scholarly journals Bacteriological and Parasitological Assessment of Water use in Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Eze Chinwe Nwadiuto ◽  
Ihua Nnenna ◽  
Ijewere Blessing Ofureb
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Rivers State

In the abattoir, large amount of water is being used in processing operations; and this produces huge amount of wastewater which empty into the surrounding water bodies. The cross-sectional study followed the conventional microbiological techniques of macroscopy, microscopy, isolation, and identification to assess the bacteriological and parasitological examination of water sources in selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. The result of microbial population showed Total Coliform ranging from 5 x 101cfu/ml – 2.80 x 102cfu/ml and Faecal Coliform bacteria of 2.80 x 101 cfu/ml -1.85 x 102 cfu/ml. Total Heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 7.8 x101cfu/ml to 4.2 x102cfu/ml. The mean microbial counts; 4.86 x101 cfu/ml Fecal Coliform, 9.65 x 101cfu/ml Total Coliform and 1.82 x 102cfu/ml Heterotrophic Count. The isolates identified were Klebsiella spp, Shigella spp., Salmonella typhymurium, E. coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella paratyphi, Vibrio cholera. Nkpor village abattoir recorded highest occurrence of bacteria isolate with a total of 50(22.03%) followed by Iwofe 48(21.15%). Water sample from ponds had a higher parasitic contamination while samples from the borehole were free from parasitic infestation. Water samples for parasitological assessment were filtered and examined for parasitic organism using standard methods. Four different parasites were identified in the study, they include Ascaris lumbricoides (32.5%), Entamoeba histolytica (22.5%), Giardia lamblia (17.5%) and the least Taenia spp (7.5%). Nkpor-village abattoir had the highest level of contamination with (30.0%) parasite occurrence, followed by Mgboshimini abattoir (15.0%). The use of unsafe water for meat processing by butchers, portends a serious public health risk to consumers who purchase the meat, from these abattoirs. Therefore, government should endeavour to make borehole water available to all the abattoirs in Port Harcourt.

scholarly journals HIV and HBV Coinfections in the Highly HIV-infected Population of Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tochi I. Cookey ◽  
Iheanyi O. Okonko ◽  
Nnenna Frank-Peterside
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Low Rate

Background: In Nigeria, hepatitis co-infection with HIV is linked with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the rate of HIV/HBV coinfection among the highly HIV-infected people in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), in Rivers State, Nigeria, from February 2017 to September 2019. Methods: A total of 226 HIV-positive people, 105 men and 121 women, were recruited for this study. ELISA was used to screen these participants for the presence of HIV and HBsAg, and this was done following the guidelines stipulated by the manufacturer. The demographic characteristics of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire designed for the study. Results: Seven people tested positive for HIV/HBV, resulting in a 3.1 % overall prevalence. No significant association was found to exist between HIV/HBV coinfection and the characteristics of the study population. Conclusion: A low seroprevalence was observed for HIV/HBV infection, in spite of Nigeria being endemic for HBV. Despite this low rate of HIV/HBV coinfection, routine screening for HBV markers should be carried out to reduce morbidity and mortality in this group.

scholarly journals Culture-Dependent Evaluation of Microbial and Proximate Composition of Ready-to-Eat (RTE) African Salad Sold at Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Ultra-Modern Market (Mile 3, Diobu), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Amadi ◽  
Christian C. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Culture Dependent

This study attempts to evaluate culture-dependent microbial and proximate composition of African salad (Abacha) sold at Nkpolu Oroworukwo (mile 3) market, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples were bought from stationary vendors at market within the months of March, 2019 to March, 2021. Garnished African salad (GAS) and ungarnished African salad (UAS) samples were determined by standard microbiological techniques whereas proximate composition (PC) was analysed by the methods of Association of Official of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Total aerobic plate counts (TAPCs), total coliform counts (TCCs) and fungal counts (FCs) of GAS were higher 4.5x104CFU/g, 5.3x104CFU/g and 1.1x104CFU/g respectively as against 3.4x104CFU/g, 3.8x104 CFU/g and 0.8x104CFU/g for UAG. Microfloral diversity were more in GAS with species such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp.. Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., and Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Saccharomyces and Candida species than in UAS. Nutrient composition, energy (116.00Kcal/100g) and pH (6.4) values were higher in GAS. In contrast, only the moisture (62.52±0.53%) and carbohydrate (23.21±0.21%) contents were slightly higher in UAS than those in GAS. The study revealed that African salad’ bioburden was slightly above the microbiological standard limits of International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICMSF) and (Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) for RTE foods for mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB)/TAPC but exceeded that for total coliforms. However, the microbes detected are likely aetiologic agents of several food borne diseases (FBDs) in human and animal pathologies. Therefore, adequate surveillance, monitoring and compliance with hygienic practices and environmental sanitary measures during processing, fortification and distribution should be enforced by regulatory agencies and stakeholders for wholesome and palatable RTE foods.

scholarly journals Isolation of Diarrhea Causing Organisms (Salmonella and Shigella) from Selected Seafood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Owhorchukwu Amadi- Wali ◽  
Chinyere Amadi- Wali ◽  
Allwell Sunny Njigwum
Keyword(s):  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
One Way Anova

Aims: The study investigated the presence of entities causing diarrhea (Shigella & Salmonella) from some selected seafood. Study Design:  The study adopted a completely randomized experimental Design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), between January 2020 and February 2020. Methodology: Simple random technique was employed to collect sufficient quantities of five different fresh raw seafoods (shrimp, periwinkle, crab, sardine fish and mudskipper) across fish harbors and fish markets (Nembe waterside, Abonema Wharf and 1 Fish Market) in Port Harcourt, and were evaluated for bacteriological quality. Sample collection was a cross-sectional type. The isolation and identification of isolates were done according to standard bacteriological analytical methods. The study employed Frequency counts, percentages and one- way ANOVA statistics, and the analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Although, one-way ANOVA statistics was used to test the hypothesis of the study at 0.05 level of significance, while Tukey’s test was used for ranking means. Results: The finding showed that 53 percent of the isolates (i.e. 8 out of 15 isolates) were characterized as Salmonella and Shigella. Also, the result shows that all the seafood evaluated contain unacceptable levels of Salmonella and Shigella contamination, which ranged from 1.79 x107 CFU/g to 2.96 x107CFU/g. The level of contamination found in the selected seafood is shown in descending order from the highest to the lowest: Sardine> Periwinkle> Shrimps> Mudskipper> Crab. More so, result from the hypothesis showed that there was a significant mean difference in the Salmonella and Shigella count amongst selected seafood (P < .001). Conclusion: The results of this study constitute an indicator of fecal contamination in selected seafood from fish markets in Port Harcourt. Amongst others, it was recommended that Government should enforce laws discouraging the dumping of untreated waste into water bodies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Subjects Resident in Port Harcourt Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
T. Neebee–Sordum ◽  
D. G. Tamuno-emine ◽  
D. Onwuli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess thyroid hormone levels in among diabetics in Port- Harcourt  of Rivers State in Nigeria Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Chemical Pathology Department, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between December, 2019 and February, 2020. Methodology: A total of 224 subjects were recruited for the study, diabetic parents (132 subjects), non-diabetic parents (112 subjects. Five (5) ml of blood sample was collected and used to analyse for serum thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T­­3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) using Enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay. Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS version 22.0 and values considered significant at p< 0.05. Results: The mean ± S.D of serum TSH were 1.28± 0.6u/ml (control) and 1.84±1.05 u/ml (subject), (p=0.023). T4 value were 2.49 ± 0.86u/ml (control) (p=0.024) and 3.90 ±1,62u/ml (subjects) and T3 values were 1.89±0.41u/ml (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The evaluation of thyroid hormones (TSH, T4 and T3) among diabetes with the age ranges of population studied shows that there was altered thyroid hormone in diabetes mellitus individuals.

scholarly journals Access to Contraception amongst Female Adolescents: Rivers State Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
S. Eli ◽  
D. G. B. Kalio ◽  
K. Okagua ◽  
C. E. Enyindah ◽  
D. S. Abam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Access To Contraception

Introduction: The importance of contraception amongst adolescents cannot be over-emphasized especially as it concerns reproductive health. Globally, these group of persons are vulnerable and engage in high risk sexual behaviour with little or no access to contraception particularly in the developing countries of the world. Aim: To determine the access to contraception amongst female adolescents in Rivers State.  Methods: It was a cross sectional study of female adolescents attending holiday camp in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Questionnaires were distributed and information coded and analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: One hundred questionnaires were distributed and 89 retrieved. The mean age was 16 ± 2 years. Fifty seven (64.0%) were in secondary school while 32(36.0%) of the adolescents were undergraduates. Twelve (13.5%) were sexually active compared to 69 (77.5%) who were not sexually active, 8 (9%) were non respondents to this question. One (1.1%) of the adolescents had access to contraception while 85 (95.5%) had no access to contraception, 3 (3.3%) did not give any response as regards to access to contraception or not. The media was the most common means of information 25 (28%) on contraception. Conclusion: The study revealed that access to contraception amongst female adolescents in Port Harcourt was poor. Enlightenment programme is highly recommended to prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections and other adverse effects on reproductive health.

scholarly journals Malaria Status in Relation to Risk Factors among Attendees of Two Health Facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
G. N. Wokem ◽  
A. M. Erasmus ◽  
V. C. Wokem
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Rivers State

A cross sectional study was conducted among subjects from two health facilities in Port Harcourt to assess malaria status and its health determinants. Seven hundred subjects of different ages and both sexes were investigated after ethical approval was obtained from Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Written consent of the subjects was obtained before questionnaire administration to obtain the demographic data. The uninfected subjects were used as control. Four (4) mls of blood was taken from each subject by vein-puncture into separate EDTA bottles for haematological profile tests and malaria parasite identification using standard haematological and parasitological techniques. The overall prevalence of malaria was 27%. The males had slightly higher prevalence (27.8%) than the females (26.5%), though the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The highest prevalence occurred among females (48.4%) of age group <1-10yrs and followed by males (40.7%) of same age group, and followed by males of 11-20 yrs with 36.4%. From risk groups related prevalence the School children (45%) were the most infected, followed by Blood donors (35.7%) and pregnant women (26.5%). Only the Packed Cell Volume was significantly affected adversely by malaria (P<0.0001), of all the haematological Parameters tested.

scholarly journals The Morbidities Experienced during and after the 2017 Flood in Port Harcourt

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. S. Amaechi ◽  
B. Ordinioha
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Dark Urine ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Floods are a type of natural phenomena, identified as the world most common natural disaster with a major ravaging impact claiming lives, causing property damage, destruction of environment and infrastructure, and increasing health impacts. Port Harcourt Metropolis, the capital of Rivers State was greatly affected by the 2017 flood. Hence this study aims to determine the morbidities experienced during and after the 2017 flood. Materials and Methods: The study was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research for effective triangulation. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel for editing, SPSS version 20 for quantitative analysis and Nvivo version 12.0 was used for qualitative analysis. Results: A total of 210 respondents were administered questionnaires but had response rate of 96.67% and a total of 3 key informants were interviewed with a 100% response rate. Amongst these respondents were 44.8% male and 55.2% female, with respondents’ mean age of 35.96±11.15. The frequencies of occurrence of morbidities of the residents and the 2017 flood were analyzed using percentage and chi-square test and the result showed a statistical significance (p < 0.05) between both variables. Conclusion: The findings showed that the morbidities experienced during the flood had higher prevalence than post flood morbidities, but an exception was dark urine. These flood risks and morbidity outcomes can however be controlled through adequate preventive measures and recommendable interventions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bore Whole Water in Oroworukwu Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Akinfolarin OM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Water quality has become a serious issue to economic and social sustainable development, not only because of the imbalance between available scant water resource and dense population, but also the inefficiency of water resources regulation and management. This study is aimed at assessing the quality of borehole water at the study areas and to compare with standards, Water samples were collected from three stations (Mile 1 to 3) at nine points in oroworukwu area of Port Harcourt. Physicochemical parameters were analysed which includes pH, alkalinity, turbidity, temperature, salinity, total dissolved solid, conductivity, chloride, nitrate, and heavy metals. Bacterial analysis done included total coliform count, total fecal count and total heterotrophic bacteria. The results obtained showed a pH ranged of 4.8-5.9 which was below the permissible limit (6.8-7.8) of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS). All other physicochemical parameter results were within permissible limits. There were no bacteria detected in the water which indicated that the water was not contaminated. In any case there is a need to treat the water to raise the pH to the acceptable value of WHO and NIS.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Indrani Jadhav ◽  
Indrani Jadhav ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Skin Commensals

Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamases have addressed the serious challenges worldwide due to the emergence of ESBL producing genes which possess a serious threat for the treatment of infections both in community and hospitals since it is found to be increasing trends of multidrug resistance. This study was focused to find out the antibiotic profile of multidrug resistant Escherichia .coli and status of ESBLs producing E.coli. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years (September 2017 to April 2019) at microbiology laboratory of Nepal Mediciti Hospital. A total of 16542 samples were processed. Various clinical samples were collected from both inpatients and outpatients aseptically and without contaminating skin commensals. Standard microbiological techniques were used for isolation and identification of pathogens. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases were phenotypically confirmed by combined disc method. Results: Out of 1449 E.coli isolates, 323(22.29%) were found to be MDR E.coli. Isolation rate of ESBL producing E.coli (66.56%) were found to be high among MDR E.coli isolates. Conclusion: There was increasing prevalence of ESBL producing E.coli and was essential to monitor antibiotic susceptibility pattern and formulate antibiotic policy to prevent the spread of MDR and ESBL producers.  

IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

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