scholarly journals Neurohypofyzární peptidy v lékařství z pražských a švédských laboratoří. Část I: Historie výzkumu a počátky produkce lékových forem

2022 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Vladimír Pliska ◽  
Antonín Pařízek ◽  
Martin Flegel
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Central Form

From the fifties to the seventies of the last century, the neurohypophyseal peptides oxytocin and vasopressin constituted one of the main research areas at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry in Prague (IOCB). A significant contribution to this area is associated with the names of František Šorm, director of the said institute, and Josef Rudinger, head of the institute's peptide laboratory. At that time, newly developed research tools enabled to synthesize structural analogues of these hormones in numerous laboratories worldwide and hence to investigate the structure-activity relationships within this peptide group. Contributions of single peptide-chain positions to the respective biological activities were identified which opened a possibility to rationalize a design of peptides with a combination of changes in several positions. Several clinically interesting peptides were synthesized in the late 1960s at the IOCB and employed as therapeutics: [(Gly)3-Cys1,Lys8]-vasopressin (Glypressin Ferring®, Terli­pressin INN), 1-deamino-8-ᴅ-arginine vasopressin (Desmopressin INN, dDAVP), and later the uterotonics carbetocin (INN), widely used in obstetrics to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. Since the industrial production of peptide therapeutics was scarcely possible under the conditions of socialist economy in Czechoslovakia as well as in other countries under the Soviet influence, F. Šorm agreed to use the already established scientific contacts of IOCB with the Swedish pharmaceutical company Ferring AB and to transfer the production licences to Sweden. The license agreements were signed in 1969 and led to a quick spread of dDAVP in the substitution therapy of the central form of diabetes insipidus and, moreover, contributed to a fast upsurge of the Ferring company. Somewhat later, Glypressin was produced as a therapeutic with a prolonged action in cases of cardiovascular collapse. Contacts between Prague peptide chemists and the Ferring company lasted on a rather informal base until the end of the 1980s. After the fall of the totalitarian regime in Czechoslovakia in 1990, Ferring started a joint-venture collaboration with the newly organized Czech company Léčiva st.p. Praha in a newly established group Prague Polypeptide Institute spol. s. r.o. (later Ferring-Léčiva A.S.). A substantial part of the peptide-production capacities was then transferred to new buildings in Prague.

Social exchange processes, health behaviour, and health behaviour change

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Rainer Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Multi Method Approach

Abstract. The main research areas of the Social and Health Psychology group at the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, are introduced. Exemplarily, three currently ongoing projects are described. The project ”Dyadic exchange processes in couples facing dementia” examines social exchanges in couples with the husband suffering from dementia and is based on Equity Theory. This project applies a multi-method approach by combining self-report with observational data. The ”Swiss Tobacco Monitoring System” (TMS) is a representative survey on smoking behaviour in Switzerland. Besides its survey character, the Swiss TMS also allows for testing psychological research questions on smoking with a representative sample. The project, ”Theory-based planning interventions for changing nutrition behaviour in overweight individuals”, elaborates on the concept of planning. More specifically, it is tested whether there is a critical amount of repetitions of a planning intervention (e.g., three or nine times) in order to ensure long-term effects.

Borders, Conflicts and Bargaining in Federations and Communities of Governments

2009 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Distribution Of Power

Economic policy in the modern world can be treated as an outcome of interaction of multiple territorial centers of public authority: nation-states, subnational and supranational jurisdictions. In the last decades economics has increased its attention to the factors which influence the distribution of power among jurisdictions. The paper surveys two main research areas in this literature: economics of conflicts and theory of endogenous decentralization. It discusses the basic models of both approaches and their modifications applied in the literature as well as factors of conflict formation and bargaining over devolution.

Structure-Bioactivity Relationship Study of Xanthene Derivatives: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1077
Author(s):  
Aref G. Ghahsare ◽  
Zahra S. Nazifi ◽  
Seyed M.R. Nazifi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cyclic Compound ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Xanthene Derivatives ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivatives

: Over the last decades, several heterocyclic derivatives compounds have been synthesized or extracted from natural resources and have been tested for their pharmaceutical activities. Xanthene is one of these heterocyclic derivatives. These compounds consist of an oxygen-containing central heterocyclic structure with two more cyclic structures fused to the central cyclic compound. It has been shown that xanthane derivatives are bioactive compounds with diverse activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory as well as therapeutic effects on diabetes and Alzheimer. The anti-cancer activity of such compounds has been one of the main research fields in pharmaceutical chemistry. Due to this diverse biological activity, xanthene core derivatives are still an attractive research field for both academia and industry. This review addresses the current finding on the biological activities of xanthene derivatives and discussed in detail some aspects of their structure-activity relationship (SAR).

Family entrepreneurship and internationalization strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ratten ◽  
Veland Ramadani ◽  
Leo-Paul Dana ◽  
Frank Hoy ◽  
Joao Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Family Businesses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of family entrepreneurship and internationalization strategies by discussing the papers in this special journal issue. Design/methodology/approach The main research areas related to family business are discussed in terms of socioemotional wealth and societal trends. A review of the literature is conducted to highlight the emerging themes affecting the decision of family businesses to internationalize. Findings The paper stresses how it is important to have an entrepreneurial approach to internationalization of family businesses. Research limitations/implications As more family businesses are born globals, it is important to focus on the positive aspects of internationalization, including emerging markets and gaining important entrepreneurial knowledge. Practical implications Family businesses need to be more innovative and risk-taking in their approach to internationalization as it helps them build their reputation and increase performance. Originality/value As there are limited studies about family entrepreneurship and internationalization in terms of a broad view of family, this paper takes an inclusive approach to the changing nature of how a family is defined in today’s global society.

scholarly journals An Overarching Review on Delay Analyses in Construction Projects

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Murat Çevikbaş ◽  
Zeynep Işık
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Delay Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Research Domains

Numerous studies have been conducted by researchers on the delay analysis topic, which is one of the primary areas of scientific study due to the effects of delays on time and cost in construction projects. Following fruitful contributions made by the researchers, it is believed to be extremely important to summarize the existing studies in terms of being a road map for future studies and practitioners. In this context, not only does this study aim to detect the most significant authors, sources, organizations and countries contributing to the improvement of delay domain in the construction industry concerning delay analyses worldwide but also to provide the researchers with extensive insights concerning the prominent research themes, trends and gaps in the literature. Hence, 168 documents related to delay analyses from 1982 to 11 February 2021 were detected through the Scopus Database and the Web of Science Database, and scientometric analyses were conducted via VOSviewer software. By evaluating the related research, two main research areas were detected in this field, namely; improving the delay analysis methods and resolving the disputes before they occur. This study is believed to make theoretical and practical contributions in that it examines the delay analysis topic in all aspects such as prominent institutions, countries, authors and sources, synthesizes the data and highlights possible research domains, gaps and trends concerning the delay analysis topic in construction industry.

Personal Predictors of Parents’ Educational Aspirations for their Children with Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kirenko ◽  
Piotr Alfred Gindrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas

In order to address the main research problem, the authors determined the correlation between personal predictors, i.e. the level of self-esteem measured by Fitts’ Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, the styles of coping with stress examined by Endler & Parkers’ Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, the intensity of social support measured by Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, and the level of educational aspirations of parents of children with disabilities, assessed by K. Parental Aspirations Questionnaire. The research involved 247 mothers and fathers of children with visual, auditory, motor and intellectual disabilities. Only full families were investigated. The research relied on multiple step-wise regression analysis, factor analysis, and path analysis for mothers and fathers separately. The high level of aspirations for the education of children with disabilities was dependent on the positive self-esteem of both mothers and fathers. The article presents a discussion of the results, study limitations, practical implications and future research areas.

scholarly journals Research challenges and opportunities in the Caribbean area: first bibliometric study in the French West Indies, from 1989 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cédric Contaret ◽  
Raymond Cesaire ◽  
Jacqueline Deloumeaux ◽  
Rémi Neviere ◽  
Dabor Resiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Output ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The University

Objective. To analyze, describe, and quantify the collaborations and scientific output of the two university teaching hospitals of Martinique and Guadeloupe, at the regional, national, and international level. Methods. A bibliometrics analysis was performed from the international databases Web of Science and PubMed, for the period from 1989 to 2018, inclusive (30 years). Three types of bibliometric indicators were used, namely quantitative indicators, performance indicators, and organization-specific indicators. Affiliations of the first and last authors were identified from PubMed. Results. Between 1989 and 2018, a total of 1 522 indexed articles were published with at least one author affiliated to either the University Hospital of Martinique (n = 827) or the University Hospital of Guadeloupe (n = 685). The majority of articles were in category Q1 (35.8% for Martinique and 35.2% for Guadeloupe). In Martinique, over the last 30 years, the three main research areas have been clinical neurology, ophthalmology, and surgery, together representing 28.7% of all research areas, with the highest number of articles published in the field of clinical neurology (n = 81). In the University Hospital of Guadeloupe, the area of hematology was largely represented, with 79 articles published. For both hospitals, the first and last authors of the article published were mainly from mainland France Conclusions. This quantitative analysis shows the development of medical and scientific research in Martinique and Guadeloupe over the last three decades, as well as the extent of their collaborative partnerships at the national and international levels.

The future of sustainable supply chains: a novel tertiary-systematic methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Centobelli ◽  
Roberto Cerchione ◽  
Livio Cricelli ◽  
Emilio Esposito ◽  
Serena Strazzullo
Keyword(s):  
New Classification ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Systematic Methodology

Purpose In recent years, economic, environmental and social sustainability has become one of the fastest-growing research fields. The number of primary and secondary papers addressing the triple bottom line is growing significantly, and the supply chain (SC) management discipline is in the same wave. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a novel tertiary systematic methodology to explore, aggregate, categorise and analyse the findings provided by secondary studies. Design/methodology/approach A novel tertiary systematic literature review approach, including 94 secondary studies, is proposed and used to analyse sustainable SC literature. The papers have been analysed using a research protocol, including descriptive and content analysis criteria. Findings This tertiary study does not only provide an overview of the literature on the topic of sustainability in SCs but also goes further, drawing up a categorisation of main research areas and research perspectives adopted by previous researchers. The paper also presents a rank of research gaps and an updated and a prioritised agenda. Originality/value This paper provides a novel interpretation of the research topics addressed by the secondary studies and presents a new classification of the literature gaps and their evolution. Finally, a dynamic research compass for both academicians and practitioners is presented.

scholarly journals Classification and examples of next generation machine elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vorwerk-Handing ◽  
T. Gwosch ◽  
S. Schork ◽  
E. Kirchner ◽  
S. Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Machine Element ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Sensory Functions

Abstract In order to fully exploit the potential of the rapidly progressing digitalisation of technical systems, it is necessary to provide reliable and significant process and condition related data. In this context, solutions are especially aspired to allow a simple integration into the surrounding system and to influence it as little as possible. The main challenges regarding the measurement of process and condition data in the operation and control of technical systems as well as in test environments are identified and presented at the beginning of this article. A promising approach to meet the resulting requirements is the integration of sensory functions into simple standardised machine elements. In order to facilitate the discussion and interdisciplinary development of machine elements with sensory functions, an extension of the existing classification of mechatronic machine elements is introduced and illustrated with examples. The introduced classification takes into account the classification according to Stücheli and Meboldt and is based on a comparison of conventional and mechatronic machine elements on a functional level with regard to the function structure. As a result, the three classes sensor carrying machine elements, sensor integrating machine elements and sensory utilizable machine elements are introduced and subsequently discussed in more detail on the basis of examples. Finally, an outlook is given on the main research areas with regard to the development of mechatronic machine elements. Key aspects include working principles and effects for application in mechatronic machine elements, system analysis with regard to load conditions, power supply of sensor and data processor in the environment of the machine element as well as data processing and signal transmission under typical environmental conditions of mechanical engineering.

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