O. Menshov ◽  
O. Pikovsʹka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The article highlights the results of research on the content of heavy metals in sod-podzolic soils of oil-contaminated areas of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Contamination of soils with petroleum products causes severe ecological consequences for ecosystems. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, underground part and vegetative mass of sylphia perforated in the conditions of cultivation in oil-contaminated areas. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils did not exceed the norms in all variants of the experiment. During the cultivation of Sylphia perfoliatum, it grew in a number: cadmium → nickel → cobalt → lead. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined, which reflects the change in the content of the element in the test soil relative to the content of metals in the background soil. The coefficients of concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals in oil-contaminated soil for the cultivation of perforated sylphia for the application of fertilizers based on sewage sludge and compost based on them increased in a number: cobalt → lead → nickel → cadmium. Peculiarities of heavy metals accumulation in the vegetative mass of perforated sylphia have been established. Indices of intra-tissue heavy metal contamination of the root system of sylphia perforated with the introduction of sewage sludge increase in the following series: cadmium → nickel → lead → cobalt. The maximum indices of contamination of sylphia roots permeated with cadmium, nickel and cobalt are observed for the introduction into the soil of ERUs at a rate of 40 t / ha and N10P14K58, lead – for the application of compost at a rate of 30 t/ha and N30K55. The lowest indices of intratissue contamination with heavy metals of the roots of sylphia perfoliatum were noted for the application of fertilizer N60P60K60.

scholarly journals Especiación de metales en sedimentos del río Cuchivero, Venezuela

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arístide Márquez ◽  
Gregorio Martínez ◽  
Julio Figuera ◽  
William James Senior ◽  
Antonio Benítez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Del Rio

The total concentration and the chemical forms of heavy metals were determined insuperficial sediments of the Cuchivero river, Venezuela, using sequential extraction andatomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame. Pollution indices were used to study thedistribution, pollution and environmental risk in the sediments. Total values ranged from,394-457 mgkg-1 Fe, 46,87-74,82 Mn, 6,45-11,92 Zn, 1,70-5,75 Ni, 0,39-3,7 Cu, 1,25-3,63Cr, 0,37-1,82 Co, 0,10-0,30 Cd y

Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludges

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Oake ◽  
C. S. Booker ◽  
R. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Complete Extraction

Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) have been fractionated in representative sewage sludges (primary, secondary, digested) by a sequential extraction procedure using KNO3 1M (removes the ‘exchangeable' fraction), KF 0.5M (‘sorbed'), Na4P2O7 0.1M (‘organic'), Na2EDTA 0.1M (‘carbonate') and HNO3 6M (‘sulphide'). Major differences according to sludge type were not seen. Cd occurred mainly in the ‘carbonate' fraction and 38–62% of Cr was in the ‘organic' fraction. 43–70% Cu was in the sulphide fraction whilst &gt;40% of Ni was extracted in the ‘exchangeable/sorbed' fractions. Pb was found predominantly in the ‘organic' and ‘carbonate' fractions and Zn in the ‘organic' fraction. The complete extraction procedure removed 54–100% of the total metals content of the sludges. Changes in fractionation caused by drying, storage and time of extraction are reported. The results form the first part of a detailed investigation into the chemistry of metals in sewage sludge.

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