scholarly journals Expression Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes and Transcription Factors in Peanut Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Kubra ◽  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Faiza Munir ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Drought is one of the hostile environmental stresses that limit the yield production of crop plants by modulating their growth and development. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a wide range of adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates, but its yield is prone to loss due to drought. Other than beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients, peanut harbors various bioactive compounds including flavonoids that hold a prominent position as antioxidants in plants and protect them from oxidative stress. In this study, understanding of the biosynthesis of flavonoids in peanut under water deficit conditions was developed through expression analysis and correlational analysis and determining the accumulation pattern of phenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Six peanut varieties (BARD479, BARI2011, BARI2000, GOLDEN, PG1102, and PG1265) having variable responses against drought stress have been selected. Higher water retention and flavonoid accumulation have been observed in BARI2011 but downregulation has been observed in the expression of genes and transcription factors (TFs) which indicated the maintenance of normal homeostasis. ANOVA revealed that the expression of flavonoid genes and TFs is highly dependent upon the genotype of peanut in a spatiotemporal manner. Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. Correlational analysis between the expression of TFs related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the accumulation of phenolics, flavonols, and anthocyanins indicated coregulation of flavonoid synthesis by TFs under water deficit conditions in peanut. This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut.

scholarly journals HbxB Is a Key Regulator for Stress Response and β-Glucan Biogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Sung-Hun Son ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee ◽  
Ye-Eun Son ◽  
Hee-Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trehalose Biosynthesis

Homeobox transcription factors are conserved in eukaryotes and act as multi-functional transcription factors in filamentous fungi. Previously, it was demonstrated that HbxB governs fungal development and spore viability in Aspergillus nidulans. Here, the role of HbxB in A. nidulans was further characterized. RNA-sequencing revealed that HbxB affects the transcriptomic levels of genes associated with trehalose biosynthesis and response to thermal, oxidative, and radiation stresses in asexual spores called conidia. A phenotypic analysis found that hbxB deletion mutant conidia were more sensitive to ultraviolet stress. The loss of hbxB increased the mRNA expression of genes associated with β-glucan degradation and decreased the amount of β-glucan in conidia. In addition, hbxB deletion affected the expression of the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and the amount of sterigmatocystin. Overall, these results indicated that HbxB is a key transcription factor regulating trehalose biosynthesis, stress tolerance, β-glucan degradation, and sterigmatocystin production in A.nidulans conidia.

The Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factors in Leukemogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Sternberg ◽  
D. Gary Gilliland
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Wide Range

Human leukemias are frequently associated with the aberrant expression of activated fusion tyrosine kinases or activated protein tyrosine kinases carrying insertional or point mutations. The activated kinase enzymes typically phosphorylate one or more signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) factors, which translocate to the cell nucleus and regulate the expression of genes associated with survival and proliferation. The phosphorylation and activation of STAT family members has been described in a wide range of human leukemias. Furthermore, animal models of leukemia have demonstrated the pivotal contribution of STAT activation to leukemic pathogenesis. This review discusses evidence for the functional importance of STAT activation in the biology of leukemia and current opportunities for modulating STAT proteins in the therapy of this group of diseases.

scholarly journals Developmental Variation in Fruit Polyphenol Content and Related Gene Expression of a Red-Fruited versus a White-Fruited Fragaria vesca Genotype

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sutapa Roy ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Douglas Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway

Two cultivars of F. vesca, red-fruited Baron Solemacher (BS) and white-fruited Pineapple Crush (PC), were studied to compare and contrast the quantitative accumulation of major polyphenols and related biosynthetic pathway gene expression patterns during fruit development and ripening. Developing PC fruit showed higher levels of hydroxycinnamic acids in green stages and a greater accumulation of ellagitannins in ripe fruit in comparison to BS. In addition to anthocyanin, red BS fruit had greater levels of flavan-3-ols when ripe than PC. Expression patterns of key structural genes and transcription factors of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, an abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene, and a putative ABA receptor gene that may regulate the pathway, were also analyzed during fruit development and ripening to determine which genes exhibited differences in expression and when such differences were first evident. Expression of all pathway genes differed between the red BS and white PC at one or more times during development, most notably at ripening when phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone-3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and UDP:flavonoid-O-glucosyltransferase 1 (UFGT1) were significantly upregulated in the red BS fruit. The transcription factors MYB1 and MYB10 did not differ substantially between red and white fruit except at ripening, when both the putative repressor MYB1 and promoter MYB10 were upregulated in red BS but not white PC fruit. The expression of ABA-related gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) was higher in red BS fruit but only in the early green stages of development. Thus, a multigenic effect at several points in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway due to lack of MYB10 upregulation may have resulted in white PC fruit.

scholarly journals The Role of Some Transcription Factors in Expression of GyrA and GyrB Following Exposure to Ciprofloxacin

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Pourahmad Jaktaji ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Lesani ◽  
Hoda Akhavan ◽  
Maryam Tanhaei
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Soxs Gene

Background: GyrA and gyrB genes encode DNA gyrase subunits. This enzyme regulates DNA supercoiling. Inhibitors of this enzyme, such as ciprofloxacin, may change the level of supercoiling and the expression level of genes, including gyrA and gyrB. Objectives: The aims of this research were first to select some transcription factors, which regulate the expression of gyrA and gyrB. Secondly, the effect of these transcription factors was investigated on the expression of these genes in Escherichia coli mutants with different levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin in the presence and absence of these transcription factors. Methods: For this purpose, the online software called Promoter Analyzer in Virtual Footprint version 3 was used to find and select some transcription factors. The relative expression of genes was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Theoretical results showed that CspA, FhlA, and SoxS transcription factors (with a score of match higher than 6), could be selected for further analysis. The expression of gyrA and gyrB genes remained unchanged in the presence and absence of CspA and FhlA transcription factors following exposure to the low amount of ciprofloxacin. However, SoxS transcription activator might have indirect effects on the expression of these genes, as soxS gene was overexpressed following treatment with a higher amount of ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: It is concluded that overexpression of gyrA and gyrB genes is not dependent on CspA and FhlA transcription factors, but may be dependent indirectly on regulatory proteins involved in oxidative stress following exposure to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Xenopus laevis FGF16 activates the expression of genes coding for the transcription factors Sp5 and Sp5l

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 631-639
Author(s):  
Michael Elsy ◽  
Abigail Rowbotham ◽  
Hannah Lord ◽  
Harry V. Isaacs ◽  
Mary E. Pownall
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Branchial Arches

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a family of signalling molecules with essential roles in early embryonic development across animal species. The role of FGFs in mesoderm formation and patterning in Xenopus has been particularly well studied. However, little is known about FGF16 in Xenopus. Using in situ hybridisation, we uncover the expression pattern of FGF16 during early Xenopus laevis development, which has not been previously described. We show that the zygotic expression of FGF16 is activated in the mesoderm of the early gastrula as a ring around the blastopore, with its first accumulation at the dorsal side of the embryo. Later, FGF16 expression is found in the otic vesicle, the branchial arches and the anterior pituitary, as well as in the chordal neural hinge region of the tailbud. In addition, we show that FGF16 can activate the MAPK pathway and expression of sp5 and sp5l. Like FGF16, sp5 is expressed in the otic vesicle and the branchial arches, with all three of these genes being expressed in the tailbud. These data provide evidence that FGF16 is present in the early mesoderm and can activate the expression of developmentally important transcription factors.

scholarly journals Role of ABA in Overcoming Environmental Stress: Sensing, Signaling and Crosstalk

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benderradji L ◽  
◽  
Saibi W ◽  
Brini F ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Aba Signal Transduction ◽  
Stress Sensing ◽  
Aba Receptors

The Abscisic Acid (ABA) is an isoprenoid phytohormone, regulating various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage. Moreover, it provides adaptation to drought, salt and cold stresses acts also as a signaling mediator during the plant’s adaptive response to environmental conditions. In addition, numbers of transcription factors are involved in regulating the expression of ABA responsive genes by interacting with their respective cis-acting elements. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. Hence, for improvement in plants-stress-tolerance capacity, it is necessary to understand the mechanism behind it. On this ground, this article lightens the importance and also the role of ABA signaling with regard to various stresses as well as regulation of ABA biosynthetic pathway along with the transcription factors for stress tolerance.

scholarly journals The Role of the CREB Protein Family Members and the Related Transcription Factors in Radioresistance Mechanisms

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Stati ◽  
Francesca Passaretta ◽  
Florelle Gindraux ◽  
Lucia Centurione ◽  
Roberta Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Creb Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Function

In the framework of space flight, the risk of radiation carcinogenesis is considered a “red” risk due to the high likelihood of occurrence as well as the high potential impact on the quality of life in terms of disease-free survival after space missions. The cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is overexpressed both in haematological malignancies and solid tumours and its expression and function are modulated following irradiation. The CREB protein is a transcription factor and member of the CREB/activating transcription factor (ATF) family. As such, it has an essential role in a wide range of cell processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Among the CREB-related nuclear transcription factors, NF-κB and p53 have a relevant role in cell response to ionising radiation. Their expression and function can decide the fate of the cell by choosing between death or survival. The aim of this review was to define the role of the CREB/ATF family members and the related transcription factors in the response to ionising radiation of human haematological malignancies and solid tumours.

scholarly journals The “Janus” Role of C/EBPs Family Members in Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manlio Tolomeo ◽  
Stefania Grimaudo
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumor Promoters ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Molecular Aspects

CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of transcription factors composed of six members that are critical for normal cellular differentiation in a variety of tissues. They promote the expression of genes through interaction with their promoters. Moreover, they have a key role in regulating cellular proliferation through interaction with cell cycle proteins. C/EBPs are considered to be tumor suppressor factors due to their ability to arrest cell growth (contributing to the terminal differentiation of several cell types) and for their role in cellular response to DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and genotoxic agents. However, C/EBPs can elicit completely opposite effects on cell proliferation and cancer development and they have been described as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. This “Janus” role of C/EBPs depends on different factors, such as the type of tumor, the isoform/s expressed in cells, the type of dimerization (homo- or heterodimerization), the presence of inhibitory elements, and the ability to inhibit the expression of other tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the implication of the C/EBPs family in cancer, focusing on the molecular aspects that make these transcription factors tumor promoters or tumor suppressors.

scholarly journals Tricin levels and expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in developing grains of purple and brown pericarp rice

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Poulev ◽  
Joseph R. Heckman ◽  
Ilya Raskin ◽  
Faith C. Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

The methylated flavone tricin has been associated with numerous health benefits, including reductions in intestinal and colon cancers in animal models. Tricin is found in a wide range of plant species and in many different tissues. However, whole cereal grains, such as rice, barley, oats, and wheat, are the only food sources of tricin, which is located in the bran portion of the grain. Variation in tricin levels was found in bran from rice genotypes with light brown, brown, red, and purple pericarp color, with the purple pericarp genotypes having the highest levels of tricin. Here, we analyzed tricin and tricin derivative levels in developing pericarp and embryo samples of a purple pericarp genotype, IAC600, that had high tricin and tricin derivative levels in the bran, and a light brown pericarp genotype, Cocodrie, that had no detectable tricin or tricin derivatives in the bran. Tricin and tricin derivatives were detected in both the pericarp and embryo of IAC600 but only in the embryo of Cocodrie. The purple pericarp rice had higher total levels of free tricin plus tricin derivatives than the light brown pericarp rice. When expressed on a per grain basis, most of the tricin component of IAC600 was in the pericarp. In contrast, Cocodrie had no detectable tricin in the pericarp samples but did have detectable chrysoeriol, a precursor of tricin, in the pericarp samples. We also used RNA-Seq analysis of developing pericarp and embryo samples of the two cultivars to compare the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. The results presented here suggest that understanding the basis of tricin accumulation in rice pericarp may lead to an approach to increasing tricin levels in whole grain rice. From analysis of gene expression levels in the pericarp samples it appears that regulation of the flavone specific genes is independent of regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. It therefore may be feasible to develop brown pericarp rice cultivars that accumulate tricin in the pericarp.

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