scholarly journals Personalization of Legal and Ethical Information in ICT Platforms: The Approach of Legal Decision Tree

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Adnan Imeri ◽  
Abdelaziz Khadraoui ◽  
Thang Le Dinh ◽  
Djamel Khadraoui

This paper aims at presenting a theoretical approach for the representation of legal and ethical information in a personalized way in ICT platforms. The personalization process allows us to adapt the legal information for end- users of ICT platforms. This approach points out the key element for defining a complete legal and ethical corpus of documents. Based on the corresponding scenario, the legal information is selected, filtered and then presented in ICT platforms. For organizating and analyzing this legal and ethical information, we reuse the existing notion of the decision tree and enhance it with a set of legal parameters emerging from legal documents. This legal decision tree will help us to treat different types of legal cases, which may relate to different service scenarios.

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Weizhi Ma ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Yiqun Liu ◽  
...  

Recommendation in legal scenario (Legal-Rec) is a specialized recommendation task that aims to provide potential helpful legal documents for users. While there are mainly three differences compared with traditional recommendation: (1) Both the structural connections and textual contents of legal information are important in the Legal-Rec scenario, which means feature fusion is very important here. (2) Legal-Rec users prefer the newest legal cases (the latest legal interpretation and legal practice), which leads to a severe new-item problem. (3) Different from users in other scenarios, most Legal-Rec users are expert and domain-related users. They often concentrate on several topics and have more stable information needs. So it is important to accurately model user interests here. To the best of our knowledge, existing recommendation work cannot handle these challenges simultaneously. To address these challenges, we propose a legal information enhanced graph neural network–based recommendation framework (LegalGNN). First, a unified legal content and structure representation model is designed for feature fusion, where the Heterogeneous Legal Information Network (HLIN) is constructed to connect the structural features (e.g., knowledge graph) and contextual features (e.g., the content of legal documents) for training. Second, to model user interests, we incorporate the queries users issued in legal systems into the HLIN and link them with both retrieved documents and inquired users. This extra information is not only helpful for estimating user preferences, but also valuable for cold users/items (with less interaction history) in this scenario. Third, a graph neural network with relational attention mechanism is applied to make use of high-order connections in HLIN for Legal-Rec. Experimental results on a real-world legal dataset verify that LegalGNN outperforms several state-of-the-art methods significantly. As far as we know, LegalGNN is the first graph neural model for legal recommendation.


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
NIMROD HURVITZ ◽  
EDWARD FRAM

Professional jurists are often inquisitive about the subject matter of their calling and in the course of their careers may well develop fascinating insights into the law and those who interpret it. Their employers, however, be they governments, corporations, firms, or private clients, rarely show similar enthusiasm for such insights unless the hours spent pondering the social or historical significance of this or that legal view have a contemporary value that justifies the lawyer's fee.Thankfully, other members of society are rewarded for mining the legal records of the past. For legal historians, the search often focuses on the changing legal ideas and how legal doctrine develops over time to meet the changing needs of societies. Yet because the law generally deals with concrete matters – again, because jurists are paid by people who are unlikely to remunerate those who simply while away their hours making up legal cases – it offers a reservoir of information that can be used, albeit with caution, in fields other than just the history of the law.A partial reconstruction of the law of any given time and place is among the more obvious historical uses of legal documents but statutes, practical decisions, and even theoretical texts can be used to advance other forms of the historical endeavour. Legal works often reflect the values both of jurists and society-at-large, for while the law creates social values it is not immune to changes in these very values.


2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Bálint Molnár

This paper presents a proposal for reconciliation between the warehouse of legal documents created during legislation and Knowledge Warehouse that is dedicated to assisting both citizens and public officers in the procedural legal rules of Public Administration in Hungary. The Knowledge Warehouse contains several thousand detailed rules that describe how to manage and handle life events of citizens. This description can be considered as generic legal cases within legal procedures of authorities. The citizens trigger specific instances of the generic ones. The evolving Knowledge Warehouse main purpose is to enable citizens to get their specific legal cases started either through Web on the Government Portal or with the help of public officers. The Knowledge Warehouse will be extended by ontologies and semantic search capabilities. An Integrated System for Supporting of Codification will be created in an on-going project that will serve as sound basis for the National Warehouse of Legal Rules. The National Warehouse pursues the prescription of MetaLex legal standards in the case of representation of electronic legal documents. The two Warehouse are strongly coupled to each other. However, the syntactic and semantic structure of both differs profoundly. The representation of e-documents within the National Warehouse is in line with ELI, the European Legislation Identifier, even the ontologies and attached semantic description concentrates on the legal documents structural elements and their interpretation. The Knowledge Warehouse focuses on ontologies of life events and procedures of authorities to leverage semantic searching. The proposed solution tries to reconcile and integrate the two differing approaches.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Bhumi Mehta

There are basically four types of financial instruments viz. a bank deposit, a bill of exchange, a bond, and equity. As a result of a steady stream of financial innovations in today’s time, the market landscape is far less sparse-and far more complex to evaluate. Financial instruments are termed as the financial products which are tradable as packages of capital, each having their own unique characteristics and structure. The wide collection of financial instruments in today's marketplace allows for the efficient flow of capital amongst the world's investors. Financial instruments are legal documents that embody monetary value. There are a number of different types of documents that are properly identified as a financial instrument. There are different types of financial instrument, like cash instruments or derivative instruments.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3688 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Song ◽  
Youn-Kyung Kim

This study uses a human-centered approach to environmental ethics to examine which perceived factors in advertising predict consumers’ intention to purchase “green”, or sustainably and ethically produced, apparel. We use eight different types of green apparel advertisements to build a decision tree model to determine the most influential factors that lead to future purchases of green apparel. We classify consumers’ perceptions of green advertising as either humanistic, environmental, or product-related responses and propose a conceptual framework to outline the essential elements of an effective green advertising strategy. We use a sample of 829 US consumers from the period January 2015 to December 2017 in our empirical research. Our results show that four factors, namely, perception of the apparel’s quality, its uniqueness, caring, and nature connectedness, predict consumers’ intention to purchase green apparel. Notably, the largest segment of consumers (36%), those who perceive high levels of apparel quality and caring in the advertising, are identified as the high-purchase group. Our findings could improve strategies in green apparel advertising by providing a new analytical approach to model consumers’ behavioral intention to purchase green apparel.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-395
Author(s):  
Ruth Osimk-Teasdale ◽  
Nora Dorn

This paper reports on some issues encountered when using various ‘external points of reference’ in the development of POS-tagging guidelines for the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE). VOICE is a corpus of spoken English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) containing naturally occurring, plurilingual data. As in all kinds of natural language use, speakers recorded in VOICE exploit available linguistic resources, often resulting in non-codified language use and language which is difficult to classify unambiguously. However, detailed tagging solutions for such phenomena are rarely reported. We discuss usefulness and limitations of external points of reference with regard to their suitability for POS-tagging VOICE and address methodological as well as practical issues, especially the handling of non-codified language use and different types of ambiguities. We suggest that the solutions found, and the theoretical approach adopted, could be relevant for the tagging of other spoken corpora.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Iryna Rusnak

The article is a first attempt to tackle Borys Grinchenko’s theoretical paper “The Management of Inspiration” (1893) in the Ukrainian literary studies. The manuscript of Grinchenko’s paper is kept at the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadsky. The subject of the research is the writer’s views on the psychology of creativity. The article aims to consider the theoretical views of the Ukrainian philosopher on the problem of inspiration as a special creative venue of the artists, writers or composers, the management of which can affect their productivity. The results of the study enable to detect the influence of both idealistic and positivist-oriented aesthetics in Grinchenko’s theoretical approach to the cultivated creativity. The Ukrainian philosopher is resolute in denying the idea of inspiration as a rapidly passing special state which cannot be managed for example by the writer. Nor does he accept the possibility of productive creativity only in the moments of emotional outburst or transcendence. Grinchenko develops coherently the idea that the ingenious writers systematically experienced inspiration relying on the skill, worked out over the years, to create at a fixed time. In his opinion, the timing for different types of activity allowed those writers to evoke special spirituality at certain hours, when aesthetic performance is the most productive. In his paper, B. Grinchenko insists on the need for each creator to handle the inspiration by means of the skillful management of creative process. The ideas of the Ukrainian philosopher on the possibility of managing writer’s insight keep with the Hegelian thesis of creative inspiration as a natural result of the artist’s hard work. B. Grinchenko regards inspiration as an animating force that can be set in motion by daily routine. Every writer’s moment of the highest revelation proceeds differently; its every stage can be differently time-bound. Yet Borys Grinchenko hopes that in the future the development of literary processes will lead most writers to a disciplined and manageable way of creativity. The ideas of Grinchenko’s paper on the bonding of inspiration and the titanic work of the writer are up-to-date.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Carolline Septimio ◽  
Genylton Odilon Rêgo Da Rocha ◽  
Geovana Mendonça Lunardi Mendes

 O artigo ora apresentado é derivado de um recorte da dissertação de mestrado desenvolvida na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Nosso objetivo foi investigar a acessibilidade física no campus de Belém, a partir do olhar de Estudantes com deficiência. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas aos Acadêmicos com diferentes tipos de deficiência e cursando graduações distintas, a fim de observar a diversidade de percepções no uso do espaço, em uma abordagem teórica ancorada em Goffman(1988), Pinto e Buffa (2009) e Diniz (2012). Como resultados destacamos que, para os Discentes, a acessibilidade física não é um conceito fixo e universal, mas construído na relação sujeito-ambiente e que as atuais obras de acesso ao espaço físico da UFPA têm sinalizado avanços para a vida acadêmica e precisam ser expandidas. Para os Estudantes, faz-se necessário o fomento a pesquisas que abordem a questão da acessibilidade física na universidade pois o campus é considerado pelos Acadêmicos como o melhor espaço de socialização de conhecimentos, ainda que existam barreiras de acesso à sua estrutura física.Palavras-chave: Acessibilidade física. Estudantes com deficiência. Universidade Federal do Pará.Physical accessibility at the Federal University of Pará through the eyes of disabled studentsAbstract: This article is derived from a part of the master's thesis developed at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). Our goal was to investigate the physical accessibility on campus in Belém, through the eyes of disabled Students. The qualitative research was conducted by interviews with Students with different types of disabilities who were attending different degrees programs, in order to observe the diversity of perceptions about the use of the space, in a theoretical approach anchored on Goffman (1988), Pinto and Buffa (2009) and Diniz (2012). As a result we noticed that for Students, physical accessibility is not a steady and universal concept, but a concept built in the subject-environment relationship and that the current improvements of access to UFPA's physical space have indicated progress to the academic life but still need to be expanded. For Students, it is necessary to promote research about physical accessibility at the university because the campus is considered by scholars as the best knowledge socialization space, although there are access barriers to its physical structure.Keywords: Physical accessibility. Disabled students. Federal University of Pará. Accesibilidad física en la universidade federal do pará bajo la mirada de estudiantes con deficienciaResumen: Este artículo es derivado del recorte de la disertación de maestria desarollada en la Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la accesibilidad física en el campus de Belém desde la mirada de los Estudiantes con deficiencia. El estudio cualitativo fue realizado a través de entrevistas a los Académicos com diferentes tipos de deficiencia y cursando distintos grados, con el propósito de observar la diversidad de percepción en el uso del espacio, en un abordaje teorica fundamentado en Goffman (1988), Pinto e Buffa (2009) e Diniz (2012). Como resultados hemos destacado que, para los Alumnos, la accesibilidad física no es un concepto fijo y universal, pero sí construido en la relación sujeto-ambiente y que las atuales obras de acceso al espacio físico de UFPA han señalado avances para la vida académica y necesitan expandirse. Para los Estudiantes, es necesario el fomento a investigaciones que aborden la questión de la accesibilidad física en la universidad, pues el campus es considerado, por los Académicos, el mejor espacio de socialización de conocimientos, aunque existan barreras de acceso a su estructura física.Palabras clave: Accesibilidad física. Estudiantes con deficiencia. Universidade Federal do Pará.  


Author(s):  
Pranay Bhardwaj ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Joshi ◽  
Amit Koul

Letters, figures or words are sometimes fraudulently added to a contract or other legal documents after it has been signed or produced. This can drastically change the intent of the document. It is more difficult to detect additions that are skillfully added to a document than erasures. It becomes the task of the document examiner to determine if the addition or alteration was made after the document was executed or these were the part and parcel of the document earlier. The forensic document experts can examine, detect and interpret the evidence of alteration by means of additions/insertions, as well as relative age of writings and spuriousness of the documents even in the absence of samples. Besides examining the different types of forgery involved in the writings/ signatures, the ink of the writings, misalignment between the letters, figures, words as well as lines, crowdedness of the writing, rhythm of the writing1, detection and analysis of indented and other accidental markings in the front as well as back side of the document under observation need to be carefully and thoroughly examined. In this study, the systematic method of identification of fraudulent nature of the document with respect to alteration by means of additions/ insertions/interpolation, as well as relative age of writings are discussed.


Author(s):  
Chokri Kooli

Abstract Background Fourteen Muslim countries were explored for available national laws, regulations, and guidelines concerning assisted reproduction techniques (ART). These documents were studied with total consideration of the ethical and religious principles followed by Islamic religion. This study found different types of legal documents issued by legislatives authorities, ethical committees, or professional bodies. Documents reviewed are directly related to assisted reproduction techniques medical use, access, or research in the field of ART. Main body of the abstract Most of the studied documents showed various degrees of deficiencies concerning legal or ethical protections and considerations. Certain documents that were examined need to be updated or amended in order to follow the continuous medical progress. The research also showed certain difficulty of legislating in countries characterized by multiculturalism and different ethical and religious traits and beliefs. Recently, Muslim legislators have made many efforts. However, the spread of legal documents among the Muslim countries is partial in volume and nature. Short conclusion The comparison of the content with international documents shows us that most of assisted reproductions legal documents in use in the studied countries demonstrate numerous deficiencies in term of structure, nature, and the coverage of controversial subjects.


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