scholarly journals Gênero e hidratação como mediadores relevantes para restauração de processos inflamatórios em atletas jovens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Flávio Ignácio Bachini ◽  
Leonardo Macedo ◽  
Luis Carlos Oliveira Gonçalves ◽  
Adenilda Cristina Honório França ◽  
Eduardo Luzia França ◽  
...  

Objetivos: Poucos estudos tem dado a devida importância ao estado de hidratação e as alterações hematológicas em menores de 18 anos. O presente estudo investigou estas alterações em menores de 18 anos na prova de 3000 metros para ambos os gêneros. Método: Foram incluídos os seis melhores participantes das Olimpíadas Nacionais do Ensino Médio (menores de 18 anos) no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal. Os atletas correram 3.000 metros em uma pista oval de 400 metros. Foi realizado leucograma total e específico, eritrograma e contagem de plaquetas em quatro diferentes tempos (jejum, pré, pós e recuperação). Os cálculos de comparação entre tempos, apresentados, foram adaptados do modelo matemático de variação percentual. Resultados: Quando comparadas as médias em relação a cada tempo, pode-se notar que os eritrócitos, hemoglobina, hematócrito, leucócitos totais e basófilos aumentaram significativamente após a corrida para ambos os gêneros. Além disso, as plaquetas também aumentaram para ambos os gêneros sem significância. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson mostrou importante interação leucócitos-plaquetas. Os homens recuperaram seu estado de hidratação em quase metade do tempo em relação as mulheres. Em relação ao sistema imune e resposta inflamatória, as atletas do  gênero feminino tiveram um aumento relativo de mais que o dobro para leucócitos e não recuperaram estes valores, além de apresentarem um aumento de eosinófilos neste mesmo tempo, enquanto os  atletas do  gênero masculino apresentaram diminuição. As mulheres apresentaram um aumento de quase o dobro para linfócitos, enquanto os homens tiveram este comportamento para os fagócitos. Conclusões: O exercício induz alteração do estado de hidratação e sistema imune, tendo diferenças em relação ao gênero. Quando bem conduzido, gera efeitos antiinflamatórios a longo prazo. Quando não há controle sobre o volume, intensidade e recuperação pode causar imunossupressão e promover a suceptibilidade para infecções. Foi possível observar que os atletas do  gênero masculino tem um menor estresse inflamatório e recuperam o seu estado de hidratação e a resposta inflamatória mais rápido que as meninas após uma corrida de 3000 metros.   Objectives: Few studies have given due importance to the hydration status and hematological alterations in children under 18 years of age. The present study investigated these alterations in children under 18 years old in the 3000 meters test for both genders. Method: The six best participants of Brazil's National High School Olympiads (under 18 years old) were included. This is an observational and cross-sectional study. Athletes ran 3,000 meters on a 400 meters oval track. Total and specific white blood cell count, erythrogram, and platelet count were performed four times (fasting, pre, post, and recovery). The time comparison calculations presented were adapted from the percentage variation mathematical model. Results: When comparing the means for each time, it can be noted that erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leukocytes, and basophils increased significantly after the race for both genders. Furthermore, platelets also increased for both genders without significance. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant leukocyte-platelet interaction. Men regained their hydration status in almost half the time compared to women. Regarding the immune system and inflammatory response, female athletes had a relative increase of more than double for leukocytes and did not recover these values, in addition to showing an increase in eosinophils simultaneously, while male athletes showed a decrease. Women showed an increase of almost double for lymphocytes, while men showed this behavior for phagocytes. Conclusions: Exercise induces changes in hydration status and immune system, with differences concerning gender. When done well, it generates long-term anti-inflammatory effects. When there is no control over volume, intensity, and recovery, it can cause immunosuppression and increase infection susceptibility. It was observed that male athletes have lower inflammatory stress and recover their hydration status and inflammatory response faster than girls after a 3000 meter run.

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Hendriko ◽  
Tirza Z Tamin ◽  
I Nyoman Murdana ◽  
Aria Kekalih

Objectives: To find hamstring muscle flexibility among KONI Propinsi DKI Jakarta’s volleyball players,based on age, sex and playing position particularly.Methods: A cross sectional study performed in 25 female and 24 male athletes using Sit and Reach Test (SRT) box had done 3 times trial with the best score was recorded.Results: Hamstring muscle’s mean value score was 18.21 (SD 6.5) cm, male athletes was 17.6 (SD 6.5) cm, female athletes was 18.8 (SD 6.6) cm, middle adolescence 14-16 years old was 15.55 (SD 6.1) cm,late adolescence 17-20 years old was 19.91 (SD 6.9) cm, young adulthood 21-24 years old was 18.79 (SD 4.6) cm, hitter was 18.8 (SD 6.6) cm, center was 15.5 (SD 6.3) while allround players was 20.4 (SD5.9).Conclusions: Average value of hamstring flexibility among volleyball athletes of KONI DKI Jakarta based on SRT was 18.21 ± 6.5 cm, particularly within middle adolescence (14-16 years old) was 15.55± 6.1 cm, late adolescence (17-20 years old) was 19.91 ± 6.9 cm, and young adulthood (21-24 year old) was 18.79 ± 4.6 cm. While by sex was 17.6 ± 6.5 cm among male and 18.8 ± 6.6 cm among female.Based on playing position, hitters were 18.8 ± 6.6, setters were 15.5 ± 6.3 and all-round player were 20.4 ± 5.9 cm.Keywords: Flexibility, Hamstring muscle, SRT


2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
LiJing Liu ◽  
Ryouko Maruno ◽  
Tomoko Mashimo ◽  
Kazunori Sanka ◽  
Tai Higuchi ◽  
...  

Effects of long-term exercise on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content, bone geometric properties, and the strength indexes of bone were examined in a cross-sectional study of athletes and controls. Tibias of 25 jumpers (13 women), 30 swimmers (15 women), and 25 controls (15 women), aged 18–23 yr, were scanned at midsite by using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The cortical vBMD of female athletes was lower than that of the controls (2.00 ± 0.05, 1.90 ± 0.08, and 1.92 ± 0.12 g/cm3, respectively, for controls, swimmers, and jumpers). On the other hand, periosteal areas of male jumpers and female athletes were greater than that of controls (460 ± 50, 483 ± 46, and 512 ± 55 mm2, respectively, for male controls, swimmers, and jumpers, and 283 ± 52, 341 ± 73, and 378 ± 75 mm2, respectively, for female controls, swimmers, and jumpers). The endocortical area of female swimmers was greater than that of controls (103 ± 29, 148 ± 52, and 135 ± 54 mm2, respectively, for controls, swimmers, and jumpers). The polar moment of inertia and strength strain index of male jumpers and female athletes were significantly greater than those of controls, except for the difference in strength strain index between male jumpers and controls. We conclude that the improvement of mechanical properties of young adult bone in response to long-term exercise is related to geometric adaptation and not to vBMD.


2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Østein B. Lian ◽  
Lars Engebretsen ◽  
Roald Bahr

Background The prevalence of jumper's knee across different sports has not been examined, and it is not known if there is a gender difference. Data from surgical case series indicate that there may be a high prevalence in sports with high speed and power demands. Hypothesis The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of jumper's knee in different sports among female and male athletes and to correlate the prevalence to the loading characteristics of the extensor mechanism in these sports. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The authors examined approximately 50 Norwegian male and female athletes at the national elite level from each of the following 9 sports: athletics (male athletes: high jump, 100- and 200-m sprint), basketball (male athletes), ice hockey (male athletes), volleyball (male athletes), orienteering (male athletes), road cycling (male athletes), soccer (male and female athletes), team handball (male and female athletes), and wrestling (male athletes). The examination included an interview on individual characteristics (weight, age, height, and training background), a clinical examination, and self-recorded Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Results The overall prevalence of current jumper's knee was 14.2% (87 of 613 athletes), with a significant difference between sports with different performance characteristics (range, 0%-45%). In addition, 51 athletes (8%) reported previous symptoms. The prevalence of current symptoms was highest in volleyball (44.6% ± 6.6%) and basketball (31.9% ± 6.8%), whereas there were no cases in cycling or orienteering. The prevalence of current jumper's knee was lower among women (5.6% ± 2.2%) compared with men (13.5% ± 3.0%; χ2 test, P =. 042). The duration of symptoms among athletes with current jumper's knee (n = 87) was 32 ± 25 (standard deviation) months, with a Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score of 64 ± 19. Conclusion The prevalence of jumper's knee is high in sports characterized by high demands on speed and power for the leg extensors. The symptoms are often serious, resulting in long-standing impairment of athletic performance.


Author(s):  
Muskaan Sutaria ◽  
Greeshma Keny ◽  
Shilpa A. Pratinidhi

Background: Pandemic induced lockdown has led to various changes in dietary habits and physical activity amongst the general population like increased consumption of processed food, snacking between meals and decreased consumption of vegetables. This unhealthy lifestyle leads to increase in weight and obesity, which are long-term risk factors for various chronic disorders and impairs the immune system which is vital during a pandemic. Therefore, this study was conducted to document changes in the nutritional habits.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Written informed consent was obtained and the purpose of the study was explained. A self-administered questionnaire was circulated as Google forms to collect data.Results: 422 volunteers participated. Around 23.5% (n=56) consumed vegetables less than twice a week. Snacking between meals 1-3 times a day was observed in 72% (n=304), of which 54.9% (n=167) do not exercise at all or less than before lockdown and, 52.6% (n=160) showed a significant increase in weight. Out of the 50.2% (n=212) with a changed eating schedule, 30.18% (n=64) skipped at least one meal and 22.3% also showed gastrointestinal disturbances.Conclusions: Many changes were observed in dietary habits of people due to lockdown, which are a step towards a weak immune system and also forms a basis for chronic diseases in the future. Therefore, it is advisable to consume a balanced diet, as it is an unexcelled way of boosting the immune system which will help in fighting all types of infection including the novel coronavirus infection and lead a healthy lifestyle.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Rita Baptista ◽  
Ryane Englar ◽  
Berta São Braz ◽  
Rodolfo Oliveira Leal

In both human and veterinary healthcare, gastrointestinal protectants (GIPs) are considered a staple of clinical practice in that they are prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) and specialists alike. Concerning GIP use, overprescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has become a growing concern among human healthcare providers. This trend has also been documented within veterinary practice, prompting the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) to publish a consensus statement in 2018 concerning evidence-based indications for GIP use. This observational cross-sectional study evaluated self-reported prescribing protocols among Portuguese GPs to determine whether there is adherence to the consensus guidelines. Respondents were Portuguese GPs recruited by social media posts in veterinarian online forums. Data were collected from 124 respondents concerning their GIPs of choice and their rationales for prescribing them. Data were mined for prescription patterns and protocols. Among GIPs, PPIs were prescribed more often. Rationales for use included gastrointestinal ulceration and erosion (GUE), prophylactic management of nonerosive gastritis, pancreatitis, reflux esophagitis, and steroid-induced ulceration. Once-daily administration of PPIs was the most frequent dosing regime among respondents. Ninety-six percent of PPI prescribers advocated that the drug be administered either shortly before or at mealtime. Forty-nine percent of respondents supported long-term use of PPIs. Fifty-nine percent of respondents acknowledged discontinuing PPIs abruptly. This study supports that Portuguese GPs commonly prescribe GIPs in accordance with ACVIM recommendations to medically manage GUE. However, misuse of GIPs does occur, and they have been prescribed where their therapeutic value is debatable. Educational strategies should target GPs in an effort to reduce GIP misuse.


Author(s):  
Bum Jung Kim ◽  
Sun-young Lee

Extensive research has demonstrated the factors that influence burnout among social service employees, yet few studies have explored burnout among long-term care staff in Hawaii. This study aimed to examine the impact of job value, job maintenance, and social support on burnout of staff in long-term care settings in Hawaii, USA. This cross-sectional study included 170 long-term care staff, aged 20 to 75 years, in Hawaii. Hierarchical regression was employed to explore the relationships between the key independent variables and burnout. The results indicate that staff with a higher level of perceived job value, those who expressed a willingness to continue working in the same job, and those with strong social support from supervisors or peers are less likely to experience burnout. Interventions aimed at decreasing the level of burnout among long-term care staff in Hawaii may be more effective through culturally tailored programs aimed to increase the levels of job value, job maintenance, and social support.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Cristina Lins Berber ◽  
Mariana Silva Melendez-Araújo ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽  
Kênia Mara Baiocchi de Carvalho ◽  
Eliane Said Dutra

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