scholarly journals Generation of pink flower varieties from blue Torenia hybrida by redirecting the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from delphinidin to pelargonidin

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Nakamura ◽  
Masako Fukuchi-Mizutani ◽  
Yuko Fukui ◽  
Kanako Ishiguro ◽  
Kenichi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Pink Flower ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway

scholarly journals Expression Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes and Transcription Factors in Peanut Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Kubra ◽  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Faiza Munir ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Drought is one of the hostile environmental stresses that limit the yield production of crop plants by modulating their growth and development. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a wide range of adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates, but its yield is prone to loss due to drought. Other than beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients, peanut harbors various bioactive compounds including flavonoids that hold a prominent position as antioxidants in plants and protect them from oxidative stress. In this study, understanding of the biosynthesis of flavonoids in peanut under water deficit conditions was developed through expression analysis and correlational analysis and determining the accumulation pattern of phenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Six peanut varieties (BARD479, BARI2011, BARI2000, GOLDEN, PG1102, and PG1265) having variable responses against drought stress have been selected. Higher water retention and flavonoid accumulation have been observed in BARI2011 but downregulation has been observed in the expression of genes and transcription factors (TFs) which indicated the maintenance of normal homeostasis. ANOVA revealed that the expression of flavonoid genes and TFs is highly dependent upon the genotype of peanut in a spatiotemporal manner. Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. Correlational analysis between the expression of TFs related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the accumulation of phenolics, flavonols, and anthocyanins indicated coregulation of flavonoid synthesis by TFs under water deficit conditions in peanut. This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut.

scholarly journals The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12824
Author(s):  
Weixin Liu ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Suhang Yu ◽  
Zhengqi Fan ◽  
Xinlei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Important Intermediate

Flavonoids are an important class of secondary metabolites widely found in plants, contributing to plant growth and development and having prominent applications in food and medicine. The biosynthesis of flavonoids has long been the focus of intense research in plant biology. Flavonoids are derived from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, and have a basic structure that comprises a C15 benzene ring structure of C6-C3-C6. Over recent decades, a considerable number of studies have been directed at elucidating the mechanisms involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. In this review, we systematically summarize the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. We further assemble an exhaustive map of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants comprising eight branches (stilbene, aurone, flavone, isoflavone, flavonol, phlobaphene, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin biosynthesis) and four important intermediate metabolites (chalcone, flavanone, dihydroflavonol, and leucoanthocyanidin). This review affords a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding flavonoid biosynthesis, and provides the theoretical basis for further elucidating the pathways involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which will aid in better understanding their functions and potential uses.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling of Different Colored Rice Reveals Physiological Dynamics Involved in the Flavonoid Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiong Chen ◽  
Yu Tao ◽  
Asif Ali ◽  
Zhenhua Zhuang ◽  
Daiming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Colored Rice

Black and red rice are rich in both anthocyanin and proanthocyanin content, which belong to a large class of flavonoids derived from a group of phenolic secondary metabolites. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway are far from clear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to gain insight into physiological factors that are involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in rice cultivars with red, black, and white colors. RNA sequencing of caryopsis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analyses have generated a nearly complete catalog of mRNA and expressed proteins in different colored rice cultivars. A total of 31,700 genes were identified, of which 3417, 329, and 227 genes were found specific for red, white, and black rice, respectively. A total of 13,996 unique peptides corresponding to 3916 proteins were detected in the proteomes of black, white, and red rice. Coexpression network analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among the different rice cultivars showed significant differences in photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Based on a differential enrichment analysis, 32 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were detected, out of which only CHI, F3H, ANS, and FLS were detected by iTRAQ. Taken together, the results point to differences in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways among different colored rice cultivars, which may reflect differences in physiological functions. The differences in contents and types of flavonoids among the different colored rice cultivars are related to changes in base sequences of Os06G0162500, Os09G0455500, Os09G0455500, and Os10G0536400. Current findings expand and deepen our understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and concurrently provides potential candidate genes for improving the nutritional qualities of rice.

scholarly journals CtACO1 Overexpression Resulted in the Alteration of the Flavonoids Profile of Safflower

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Tu ◽  
Beixuan He ◽  
Songyan Gao ◽  
Dandan Guo ◽  
Xinlei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Varying Environments ◽  
Plant Acclimatization

Background: Flavonoids with various structures play a vital role in plant acclimatization to varying environments as well as in plant growth, development, and reproduction. Exogenous applications of ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), could affect the accumulation of flavonoids. Very few attempts have been made to investigate the effect of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), a unique enzyme that catalyzes ACC to ethylene, on genes and metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, two ACOs in safflower (CtACOs) were cloned, and then transgenic safflower with overexpressed CtACO1 was generated through the Agrobacterium-mediated floral dipping method. Results: CtACO1 and CtACO2 were both characterized by the 2-oxoglutarate binding domain RxS and the ferrous iron binding site HxDxnH as ACOs from other plants. However, the transcript levels of CtACO1 in flowers at stages I, II, III, and IV were all higher than those of CtACO2. At the cellular level, by using electroporation transformation, CtACO1 was found to be localized at the cytomembrane in onion epidermal cells. CtACO1 overexpression had varying effects on genes involved in the ethylene and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. The metabolites analysis showed that CtACO1 overexpression lines had a higher accumulation of quercetin and its glycosylated derivatives (quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside and rutin). In contrast, the accumulation of quinochalcones (hydroxysafflor yellow A and carthamin), kaempferol glycosylated derivatives (kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucoside), apigenin, and luteolin in CtACO1 overexpression lines were decreased. Conclusion: This study confirmed the feasibility of applying the floral dipping method to safflower and showed a novel regulatory effect of CtACO1 in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. It provides hypothetical and practical groundwork for further research on regulating the overall metabolic flux of flavonoids in safflower, particularly hydroxysafflor yellow A and other quinochalcones, by using appropriate genetic engineering strategies.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the transcriptional regulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2465-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imène Hichri ◽  
François Barrieu ◽  
Jochen Bogs ◽  
Christian Kappel ◽  
Serge Delrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway

scholarly journals Molecular Dissection of the Gene OsGA2ox8 Conferring Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9107
Author(s):  
Yinxiao Wang ◽  
Fengping Du ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yingbo Li ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) plays an important role in the GA catabolic pathway and the molecular function of the OsGA2ox genes in plant abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice gibberellin 2-oxidase 8 (OsGA2ox8) gene. The OsGA2ox8 protein was localized in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm, and was induced in response to various abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The overexpression of OsGA2ox8 significantly enhanced the osmotic stress tolerance of transgenic rice plants by increasing the number of osmotic regulators and antioxidants. OsGA2ox8 was differentially expressed in the shoots and roots to cope with osmotic stress. The plants overexpressing OsGA2ox8 showed reduced lengths of shoots and roots at the seedling stage, but no difference in plant height at the heading stage was observed, which may be due to the interaction of OsGA2ox8 and OsGA20ox1, implying a complex feedback regulation between GA biosynthesis and metabolism in rice. Importantly, OsGA2ox8 was able to indirectly regulate several genes associated with the anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and the jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway, and overexpression of OsGA2ox8 activated JA signal transduction by inhibiting the expression of jasmonate ZIM domain-containing proteins. These results provide a basis for a future understanding of the networks and respective phenotypic effects associated with OsGA2ox8.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profiling Provides Unique Insights to Accumulation and Biosynthesis of Key Secondary Metabolites in Annual Pasture Legumes of Mediterranean Origin

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Paul A. Weston ◽  
Russell A. Barrow ◽  
Saliya Gurusinghe ◽  
John W. Piltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Pasture Legume

Annual legumes from the Mediterranean region are receiving attention in Australia as alternatives to traditional pasture species. The current study employed novel metabolic profiling approaches to quantify key secondary metabolites including phytoestrogens to better understand their biosynthetic regulation in a range of field-grown annual pasture legumes. In addition, total polyphenol and proanthocyanidins were quantified using Folin–Ciocalteu and vanillin assays, respectively. Metabolic profiling coupled with biochemical assay results demonstrated marked differences in the abundance of coumestans, flavonoids, polyphenols, and proanthocyanidins in annual pasture legume species. Genetically related pasture legumes segregated similarly from a chemotaxonomic perspective. A strong and positive association was observed between the concentration of phytoestrogens and upregulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in annual pasture legumes. Our findings suggest that evolutionary differences in metabolic dynamics and biosynthetic regulation of secondary metabolites have logically occurred over time in various species of annual pasture legumes resulting in enhanced plant defense.

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