scholarly journals Microbial Purification in Well-Water Using UV-Vis LEDs and Monitoring Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Sonko Sackey ◽  
Baah Sefa-Ntiri ◽  
Patrick Mensah-Amoah ◽  
Jonathan Ntow ◽  
Michael Kwame Vowotor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity Ratio ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Internal Surfaces

Well-water contaminated by microbial bacteria has been purified using LEDs radiating in the ultra-violet and visible spectral regions. The contaminated water sample was exposed to the LEDs in specially constructed chambers and the purification process carried on for 3 days. The efficiency of the process was determined using a 445 nm diode laser to induce fluorescence (LIF) and the monitoring of coliform bacteria count (Total coliform, Fecal coliform and Escherichia coli) as well as Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB). The LIF peak fluorescence intensities at 526 nm (Raman water peak) and dissolved organic matter fluorescence intensity at 550 nm were determined. Using the fluorescence intensity of purified drinking water as reference, a fluorescence intensity ratio was calculated. A decrease in this ratio with time, at the two wavelengths indicated a proof of purification. Using the values of the slopes, the red and green LEDs proved most efficient while the UV was the least. From the counts of coliform bacteria and THB, the light sources registered zero after the first day of purification, but counts were recorded thereafter for some of the bacterial for some light sources. This may be attributable to bio-films formation on internal surfaces of the purification chamber due to excessive temperatures. A reduction in fluorescence intensity observed in the sample stored in dark environment could be attributed to the stationary and logarithmic-decline phases of the growth curve of bacterial population. This purification technique is inexpensive and can easily be adapted for domestic water purification for reducing waterborne bacteria.

MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JARAK KANDANG TERNAK TERHADAP TOTAL COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DESA KLAMBIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Yusdiah Sari ◽  
Nurbaity Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Dug Well

Clean water needs one of which can be obtained through a dug well. As for things that need to be considered in the use of dug wells that meet health requirements. This is intended to minimize the occurrence of well water contamination caused by contaminants that exist around the dug well. The purpose of conducting this research was to analyze the influence caused by the dintance of the cattle pen with the presence of total Coliform bacteria in the dug wells of Klambir Village. This study used an observational analytic method with a cross sectional design. The study were used 35 samples and it was determined by simple random sampling. The results obtained from the research that from 35 samples examined entirely contain Coliform. In detail can be explained that as much as 22 wells (62.9%) had total coliforms 50/100 ml and 13 wells (37.1%) had total coliforms ≤ 50/100 ml of water. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there was an effect of enclosure distance on total coliform in dug well water.

scholarly journals Storage-induced deterioration of domestic water quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Nnaji ◽  
I. V. Nnaji ◽  
R. O. Ekwule
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Most Significant Change

Abstract Due to the failure of municipal supply systems in many Nigerian cities, residents often resort to long storage of water in large high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tanks in order to reduce water stress. This paper investigated deterioration of the quality of stored water for a period of 35 days. Samples from 20 purposively selected storage tanks in Enugu, Nigeria were collected for analysis. Heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform (TC), enterococci and Escherichia coli were present in 85%, 75%, 40% and 61% of the samples, respectively. E. coli (p < 0.001) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in storage tanks that were also used for rainwater collection than those that were not. HPC and TC counts in tanks that collect rainwater were twice those of tanks that do not, while E. coli and enterococci counts in tanks that also collect rainwater were three times those of tanks that do not collect rainwater. The most significant change (p < 0.001) in E. coli concentration occurred after 15 days of storage. Cleaning of tanks caused significant reduction of TC counts (p = 0.013), E. coli (p < 0.001), HPC (p < 0.001) and enterococci (p = 0.001). Hence, prolonged storage of water causes significant deterioration of water quality.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Parasitological Assessment of Water use in Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Eze Chinwe Nwadiuto ◽  
Ihua Nnenna ◽  
Ijewere Blessing Ofureb
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Rivers State

In the abattoir, large amount of water is being used in processing operations; and this produces huge amount of wastewater which empty into the surrounding water bodies. The cross-sectional study followed the conventional microbiological techniques of macroscopy, microscopy, isolation, and identification to assess the bacteriological and parasitological examination of water sources in selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. The result of microbial population showed Total Coliform ranging from 5 x 101cfu/ml – 2.80 x 102cfu/ml and Faecal Coliform bacteria of 2.80 x 101 cfu/ml -1.85 x 102 cfu/ml. Total Heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 7.8 x101cfu/ml to 4.2 x102cfu/ml. The mean microbial counts; 4.86 x101 cfu/ml Fecal Coliform, 9.65 x 101cfu/ml Total Coliform and 1.82 x 102cfu/ml Heterotrophic Count. The isolates identified were Klebsiella spp, Shigella spp., Salmonella typhymurium, E. coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella paratyphi, Vibrio cholera. Nkpor village abattoir recorded highest occurrence of bacteria isolate with a total of 50(22.03%) followed by Iwofe 48(21.15%). Water sample from ponds had a higher parasitic contamination while samples from the borehole were free from parasitic infestation. Water samples for parasitological assessment were filtered and examined for parasitic organism using standard methods. Four different parasites were identified in the study, they include Ascaris lumbricoides (32.5%), Entamoeba histolytica (22.5%), Giardia lamblia (17.5%) and the least Taenia spp (7.5%). Nkpor-village abattoir had the highest level of contamination with (30.0%) parasite occurrence, followed by Mgboshimini abattoir (15.0%). The use of unsafe water for meat processing by butchers, portends a serious public health risk to consumers who purchase the meat, from these abattoirs. Therefore, government should endeavour to make borehole water available to all the abattoirs in Port Harcourt.

scholarly journals MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

<p>The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x10<sup>5 </sup>cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x10<sup>3</sup>cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x10<sup>5 </sup>cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x10<sup>7</sup>cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Anadara</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">granosa</span>) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Salmonella</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Vibrio</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Aeromonas</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Pseudomonas</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Citrobacter</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Proteus</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Shigella</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Hafnia</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">,</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Yersinia</span>. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps.</p> <p>Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.</p>

scholarly journals Bacteriology of the fresh water bivalve clam Batissa violacea (Kai) sold in the Suva market

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
A A M Hatha ◽  
K S Christi ◽  
R Singh ◽  
S Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Forty samples of freshwater clam (Batissa violacea), popularly known as Kai, collected from the Suva market were analysed for total aerobic plate count and total coliforms. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plate count were also characterised up to genera. The results indicated higher than acceptable level of plate count and coliform bacteria. While total plate count of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 5.5 x 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram to more than 107 cfu/ gram, total coliform load varied between 1.1 x 104 to 1.1 x 105 per 100 gm of Kai flesh. The characterisation of the heterotrophic bacteria revealed the predominance of the genera Micrococcus (34%) and Bacillus (24%). Other genera encountered included Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed the need for depuration of the Kai in clean running water to reduce the bacterial load to acceptable levels. Temperature control soon after harvesting by proper icing and thorough cooking of the Kai before consumption is also recommended.

Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from surface and well waters in Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Schiemann
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Well Waters

Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from forty-three surface- and well-water samples and one municipal supply. In many cases these samples were negative for coliform bacteria. After incubation of membrane filters on M-Endo agar LES at 35 °C for total coliform analysis, filters were held an additional 24 h at room temperature. This method was more productive for isolation of waterborne types of Y. enterocolitica than was cold enrichment in buffer alone or in combination with modified Rappaport broth. Most of the water isolates were atypical in being rhamnose-positive. Eighteen isolates (38%) were serotypable, presenting nine different serotypes with 0:4 occurring most frequently followed by 0:6,30. Water isolates of serotype 0:6,30 resemble human strains of the same serotype.

scholarly journals Microbial Quality of Well Water in Upland and Riverine Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Nwankwo ◽  
M. Julie, Ovunda
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Rivers State

In this study, health risk assessment of well water from twelve communities grouped into upland and riverine in Rivers State was carried out in several categories such as uses of water, skin infections and health assessment via questionnaire distribution. Malaria was recorded to be the most common disease related to water. Furthermore, water samples were collected and analysed for physiochemical, biochemical and pathological characteristics. The average pH was 7.52, an indication of neutrality. Several species of bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and identified. The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total fungal and total coliform counts ranged from 14.0x104cfu/ml to 100.0x104cfu/ml, 3.2x103cfu/ml to 7.4x103cfu/ml and 4 cfu/100 ml to ≥2400 cfu/100 ml respectively. Morphological and biochemical observations revealed the presence of the following organisms: Aeromonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp. Citrobacter sp. E. coli, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Sarcina sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Vibrio sp. Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. had the least percentage incidence of 8.3% while Vibrio sp had the most incidence of 100% in all the well water sampled. Well water is a source of pathogenic bacteria; hence, it is recommended that consistent water quality studies should be conducted on all the well water in the communities at least once in a year. Well water should also be treated before use to avoid the outbreak of water borne diseases.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Well Water Samples in Ido Community, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
N. P. Akani ◽  
L. O. Amadi ◽  
I. M. Amafina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well water samples in Ido community. Thirty water samples were collected from five different wells ( six samples from each well) and subjected to standard microbiological and physicochemical analysis. All physicochemical properties showed difference (p<0.05) in all the wells analyzed except temperature and turbidity. Temperature ranged between 25.3±3.50C and 26±2.350C; pH, 6.3±0.7 and 6.9±0.3; electrical conductivity, 127.6±1.9 and 157.8±7.7μs/cm; total suspended solids, 25.2±8.9 and 53.2±1.8mg/l; turbidity, 0.15±0.7 and 1.20±1.4NTU; dissolved oxygen, 4.40±2.8 and 5.35±2.1 mg/l; Biological Oxygen Demand, 9.40±2.8 and15.4±2.8mg/l; Chemical Oxygen Demand, 177.2±1.6 and 260.3±1.6mg/l; chloride, 59.8±8.5 and 101.2±2.6mg/l and total hardness, 246.6±1.9 and 395.6±2.7mg/l. All values fell within WHO standards except Chemical Oxygen Demand (WHO Standard 40mg/l) and total hardness (WHO Standard 100mg/l). Results of microbial population did not show any difference (p>0.05) across the wells. However, Total Heterotrophic Bacteria ranged from  2.15±0.91×104 to 5.3±0.86×104cfu/ml; total coliform, 3.00±0.77×104 to 6.18±0.73×104 cfu/ml; Total feacal coliform, 2.61±0.71×104 to 4.39±0.76×104 cfu/ml; Total vibrio count, 2.68±0.81× 103  to 4.4±0.86×103 cfu/ml; Total salmonella shigella count. 2.02±0.84×103 to 4.8±0.95×103 cfu/ml. Total coliform bacteria ranged from 220 to > 1600 coliform MPN index /100ml-1, while thermo tolerant coliform bacteria ranged from 220 to  1600 coliform MPN index /100ml-1.  A total of forty bacterial isolates belonging to ten genera were identified. They include species of Bacillus 22 (26.4%), Staphylococcus 14(16.8%), Vibrio 13(15.7%), Serratia 6(7.3%), Enterobacter 6(7.3%), Chromobacterium 4(4.8%), Salmonella 4 (4.9%), Shigella 4(4.8%) and E. coli 4(4.8%).  This  result highlights the fact that  well water in Ido community are not safe microbiologically for drinking without additional treatment such as boiling or disinfection and this could lead to outbreak of water borne diseases. Good and proper environmental and personal hygiene is advocate especially by the users of those wells to prevent their contamination with bacterial pathogens.

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